City Strategies Research Articles

Small Things Matter: Unraveling the Transitional Process of Localized Sustainable City Strategies into Practice in Edinburgh City 2030's Net Zero Carbon Plan

Small Things Matter: Unraveling the Transitional Process of Localized Sustainable City Strategies into Practice in Edinburgh City 2030's Net Zero Carbon Plan

Exploring the Role of Smart City Strategies in Fostering Entrepreneurship in Small and Medium Sized Cities of India: A Case Study of Indore and Satna

Exploring the Role of Smart City Strategies in Fostering Entrepreneurship in Small and Medium Sized Cities of India: A Case Study of Indore and Satna

Sustainable and Future-Oriented Urban Development in Vienna & Barcelona

The current situation in urban areas and the increasing proportion of the world's population living in cities are leading to massive sustainability problems, which is why buzzwords such as sustainability, environmental protection, global warming, the Internet of Things and smart cities are omnipresent. Taking Vienna and Barcelona as examples, this paper tries to find out, how modern cities deal with these current challenges. The basis for this quantitative content analysis are the so-called "Urban Development Plans" (UDP), which record not only the current situation but also future developments. The UDP can thus be used as a basis for advising politicians by urban planners and serves the political leadership as an instrument or as a decision-making or orientation aid. It can ultimately be concluded that modern cities have a crucial role in sustainable development and thus play a central position in the application of advanced technologies to support sustainable urbanisation. In short, urban growth raises a variety of issues that threaten the sustainability of cities, as it places a huge burden on urban systems and ecosystem services. Clearly, major advances in urban design are needed to address these problems and specific issues. In this regard, modern cities are required to develop or implement more innovative solutions and sophisticated approaches, as this is necessary not only to monitor cities, but rather to understand, analyse and plan them. Ultimately, this work tries to find out whether there are differences in the smart city strategies of Vienna and Barcelona, or whether both cities - although spatially separated - have the same points on their agenda.

Analysis of MICE Competition Among International Conference Cities: Using Niche Theory

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the competition among international conference cities in South Korea by applying the theory, which is useful for understanding the relationships among individual (industry) groups competing for limited resources. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, data on MICE events (government meeting, corporate meeting, association/group meeting, etc.) held in 2019 in 10 international conference cities including the hosting organizations, event topics, event scales, and conference facilities were completely enumerated, and analyses were attempted. Findings: As a result of the breadth analysis, Changwon (host organization, event topic), Daejeon (event topic, event scale), and Goyang (conference facility) were found to have strong specialized natures. Meanwhile, as a result of the overlap analysis, it was found that Daegu and Gyeongju were in competition with each other according to hosting organizations, Jeju and Gwangju, and Busan and Daejeon according to the scales of events, and Seoul and Daegu, and Changwon and Incheon according to the types of events, Daejeon and Goyang according to event topics, and Changwon and Daegu, and Changwon and Seoul according to conference facilities. Research limitations/implications: Through the findings of this study, implications helpful for the establishment of differentiation strategies for international conference cities were provided. Therefore, although efforts were made to collect data close to complete enumeration, the possibility that there may be missing data cannot be eliminated. Originality/value: This study is meaningful in that presents strategies that help establish differentiation strategies for each International conference cities.

THE ROLE OF GEOMATICS ENGINEER IN SMART CITIES: A VIEW WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF TURKISH 2020–2023 NATIONAL SMART CITIES STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN

Abstract. The development of technology resulted major revolutions in the cities. With the integration of technological developments into cities, the concept of smart cities began to emerge. Today, applications are made on smart cities in many countries. It is not possible to build a smart city without geographic data. It is one of the main duties of Geomatics Engineers to produce, use, process and finalize the geographic data and present it to the user. In this study, referring to the role of Geomatics Engineer in smart cities across Turkey 2020-2023 National Smart Cities Strategy and Action Plan framework is made in the investigations. When this plan is examined, it is seen that the importance of geographical/geo-spatial data and geo-information technologies for the realization of smart cities is an undeniable fact. In the 2020–2023 National Smart Cities Strategy and Action Plan, it has been clearly demonstrated that Geographic Information Systems and Geographic Information Technologies have a great role in creating smart cities.

THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SMART CITY APPLICATIONS: PREFACE

Abstract. This Conference Proceedings volume contains the written versions of the contributions presented during the 6th International Conference on Smart City Applications.The event had been planned to organized in Safranbolu Campus of Karabuk University, Turkey. Then, it has been converted to the online conference because of the Covid-19 situation. It took place with the motto of “Virtual Safranbolu” by inspiring historical UNESCO Heritage city Safranbolu, on October 27–29, 2021. The conference provided a setting for discussing recent developments in a wide variety of topics including Geo-Smart Information Systems, Smart Cities, 3D City Modeling and Visualization, Smart Building and Home Automation, Smart Environment and Smart Agriculture, Location Based Services, GeoInformation for Mobile, Wearable Technologies and Wireless Sensor Networks, Building Information Modeling, Virtual and Augmented Reality, Big Data and Urban Data Analytics, Smart Healthcare, Smart Economy and Digital Business, Smart Education and Intelligent Learning System, and etc.The event has been a good opportunity for the more than 400 participants coming from 43 countries of the world to present and discuss topics in their respective research areas. In addition, five keynote speakers presented latest achievements on their fields; Domingos Santos “Smart Cities Strategies: Critical Sucess Factors”, Mohsen Kalantari Soltanieh “Smart buildings to Smart cities – The role of BIM and GIS integration”, Ksentini Adlen, “Zero Touch Management and Orchestration of Network Slices in 5G and Beyond Networks”, Bakr M.Aly Ahmed, “Smart Sustainable Urbanism”, Yusuf Arayıcı, “Design for Energy:Prosumer Buildings”.The 86 papers that were selected as a result of review process and presented during the conference were accepted for the final publication in the ISPRS Archives.We would like to thank all participants, organizing and scientific committee members, and session chairs for their contributions to the conference program and these Proceedings.

Koncepcja smart city a COVID-19. Wykorzystanie nowych mediów w obliczu pandemii

This article aims at examining the use of the potential of media in the urban space in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic on the example of the largest city in Poland – Warsaw. The author analyses the so-called new media, which were created on the basis of information and communication technologies, paying attention to both the channel (soft infrastructure) and the medium (hard infrastructure). The main research method is the case study of the mentioned city, which allows identifying good and bad practices in the use of new media in the city and the strategic objectives of the analysed cities. The study is based on the analysis of literature, strategic documents, brochures and websites. The research hypothesis is that the city authorities of Warsaw, adapting the smart city strategy during the pandemic, develops a communication system based on the Internet platform. The research results show that the municipal authorities in Warsaw are implementing the smart city concept by using new forms of media and technology as both targets and tools for its implementation. During the pandemic, the city’s various digital media were developed with content dedicated to COVID-19, and activities dedicated to informing and communicating with residents are undertaken through Warszawa 19115 platform.

Socially structured model for COVID-19 pandemic: design and evaluation of control measures

Governments around the world are taking different measures to deal with the novel severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. In this sense, realistic mathematical models are important tools to explore the effect of different control strategies. In this work, we developed an agent-based model for COVID-19 disease dynamics which incorporates a basic social structure to simulate different control strategies in mid-size cities. We evaluated the impact of combinations of social distancing measures, such as contact tracing/case isolation, school closures and partial lockdowns for workplaces on the evolution of hospital beds occupancy. The contact tracing/case isolation modeled in most cases cannot prevent hospital beds saturation by itself. Our results suggest that schools, without strong social distancing measures, may be an important driver of the epidemic. Household and workplace people distribution is also an important factor to consider when studying the impact of control measures.

