Agricultural City Research Articles

Changes in county-scale landscape patterns in northern Fujian Province

Based on the five-phase Landsat TM/ETM remote sensing image data, the remote sensing images were processed and the landscape pattern indices were calculated with the help of ENVI and FRAGSTATS software, respectively. Jian’ou city, a large agricultural city in northern Fujian Province, was used as a county-scale study case to explore its landscape pattern changes during the 20-year period from 1995 to 2015. The results show that the development intensity of Jian’ou city increased continuously from 1995 to 2010, the fragmentation of the landscape increased, the degree of aggregation decreased significantly, and the landscape structure became increasingly complex. After 2010, the landscape connectivity gradually became better, the degree of aggregation increased, and the landscape structure tended to be simpler.

Inmigrantes latinoamericanos/as en Talca. Una mirada desde la ciudad intermedia agraria

El propósito general del artí­culo es comprender los motivos de los inmigrantes latinoamericanos para decidir vivir en la ciudad de Talca-Chile, considerando la escasez de estudios que explican la relación entre movilidad humana y ciudad intermedia agraria. Lo anterior fue abordado a través de una metodologí­a cualitativa, especí­ficamente desde un estudio de caso, a partir de la aplicación de entrevistas individuales, y con un posterior análisis de contenido de la información. Por consiguiente, lo realizado permitió descubrir que finalmente son tres las motivaciones para elegir Talca como lugar para vivir: poseer redes migratorias en la comuna, tener ofertas laborales en la zona y el atractivo que supone para algunos/as una ciudad intermedia agraria como esta.

Soil Lead Concentration and Speciation in Community Farms of Newark, New Jersey, USA

Farmed urban soils often bear legacies of historic contamination from anthropogenic and industrial sources. Soils from seven community farms in Newark, New Jersey (NJ), USA, were analyzed to determine the concentration and speciation of lead (Pb) depending on garden location and cultivation status. Samples were evaluated using single-step 1 M nitric acid (HNO3) and Tessier sequential extractions in combination with X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) analysis. Single-step extractable Pb concentration ranged from 22 to 830 mg kg−1, with 21% of samples reporting concentrations of Pb > 400 mg kg−1, which is the NJ Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) limit for residential soils. Sequential extractions indicated lowest Pb concentrations in the exchangeable fraction (0–211 mg kg−1), with highest concentrations (0–3002 mg kg−1) in the oxidizable and reducible fractions. For samples with Pb > 400 mg kg−1, Pb distribution was mostly uniform in particle size fractions of <0.125–1 mm, with slightly higher Pb concentrations in the <0.125 mm fraction. XAFS analysis confirmed that Pb was predominantly associated with pyromorphite, iron–manganese oxides and organic matter. Overall results showed that lowest concentrations of Pb are detected in raised beds, whereas uncultivated native soil and parking lot samples had highest values of Pb. As most of the Pb is associated with reducible and oxidizable soil fractions, there is a lower risk of mobility and bioavailability. However, Pb exposure through ingestion and inhalation pathways is still of concern when directly handling the soil. With increasing interest in urban farming in cities across the USA, this study highlights the need for awareness of soil contaminants and the utility of coupled macroscopic and molecular-scale geochemical techniques to understand the distribution and speciation of soil Pb.

