Citation Behavior Research Articles

PTNS: patent citation trajectory prediction based on temporal network snapshots

With the rapid development of science and technology, the pace of development in the knowledge economy is accelerating. Intellectual property, especially patents, is a strategic resource for technological innovation and a crucial support for building an innovative country. Therefore, it is particularly important to predict patents with high value and strong impact from the numerous and uneven-quality patents. However, patent citation behavior involves many uncertainties, and it is difficult to capture its temporal variations effectively. Therefore, this paper proposes a patent citation trajectory prediction model (PTNS) based on temporal network snapshots. It adopts relational graph convolutional networks (R-GCN) to learn the complex relationships among multiple attributes of patents and utilizes bidirectional long short-term memory networks (BiLSTM) to aggregate the temporal evolution differences of patents. Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to explore the evolution characteristics of patent citations in depth, thereby capturing the aging effect and the ‘sleeping beauty’ phenomenon. Compared with other baselines, the PTNS performs well. In predicting new, grown, and random patents, the RMSLE decreases by approximately 0.04, 0.14, and 0.18 respectively, while the MALE decreases by approximately 0.04, 0.12, and 0.16 respectively.

Diversity Drives Representation: An Internal Audit of Gender Representation in Citation Practices of a Single Surgical Laboratory.

Large-scale retrospective studies have identified implicit gender bias in citation behaviors across multiple medical fields. There are minimal resources to directly assess one's own citation behavior before publication at a laboratory level. In this study, we performed an internal audit of our own citation practices and behavior, looking at the representation of authors by gender in our own bibliographies. Bibliographies were collated from our laboratory's publications between 2015 and 2022 with a single senior author, who was excluded from participating in this study. Bibliographies were run through a simulation originally constructed and used by authors from the University of Pennsylvania that categorized authors of each article by gender: man or woman, according to external database records. Of the 1697 citations, the first and last authorship sequences displayed to be 60.8% male/male, 10.1% male/female, 16.3% female/male and 12.8% female/female. Men-led articles within our laboratory cited 67.4% male/male articles in their bibliographies compared with women-led articles citing 53.9%. All laboratory bibliographies consisted of 77.1% male senior authors compared with 22.9% female senior authors. Our data confirm that a gender bias in citation practices exists at the laboratory level. Promisingly, these data also indicate that diversity within an individual laboratory group leads to diversity in representation; therefore, diversifying a team of researchers is prone to improve the overall work and success of the laboratory. We encourage laboratory groups to challenge their own biases by replicating their own results and discovering how these biases might be impacting their publications.

The Unnoticed Issue of Coercive Citation Behavior for Authors

The Unnoticed Issue of Coercive Citation Behavior for Authors

Research on scientific knowledge evolution patterns based on ego-centered fine-granularity citation network

A deep comprehension of the development of scientific knowledge is necessary to properly appreciate technological advancement and the process of knowledge innovation. However, fine-grained citation networks are less frequently utilized to characterize the evolution of scientific knowledge. To bridge this gap, we first constructed the fine-grained citation networks based on the PubMed and Web of Science (WOS) databases, then extracted the ego-centered networks of scientific knowledge, and finally employed Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) to analyze the factors influencing the formation of Ego-centered Fine-granularity Citation Networks (EFCNs), taking into account the endogenous network structure and exogenous knowledge attribute variables. The results reveal that both types of variables play pivotal roles in the evolution of scientific knowledge. Furthermore, we found that (1) the in-degree and the out-degree centrality have a positive effect on knowledge evolution, respectively, in the 98.5 % and 99.9 % sample networks, while the clustering coefficient only has a positive effect on the edge formation of the 6.8 % sample network at the 0.05 significance level. (2) The citation behavior and domain impact of authors positively influence the scientific knowledge evolution, respectively, in the 63.2 % and 78.3 % sample networks. (3) There is a tendency to form citation relationships between scientific knowledge units of similar age in 67.1 % of the sample networks. (4) There is a greater possibility of developing a citation relationship between scientific knowledge with the same journal impact rank and knowledge type. Our findings indicate that the evolution of scientific knowledge is influenced not only by the process of scholarly communication but also by self-organizing mechanisms at the fine granularity level.