A local smart city approach in the context of smart environment and urban resilience

Purpose Although smart city studies have increased recently, smart city discussions are made based on general concepts not specific to the region. The region-specific local smart city strategy in the built environment is key to climate resilience in the built environment in the face of natural disasters. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the smart environment, which expresses the spatial dimension of smart cities. This research defines a region-specific smart city model and revealing the role of this model in the resilience against disasters of the built environment. Design/methodology/approach The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method was conducted in four steps. In Step 1, the authors suggested new smart environmental assessment criteria with climatic and geographical data within the scope of the collective mind of the region. In Step 2, they determined the expert group to evaluate within the scope of the AHP method and then compared the significance levels of the current and suggested smart environmental assessment criteria by the AHP method. Findings From the results, it turned out that smart urbanization processes, which are trying to relate to local characteristics, are of great importance in terms of ensuring urban resilience. The results also highlight that the existing smart environmental assessment criteria in the literature are insufficient to ensure the climatic resilience of the built environment in the face of natural disasters. Research limitations/implications The study is in an intermediary section, which has a gap in the literature due to its subject. Although it has focused on an acute problem and a current research problem, the lack of literature on the field has been a limitation. Determining the cities where the field studies would be conducted has been a major limitation. For an objective hypothesis test within the scope of the AHP method, the sample group should consist of experts working in smart city projects in cities that are in the top 3 in five different smart city rankings, where field studies are conducted. Within this limited cluster, creating a large sample group was an important limitation. Originality/value This research looks into the existing gaps of the relation between climate resilience of the built environment and the local smart city approach. This examination will foster a holistic approach in the practice of sustainable smart city in the built environment, thus reinforcing urban resilience and climate studies in the context of smart cities.

Innovative Urban Design Strategies for a Traditional City. The Case of Gjirokastra

Innovative Urban Design Strategies for a Traditional City. The Case of Gjirokastra

An integrated optimization approach using a collaborative strategy for sustainable cities freight transportation: A Case study

• Logistics collaboration is studied in the planning of sustainable city freight transportation. • An integrated and collaborative approach is proposed for sustainable freight logistics networks. • Three sustainability dimensions are considered. • A case study is conducted to show the applicability of proposed approach and the effects of collaboration on the sustainable development of the society and the environment. In recent years, the increasing freight transportation activities has caused extensive economic, environmental and social impacts on society. Therefore, it becomes necessary for logistics companies to find high-performance strategies to enhance their sustainability. Collaboration between companies appears as one of the promising solution that improves the freight transport efficiency of modern cities. Existing studies on collaborative transport did not sufficiently account for sustainability aspects and they mainly discuss the independent planning of decision-making problems with economic objectives. However, collaboration an integrated decision-making process can significantly ameliorate the effectiveness of urban transportation systems. This study addresses the issue of sustainable freight transportation planning by formulating and solving a collaborative and integrated two-echelon inventory, location and routing problem (2E-CILRP). The 2E-CILRP is formulated as a multi-objective integer programming model that minimizes logistics costs, C O 2 emissions and accident rate. A hybrid heuristic based on machine learning is also introduced to solve the studied problem. The proposed approach combines k -means clustering and genetic algorithms. Comparison of the obtained results with those provided with exact method reveals that the developed approach is more efficient and more practical for designing integrated and collaborative networks with large-sized data. A case study of four agri-food SMEs in France is investigated in order to demonstrate the sustainable benefits of the developed optimization approach. The obtained results suggest that the developed approach can significantly reduce the level of C O 2 emissions, logistics costs and accident rate caused by transportation in cities.