ОТ ГОЭЛРО ДО ЭЛЕКТРОРОБОТИЗАЦИИ АПК. К 90-ЛЕТИЮ ФНАЦ ВИМ

For almost 100 years that have passed from GOELRO to the ECO-1VK project (Electro-Robotic organic plants of the 1st modification of Valentin Krausp), new theoretical positions are developed, practical solutions made under the guidance of the founders of scientific schools, including the author of this article, are found and patented, and subsequent scientific and technical, technological and complex interdisciplinary solutions for electrification, automation and electrobotization of agricultural conveyor machine technologies are shown. (Research purpose). The research purpose is in analyzing the time stages of development and implementation of industrial technologies in agricultural production. (Materials and methods). The research materials are historical documents, archives, and scientific works of famous scientists who laid the foundations for the development of electrification, automation, and robotics in the agro-industrial complex. (Results and discussion). Author analyzed the stages of development and implementation of electrification, automation and robotization of agricultural production. The article describes each stage, notes their advantages and features. The article presents the final stage of creating conveyor technologies for food production in the full "field-shop" cycle, in which the main role is played by electric robotics and intellectualization of production and processing of organic waste into fertilizer. (Conclusions) The article highlights the history of the development of agricultural science and the author's youth scientific school. International cooperation through CMEA has allowed us to reach the international level in the automation of dairy farming. It also allowed the developing of mathematical optimizations of technologies for dairy farms and fattening of young farm animals. Research has been conducted and have been developed integrated automation systems with automated control systems for farms in dairy farming. The author's developed model design of ECO-1VK modular plant of 1st modification, which comprehensively solved all the problems: social by creating agricultural cities that provides youth in urban life; brought a new generation of youth: cyber-zoo-technologists, veterinarians, engineers, managers. The ecological cleanliness of feed production fields is ensured; animals are kept in natural conditions without the use of antibiotics; milk and meat are processed into organic food.

ТЕПЛИЦЫ С ТЕХНОЛОГИЕЙ УЗКОСТЕЛЛАЖНОЙ ГИДРОПОНИКИ НА ОСНОВЕ ЦИФРОВЫХ СИСТЕМ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

Currently, many foreign greenhouse manufacturers use elements of digital technologies and hydroponics systems. Almost all manufacturers of systems and equipment in this class are foreign companies. Work on creating modern domestic digital controlled systems for growing agricultural crops is relevant and in demand in Russia. The Moscow Polytechnic University conducts studies and development research aimed at creating software and intelligent technologies for controlling and regulating the microclimate in greenhouses and hydroponic installations. Based on mathematical models of the microclimate systems for complete automation of plants growing process and automatic maintenance of optimal microclimate parameters, remotely using a phone or tablet PC, have been designed and implemented. The article presents a mathematical model of the greenhouse microclimate. One of the most promising directions is considered; it is a technology of multi-level shelving and narrow-shelving hydroponics. A functional diagram of the greenhouse microclimate control is given. This method allows to increase the used volume of greenhouses up to 25-30 pcs. plants per 1 sq. m of greenhouse area, the number of crop rotations up to 4-5 per year. Reducing water and nutrient solution consumption per unit of production by 2.0-2.5 times compared to drip irrigation greenhouses is provided. The amount of soil in comparison with low-volume substrate technology with drip irrigation is reduction by 4-6 times. The amount of nitrates in products is reduced by 8-10 times compared to the standard. The method of growing agricultural crops does not require much physical effort, unlike traditional crop production. Greenhouses with narrow-rack hydroponics technology based on digital control systems provide an increase in the efficiency of crop production; they are an environmentally friendly technology for growing seedlings, vegetables, berries, flowers and green crops. The technology can be used both in high-tech large-scale industries, agricultural holdings, city farms, and in family businesses on personal plots.

Non-negligible regional differences in the driving forces of crop-related water footprint and virtual water flows: A case study for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Water scarcity is a significant risk for meeting increasing food demand around the world. The importance of identifying the driving forces behind water consumption in agriculture and relative virtual water (VW) flows has been widely reported in order to provide practical advice for regional sustainable agricultural water resource management. However, the differences of regional driving forces behind both water consumption and VW flows were largely ignored. To fill the crucial gap, taking nine major crops grown in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region in China over 2000–2013 as the study case, we investigated the regional differences in socio-economic driving forces on both the estimated water footprint (WF) in crop production and relative inter-city VW flows for each crop per year. Results show that although there is little change in total WFs in crop production (∼43.3 billion m3/y on annual average), the WF per unit mass of crop decreased and the crop structure in the total WFs changed greatly. The BTH region was a VW importer with net VW import of 11.7 billion m3/y by 2013 but the roles of each cities were different. Inter-city VW was predominantly exported from the southern regions. The per capita GDP was the main positive driver of both total WFs and relative VW flows. Whereas economic productivity and consumption capacity were inhibiting factors for the WFs and VW flows, respectively. The levels of total crop WFs in agricultural cities were more sensitive to the effects of the main driving factors. The intensity of driving factors behind the inter-regional crop-related VW flows was shown to be directly related to regional role as an importer or exporter. Aiming for a balance between water sustainability, food security and economic developments, the current analysis suggests characteristic-based agriculture in terms of regional differences in water consumption and local roles in relative inter-regional VW flows. Especially for agricultural cities which are VW exporters, reducing water consumption per unit agricultural product and increasing economic production value per drop of water used in all sectors are equally important.

Detection Beta-lactam residues in imported and local dairy products in Mosul city

Two hundred and forty samples of milk products were examined for ß-Lactam antibiotics residues by using a quantitive technique (Sandwich-ELISA). Basically, the study comprised three different dairy farm animals (buffalo, cow, and sheep), the samples were collected from Mosul city farms, and compared to imported dairy products from exotic sources. Apparent ß-Lactam residues were found most of the milk products, considerably local and imported products. In terms of local milk products were 50% of cow, 60% of sheep, and 20% of buffalo mostly free from antibiotic residue. In contrast, imported milk products were 90% of cow, 70% of Sheep, and 10% of buffalo, also free from antibiotic residue and suitable for human consumption. However, there were many samples of milk products contaminated with ß-Lactam residue, in particular, buffalo products were high concentrations of ß-Lactam compounds, regardless of whether local and imported products. With respect to cow products, 50 % of local samples compared to 10 % of imported samples were contaminated with ß-Lactam residues. Whereas in sheep products, 40% of local products compared to 30% of imported products were high concentration of antibiotic residues. Surprisingly, for all samples of this study, it has been noticed within the same product, the concentration of ß-Lactam was high level in cheese and cream compared to milk raw, however, in yogurt were decreased sharply 45% compared to cream, cheese, and milk respectively.

City farming as a promising area for the urbanization of agricultural production and the development of the Smart City concept

City farming as a promising area for the urbanization of agricultural production and the development of the Smart City concept

The role of vertical farming in re-thinking and re-designing cities within a circular perspective

One of the key issues of the contemporary city is “urban voids”, characterized by disused buildings. Such spaces can be the starting point for a new urban setting, where the city reconnects to the rural environment. Vertical farming can be a new paradigm connecting these often-opposed concepts, bringing several advantages. This paper presents an experimental case study about a typical situation in a peripheral context of the city of Trento. An industrial building under decommissioning is restored as a vertical farm through a circular economy perspective, combining natural resources with ICT, consumption, and reuse processes. , ,

Agricultural injuries encountered in Giresun, which is an agricultural city of Turkey

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the demographic and clinical features of gardening injuries in an agricultural city and to provide some suggestions to reduce the incidence of agricultural injuries. Methods: This study assessed 419 gardening injuries that were admitted to the emergency department of Giresun University Prof. Dr. Ilhan Özdemir Training and Research Hospital between June 30, 2015 and November 1, 2015. We retrospectively examined all the documents, x-rays, tomographies, and tomography reports related to the cases. Results: Falls from a height (19.3%), falls (31.5%), foreign body crashes (FBCs) (14.8%), sharp-penetrating object injuries (SPOIs) (29.8%), and motorized/motorless device injuries (MMDIs) (4.5%) were the major categories of gardening injuries. Most of the falls from a height were from a tree (86%), primarily fig trees (54.3%). SPOIs primarily affected the hand-wrist area with 82 cases (65.6%); the most common sharp tools that caused injury were sickle-scythes (47.2%) and axes (35.2%). FBCs frequently affected the eyes (48.4%) and head region (17.7%), and tree branches were the most common foreign bodies causing such crashes (38.7%). MMDIs were caused primarily by haymaker harvester machines (42%). Three cases died (0.7%), and 305 cases (72.8%) were discharged after emergency treatment. Additionally, 115 cases (27.5%) were hospitalized, 11 cases underwent urgent surgery, and 63 cases underwent elective surgery. Using uncuttable gloves, socks, and knee-guards could prevent 88% of SPOIs. Furthermore, eyewear and head guards could prevent 60.1% of FBC injuries.The usage of fall arrest equipment particularly for only fig and pear tree types could prevent 68.6% of the falls from a tree. Conclusions: Gardening injuries are significant traumas in agricultural regions. By implementing simple and cheap security measures, we can prevent destrucitive traumas.