The effect of COVID-19 on the distribution of PM10 pollution classes of vehicles: Comparison between 2020 and 2018

A recent study by Pini et al. (2021), focusing on year 2018, demonstrated that different strategies should be considered in different Italian cities to mitigate the effects of PM10 pollution produced by circulating cars and commercial vehicles. The current study focuses on year 2020, considering the same ten Italian cities. This new study relies on the estimation of specific indices used to assess the size of the different circulating vehicle fleets (vehicle yearly mileage, diesel-fuel car and LCV fleet dimension, etc.) and their impact on PM10 pollution (Strength of Pollution). Results for 2020, severely affected by vehicular restrictions associated with COVID-19, indicate the need to adopt PM10 pollution reduction strategies for the various cities partially different from those identified earlier. For example, Euro 4 cars is the fleet having the highest impact on PM10 pollution in Rome (emitting 3,3 times more than Euro 6 vehicles), while in Milan the most polluting vehicles are Euro 0 cars (emitting 2 times more than Euro 6 vehicles). In Naples, Euro 0 cars emit 12,5 times more than Euro 6 vehicles. A careful look into the results also reveals that, for all considered cities, the three top fleets in terms of PM10 pollution always include Euro 4 or a higher Euro category fleet and a lower Euro category fleet (Euro 0 or Euro 3). These values were validated based on the use of pollution data from ground monitoring stations, which also allowed estimating the atmospheric mixing layer height. Results from the paper suggest that different incentivization policies have to be considered for the different considered cities. For example, in Naples the allocation of incentives should be ~60% towards new vehicles and ~40% towards recent used (i.e. second-hand) non-diesel vehicles, while in Florence it should be ~90% towards ECVs and ~10% towards recent used non-diesel vehicles.

Development characteristics, influencing mechanism and coping strategies of resource-based cities in developing countries: a case study of urban agglomeration in Northeast China.

The transformation of resource-based cities and coordinated regional development are of great value to global urbanization and sustainable economic development in developing countries. Based on Landsat satellite monitoring data and urban economic data, statistical analysis and geospatial model were used to analyze the characteristics of urban development in urban agglomeration in Northeast China from 2000 to 2020, and the influencing mechanism was quantitatively revealed. The results show that the expansion of urban agglomerations rate reached its peak from 2005 to 2010, and then the expansion rate continued to decline. The resources of central cities were concentrated, while the development of sub-central cities was weak. The overall urbanization rate slows down, the scale difference between high-order cities and low-order cities expands, and the regional urban system shifts from balanced development to polarized development. The overall development of urban agglomerations shows a centripetal agglomeration characteristic centered on the Harbin Changchun-Daqing and Central and southern Liaoning Economic belt. Its west expands faster than the East, and its south expands faster than the north. The driving factors of urban agglomeration development are mainly administrative power, followed by market power, external power and weak internal power. From the point of time and space, the external power is on the rise, while the internal power is affected by the industrial adjustment and lacks the staying power. In view of the coordinated development of resource-based cities, this paper proposes to establish the linkage and coordination mechanism of integrated development of urban agglomeration, speed up the construction of unified market system, carry out transformation positioning according to market demand and implement differentiation policy.

Projects aimed at smart cities: a hybrid MCDA evaluation approach

ABSTRACT Project evaluation is a process that involves multiple decision criteria for different objectives and involves several specialists, becoming a complex decision-making process. In this sense, to reduce projects evaluation subjectivity in start-ups selection processes, this paper aims at structuring an evaluation model to select projects that present business models focused on strategies for smart cities. To test the proposed model, it was considered a smart cities project selection program in a medium-size city located on southside of Brazil. To do so, it was considered a multicriteria analysis method, in which relevant evaluation criteria for projects focused on intelligent cities were identified. Subsequently, Decision-Making And Trial Evaluation Laboratories (DEMATEL) method was used to weigh these identified evaluation criteria and, finally, TOPSIS method was instantiated to select the best alternative – the evaluated projects – among all alternatives. As a result, the multicriteria proposed model proved to be efficient in evaluating projects aimed at smart cities concepts, showing that the use of MCDA methods can minimise uncertainty and bias in evaluating projects in a quantitative approach.