Prediction Model of the Logistics Chain Development of Agricultural Products in Port City

Wu, S.; Wang, Q.; Walt, W., and Lei, G., 2020. Prediction model of the economic development of agricultural products logistics chain in port city. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 753–756. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In this work, a now prediction model for the economic development of port city's agricultural products logistics chain is proposed. Based on the prediction model, the port city's farm products logistics chain economic development data were extracted, and the overall logistics chain economic development prediction evaluation was carried out. Design simulation experiment, compare the design model and big data port city agricultural products logistics chain economic development prediction model error rate, prove the effectiveness of the study.

Spatial Structure Evaluation of Natural Secondary Forest around Dongting Lake Based on Entropy Weight - Cloud Model

Li, X.; Zhang, G., and Li, J., 2020. Spatial structure evaluation of natural secondary forest around Dongting Lake based on entropy weight - cloud model. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 484–489. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In order to provide theoretical support for the formulation of optimized measures of stand spatial structure, 15 sample plots are set up in Daweishan Nature Reserve, Longhushan national forest farm in Yuanjiang City and Lutou national forest farm in Pingjiang County to analyze and evaluate the stand spatial structure of natural secondary forest around Dongting Lake. After determining the spatial structure unit of trees by Voronoi diagram, the five indicators including mingling degree, neighborhood comparison, openness comparison index, neighborhood pattern and angle competition index are segmented to correspond to the five grades of stand spatial structure divided by the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Then through the comprehensive assessment on stand spatial structure by entropy weight-cloud model, the fifteen plots are evaluated as grade III and grade IV, respectively accounting for two-thirds and one-thirds of all plots, which indicates that the reasonable stand spatial structure of natural secondary forest around Dongting Lake is above the average. As a new evaluation method of stand spatial structure, the entropy weight-cloud model has solved the issue of qualitative and quantitative conversion, and objectively calculate the weights of indicators, so as to enrich the evaluation methods of stand spatial structure, overcome the one-way evaluation by single indicator, improve the objectivity and scientificity of evaluation results, and provide theoretical basis for the scientific guidance of stand spatial structure optimization.

Glyphosate, the herbicide that become a nightmare and the Precautionary Principle

ABSTRACT Glyphosate, known by the trademark Roundup®, is the most popular herbicide today and is used for weed control on agricultural fields and city streets. The exposure of human beings to glyphosate, even when they do not manipulate this chemical, is very widespread. Several studies have shown that this compound is now present in common foods, water, and in the urine of a large part of the population. Results of several assessments point to glyphosate as a carcinogenic substance for human beings, but the chemical industry argues that this substance is innocuous and very useful, even indispensable, in crop protection. This paper considers the contradictory reports, uncertainty, public disquiet, and legal dimension.

СИТИ-ФЕРМЕРСТВО КАК ПЕРСПЕКТИВНОЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОПРОИЗВОДСТВА

The growing population of the Earth demands more food. New solutions are needed: modernization and increasing the efficiency of the entire production system and the level of food security. One of the most promising areas of agriculture today is the so-called city farming, which implies the establishment of farms for growing crops and animals in urban areas. The review of the main technologies of city farming, their technological features and design options is given. The aim of the presented study was to increase the level of urban agricultural production, in particular indoor greenhouses, on the basis of digital, intellectually advising control systems. The technical task in designing a room greenhouse was to increase productivity by automating the process of growing plants, maintaining optimal microclimate parameters, and controlling the process of plant growth remotely using a phone or tablet. Several modifications have been developed that are currently being introduced into production, based on hydroponics, aeroponics and aquaponics. For experimental research, a laboratory setup based on the Arduino platform was developed. Tested equipment has shown its performance. These recommendations will help grow plants with minimal time spent on caring for them. Using the proposed robotic room greenhouse allows you to get fresh vegetables, berries and greens all year round in an apartment or office, regardless of season and climate, automate the process of growing various crops, and control the growth process remotely

OCCURRENCE OF SHIGELLA SPECIES IN RAW MILK AND KAREISH CHEESE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS VIRULENCE GENES

A total number of 100 random samples of raw milk and kareish cheese (50 for each) were collected from Assiut city farms and dairy shops. Shigella species were isolated, confirmed biochemically and by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Also two virulence genes; invasive gene (invC) and plasmid- encoded virulence gene (ipaH) were identified using PCR technique. 10 isolated strains of Shigella isolates (37%) from dairy milk samples and 13 isolates (43%) from kareish cheese were identified as following: S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. sonnei and S. boydii. The two virulence genes; (invC) and (ipaH) were detected in only six and four strains of the identified Shigella species, respectively. Four of them had both the virulence genes (isolated from milk and cheese samples). Even though conventional culture is considered the gold standard for Shigella detection and the PCR method is a useful tool which complements detection of foodborne pathogens such as Shigella. Chitosan was evaluated in this study as antibacterial substance on the identified Shigella strains by inoculating it in pasteurized milk, using 3 different concentrations: 0.25, 0.5 and 1% of chitosan. Chitosan reduced the inoculated Shigella strain mean counts with highly significant effect (P<0.01) at the 6th day reached to 2.10 ±0.17, 1.00 ±0.30 and th day we noticed that chitosan concentration of 0.5% only was highly significant (P<0.05). Generally, the 0.5% chitosan concentration showed the highly reduction effect on the count and survival of the Shigella strain involved.

Establishment and evaluation of anthropogenic black and organic carbon emissions over Central Plain, China

The Central China represented by Henan Province is one of the most haze-polluted regions in China with high levels of black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) emissions. In this study, a 2016-based BC and OC emission inventory of Henan Province was developed based on detailed activity data and latest emission factors from different sources involving particulate matter. The total annual emissions of BC and OC were estimated to be 117.6 kt and 162.8 kt, respectively. Industrial process (44.2%) and industrial combustion (17.0%) were the top two contributors for BC emission, whereas OC emission was mainly from biomass burning (36.8%). Typical industrial cities were the major contributors to BC emission, by contrast, relatively higher OC emission was concentrated on agricultural cities in the southeast of Henan Province. The OC/BC ratios of industrial cities were generally lower than those of southeastern agricultural cities. The monthly variations presented that the highest BC and OC emissions were concentrated in January and June, respectively. Overall, in this study, the quantitative uncertainty ranges on the 95% confidence interval were approximately −30%–47% for BC and −38%–65% for OC. The emission inventory was also verified by qualitative comparison with other studies and indirect evaluation of OCpri/EC ratios, and the result was within a reasonable range. The ways of discussion and evaluation in this study can provide reference for other regions.

Correlation Studies of Arsenic Level In Drinking Water and Blood Samples of Females in District Sheikhupura, Pakistan

Arsenic contamination of drinking water has become a major health concern all over the world. Pakistan is also facing an arsenic contamination in drinking water. The present study determine the correlation of arsenic level in drinking water and blood sample of females of District Sheikhupura, Pakistan. The study area for the present research work is District Sheikhupura, which is an industrial as well as an agricultural city in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The arsenic concentration in drinking water from different sources used by the inhabitants and blood samples of females was measured by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The drinking water of tehsils Sheikhupura and Sharaqpur had higher arsenic as compared to other tehsils (64.25 ± 2.55 μg L-1 and 61.63 ± 2.73 μg L-1) respectively, and was highest in all hands pumping water (71.14 ± 2.6μg L-1). Mean arsenic concentration in blood samples was highest in the age group of 23-25 years (3.2 ± 0.23 μg L-1) and being highest among respondents of tehsil Sheikhupura. A positive correlation between drinking water and blood samples when analyzed with respect to area and drinking water sources was found. Evidences suggest that the presence of arsenic in drinking water is likely to affect general metabolism and its accumulation in human. This appears to be linked with exposure of varying magnitude and duration.