Concepts for Modeling Smart Cities

The rapid increase and adoption of new Information Technologies (IT) in Smart Cities make the provision of public services more efficient. However, various municipalities and cities deal with challenges to transform and digitize city services. Smart Cities have a high degree of complexity where offered city services must respond to the concerns and goals of multiple stakeholders. These city services must also involve diverse data sources, multi-domain applications, and heterogeneous systems and technologies. Enterprise Architecture (EA) is an instrument to deal with complexity in both private and public organizations. The paper defines the concepts for modeling Smart Cities in ArchiMate, guided by a design-oriented research approach. Particularly, the focus of this paper is on the concepts for modeling city services and underlying information systems which are added to the EA metamodel. The metamodel is demonstrated in a real-world case and validated by Smart City domain experts. The findings suggest that these concepts are essential to achieve the Smart City strategy (e.g., city goals and objectives), as well as to meet the needs of different city stakeholders. Furthermore, an extension mechanism allows addressing the alignment of business and IT in complex environments such as Smart Cities, by adjusting EA metamodels and notations. This can help cities to design, visualize, and communicate architecture decisions when managing the transformation and digitalization of public services.

PENGGUNAAN MASKOT SEBAGAI BAGIAN DARI CITY BRANDING KOTA MALANG (STUDI KASUS: OSI DAN JI)

In this modern era, cities play an important role in the country's development strategy, urban planners and designers and all stakeholders build a strong image and reputation in order to compete between cities and introduce them to the world for sources of regional cash income. City branding is one of the city's strategies to display uniqueness so that it is easily recognized and as a differentiator between a city. Currently, many cities in Indonesia have implemented a city ​​branding strategy and some have mascots as part of their city ​​branding. Mascot is part of the visualization of city ​​branding which has a role to strengthen brand identity. Malang City is one of the big cities in Indonesia that has implemented a city ​​branding strategy, namely Beautiful Malang. The city of Malang also has a mascot which is part of the city ​​branding of the city of Malang, namely the mascot of Osiji which is the official mascot of the Malang City government.
 This research is a study that examines the Osiji mascot in terms of its application. This study discusses the use of the Osiji mascot as part of the city ​​branding strategy of Malang City and how the visual perception arises from the application of the mascot. The purpose of this research is to find out the strategy that has been implemented by the Malang city government in applying the Osiji mascot as part of the city ​​branding of Malang City and to know the visual perception created from the application of the Osiji mascot. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The theory used in this research is Gestalt's theory of visual perception and Anholt's The City Brand Hexagon theory. The final results in this study indicate that the city ​​branding of Malang through Osiji is considered less than optimal so that the popularity of Osiji has not been able to strengthen the positive image of Malang City. The low popularity of the Osiji mascot is due to the application strategy that does not consider the design principles and concepts of city ​​branding.

Assessment of a meteorological mesoscale model's capability to simulate intra-urban thermal variability in a tropical city

Model-based studies investigating the spatial and temporal variability of air temperature are commonly employed to assess heat mitigation strategies in cities. To generate reliable predictions, it is therefore important that models are capable to accurately predict air temperature variability across the city to account for the local climate context. The present study explores the sensitivity of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a multi-layer urban scheme (BEP-BEM) to simulate intra-urban variations of 2-m air temperature during different synoptic conditions in the tropical city-state of Singapore. Two one-month long simulations are conducted during a relatively wet period during the Southwest monsoon and a very dry period during the Northeast monsoon. Model evaluation with micrometeorological data collected at an eddy covariance flux tower shows an overall good performance for turbulence parameters and surface energy balance components, in particular during dry conditions. Difficulties in predicting intermittent cloud cover result in slightly higher errors of modelled 2-m air temperature during the wet period (RMSE<2.3∘C) compared to the dry period (RMSE<1.6∘C) when using data from nine locations with different urban morphologies. The present research demonstrates the model's capability to predict the intra-urban variability across distinct urban morphologies under distinct weather conditions. However, the model fails to accurately capture the magnitude of the observed nocturnal temperature differences across all weather conditions investigated.

Innovation in Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Best Practices from Five Smart Cities in Indonesia

In relation to innovations which help to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, the best practices of several smart cities become an important input to organize and create strategies for future cities. This research aims to identify the responses of cities to the COVID-19 pandemic; analyze their innovation in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic; and create strategies and planning for the future of the cities. This study analyzes aspects such as the use of information and communication technology (ICT), smart city implementation, the biological disaster of the COVID-19 pandemic, the environment, and spatial plans. This research was carried out in five smart cities using a case study. The results indicated that each case had innovations for coping with the COVID-19 pandemic. They showed a uniqueness and local innovations adapted to the problems faced in the five case areas. The innovations were demonstrated by the use of ICT-based applications in several public services as part of smart city implementation. The concept of a smart city, which addresses the biological disaster of the COVID-19 pandemic through the existence of ship-based isolation centers and sociotechnical innovations, was then adapted in various cities throughout Indonesia. In terms of the smart environment concept, this is translated through technological and social innovation approaches to improve medical and domestic waste management, public service systems, and the socialization of environmental protection programs in cities during the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic is allegedly accelerating the implementation of the smart city concept in spatial planning. There is a tendency for the use of public space in the city center to shift to local-scale service centers. Additionally, other activities are increasingly occupying the digital space so that it affects the arrangement of spatial organization and increases the need for ICT infrastructure. The efficient and flexible use of applications for supporting the implementation of smart cities needs to be broadened for the public services provided by both the government and private sectors. Meanwhile, in relation to the dimensions of a smart environment, it is necessary to take into account the waste management as a result of COVID-19. The same case is the aspect of spatial planning in which it is necessary to redesign open spaces for public use. City planning in the future also needs to be capable of the smart mitigation of non-physical disasters, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

The revitalisation of old factories area on the chosen example from Lodz

Lodz (Łódź) is one of the major urban centres in Poland - and a city of unique historical and cultural heritage. The city is continuously changing and developing, respecting its identity and tradition or declaring that. The article aims to present field and case studies of three examples of the revitalisation of neglected areas in Lodz. These post-industrial spaces lost their functions in the last decade of the XXth century. These three projects in different parts of the city with other characteristics and ownership situations represent three different approaches to revitalising historical objects and adjusting them to new functions. Given cases are compelling examples of the various methods used to post-industrial heritage protection and conservation activities and the outcome of those entirely different strategies. As it seems the private entrepreneur has reached the best result in raising activities at the neglected old factory plot but at the same time while placing the responsibility of the space on its new users. Simultaneously, the public financed project oversight by towns authorities introduce the most changes to the historical tissue and seems not to reach its goals as far as a revitalisation of the area is concerned. In this light, the last project joining both private and public funds and introducing a new design solution with extreme care for historical tissue seems to reach the goals of both at a satisfactory level. The examples show how different strategies for cities to redeveloped their image and function work in Mid-European post-communism countries realities and how other types of public life participants embrace this heritage.

Branding a City as a Sports Town: A Conceptual Model Based on ‘Track Town USA’

Governments, municipalities, and communities see potential in sports as a way to improve their image as a tourism destination, create tangible and intangible legacies, and achieve foreign policy goals. The purpose of the study is to portray a model for cities to brand themselves as sports towns and to differentiate from others by enhancing their sporting image. The study uses secondary sources from different media outlets, search engines, press releases, and libraries, to explore and analyze the case of Eugene, Oregon, which despite being smaller than 150 other cities in the United States, has been labeled ‘Track Town USA’. Building on the conceptual literature on country image, place branding, mega-events, and related fields, the study develops a model for strategically branding a city as a sports town. The model suggests strategies for cities considering to brand themselves through sports on local, regional, national, international, and global levels.