MODEL, MOTIVASI DAN KENDALA MASYARAKAT DALAM MELAKUKAN PERTANIAN KOTA (URBAN FARMING) DI KOTA SURABAYA

Urban farming can be a government effort to strengthen the country's food security, improve the economy of the people, improve the ecology of the city, maintain the social and cultural values ​​of Indonesia. In Surabaya there are still many people who aren’t maximal in applying the agriculture city, agriculture is still minimal so that the urban farming model that is implemented is still simple not in accordance with the situation without regard to its impact based on the background of this research. The purpose of this study is 1). Identify the application of urban farming models in the city of Surabaya 2). Knowing the motivation of the community to do urban agriculture and 3). Knowing the obstacles experienced by the community in implementing urban agriculture in the city of Surabaya. The results of the study found that the urban farming model that is mostly carried out by the people of Surabaya in sequence is hydroponics, followed by verticulture, fisheries and finally the rooftop garden. The motivation of the Surabaya community in conducting urban agriculture in sequence is mostly to increase income, utilize empty land, channel farming hobbies, and utilize green open space (RTH). Constraints or problems faced by the community in conducting urban agriculture are mostly sequentially attacked by plant pests, lack of capital to develop, barriers due to extreme weather and lack of experience and knowledge in urban agriculture. DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/adv.v8i1.1612

Sources of carcinogenic risks for atmosphere of Irkutsk Region cities

In the paper, the authors compared the dynamics of the carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene content in the atmospheric air of the Irkutsk Region cities and the cancer morbidity of the population. Further, the authors estimated benzo(a)pyrene emissions from “low” power heat sources (boiler houses and household furnaces). Dependences of the content of benzo(a)pyrene in the atmosphere of cities on its gross emissions by “small” heat sources, on the area of forest fires are found. The study showed their impact, as well as the impact of motor transport and forest fires on the state of the atmosphere of industrial and agricultural cities of the region. The authors drew a conclusion about the contribution of man-made and natural sources to the atmospheric pollution with benzo(a)pyrene, and about the need to define it and develop measures to reduce emissions.

Crash patterns in two Chinese secondary cities, with comparisons to crash patterns in the United States

Objective: Evaluations of drink-driving crash interventions and crash burden in middle-income countries often rely on assumptions supported by data from the United States. We described crashes using pooled survey data across 2 Chinese agricultural cities in the 600,000 population range and then assessed comparability of selected crash characteristics to those in the United States.Methods: We conducted household interviews on drinking and related harms with representative samples of 1,500 people aged 18 and over in both Jiangshan and Lanxi, China. Near the end of the survey, 2,962 people responded to questions about motor vehicle crashes during the past year. We report survey data weighted to match the population demographically.Results: Across the 2 cities, 28% of adults were licensed drivers and 24% drove a motorized vehicle. Fifty-three respondents (unweighted) reported that they personally were involved in at least one crash in the past year. Among these, 32% (weighted) were driving a car, truck, or bus; 7.5% were driving a motorcycle; 9.5% were pedalcyclists; 17% were pedestrians; and 34% were passengers. Of the crashes, 42% involved just one motorized vehicle. Most crashes (62%) occurred in broad daylight, followed by at dawn or dusk (19%) and at night (19%). Only 4% were single-vehicle nighttime crashes. Someone was injured or killed in 22% of crashes. Respondents thought it likely that at least one driver was drinking alcohol in 21% of the crashes and thought it unlikely in 51%; the remaining 28% were unsure whether anyone was drinking or refused this question. Alcohol involvement was similar in injury and no-injury crashes. Respondents thought a driver had been drinking in 24% of daytime crashes, 34% of crashes at dawn or dusk, and 36% of nighttime crashes. All 3 crashes involving an alcohol-involved pedestrian or pedalcyclist also included an alcohol-involved driver. Respondents said that 40% of the crashes were reported to the police and 40% were not reported; the remaining 20% of respondents did not know whether anyone reported their crash. Among crashes where reporting status was known, all crashes with injuries were reported.Conclusions: Compared to published data, crash rates are similar among licensed drivers in the United States and these Chinese cities. The percentage of crashes that involved injury did not differ significantly between the 2 countries. Injury crashes were well reported in both. Crashes involving property damage only were significantly less likely to be reported to the police in the Chinese cities. Alcohol involvement rates in crashes were similar. Although our crash sample was small, some crash parameters appear to be transferable between these 2 countries.