Citation Behaviour of Physics and Astronomy Researchers in the Western Himalayan Region

The study aims to examine the citation behaviour of Physics and Astronomy researchers from Indian central universities in the Western Himalayan region. By employing Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny packages in R Studio, an analysis of 13,065 cited sources was conducted using data from the Scopus database over a ten-year span (2012- 2021). The findings highlight a preference for influential journal articles and reviews, with an inclination towards articles authored by two or three individuals. These findings offer valuable insights for stakeholders including researchers, policymakers, and funders, to enhance research impact in the region. The study also draws attention to ‘undefined’ tags in bibliographic data and calls for refinement in defining metadata to enhance bibliographic data quality and reliability.

On the shoulders of fallen giants: What do references to retracted research tell us about citation behaviors?

Abstract Citations are increasingly being used to evaluate institutional and individual performance, suggesting a need for rigorous research to understand what behaviors citations are reflecting and what these behaviors mean for the institution of science. To overcome challenges in accurately representing the citation generation process, we use postretraction citations to test competing theories under two different citation search processes, empirically testing predictions on the spread of retracted references. We find that retracted papers are continually cited after the retraction, and that these citations are more likely to come from audiences likely to be unfamiliar with the field of the retracted paper. In addition, we find this association to be much stronger among those citing high-status journals, consistent with the behavior of scientists relying on heuristic search instead of engaged search process. While the current policy debate on misinformation in science emphasizes increasing the visibility of retraction labels to discourage the use of such publications, we argue that institutional-level interventions may be more effective, as such interventions are more consistent with the heuristic citation process. As such citation behavior may not be limited to the case of postretraction citations, we discuss the implications for current science studies as well as science policy.

A global exploratory comparison of country self-citations 1996-2019.

Self-citations are a key topic in evaluative bibliometrics because they can artificially inflate citation-related performance indicators. Recently, self-citations defined at the largest scale, i.e., country self-citations, have started to attract the attention of researchers and policymakers. According to a recent research, in fact, the anomalous trends in the country self-citation rates of some countries, such as Italy, have been induced by the distorting effect of citation metrics-centered science policies. In the present study, we investigate the trends of country self-citations in 50 countries over the world in the period 1996-2019 using Scopus data. Results show that for most countries country self-citations have decreased over time. 12 countries (Colombia, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Malaysia, Pakistan, Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, and Ukraine), however, exhibit different behavior, with anomalous trends of self-citations. We argue that these anomalies should be attributed to the aggressive science policies adopted by these countries in recent years, which are all characterized by direct or indirect incentives for citations. Our analysis confirms that when bibliometric indicators are integrated into systems of incentives, they are capable of affecting rapidly and visibly the citation behavior of entire countries.

Revolutionizing Nutrition Education: Trends, Innovations, and Prospects in Learning Media

This comprehensive study conducts an in-depth analysis to explore the dynamic landscape of nutrition learning media research, aiming to delineate evolving trends, developmental trajectories, and their consequential implications. Employing bibliometric analysis and content analysis approaches, this research uncovers distinct publication patterns and citation behaviors, spotlighting pronounced trends catalyzed by the COVID-19 pandemic, a testament to the adaptability of educational systems. The study identifies a spectrum of learning media formats, encompassing applications, websites, and game-based platforms, while emphasizing the prevalence of experimental and design methodologies within the research paradigm. Keyword clusters elucidate strategies integrating technology and catering to diverse target audiences. In conclusion, nutrition education media plays a pivotal role in addressing health and sustainability challenges. The study advocates for ensuring equitable access to digital resources and advocates for fostering interdisciplinary collaboration as pivotal facets for future research endeavors. Ultimately, this research significantly contributes to enhancing nutrition literacy and underscores the transformative potential of technology-driven education in empowering informed dietary decisions and augmenting overall health outcomes.

Pengalaman Wisata dan Citra Destinasi: Sebuah Kajian Pustaka Sistematis

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze several key references regarding tourist experience and destination image. This research is a systematic literature review using the Scopus-based science citation index. Based on several stages of the systematic review method, this study found 41 key references from Scopus indexed journals. This study also examined citation behavior based on quartile and cite score. This study found that the journal sustainability Switzerland is the journal that discusses the most about tourism experience and destination image. However, most of the articles are published in business and management journals and also journals are published in the field of tourism, while for the country of origin of researchers, the United Kingdom is the most dominant country of origin of researchers followed by researchers from China and the United States. Thus, there are opportunities for further research in the context of tourism. This study contributes to further research and makes a significant contribution in answering research questions or addressing issues in the field of tourism.

Productive entities and citation patterns of highly cited papers in public administration domain: An informetric profile

This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of highly cited public administration articles in the Social Science Citation Index published from 1900 to 2022. Results show that classic works were revealed to frequently occur in the 1970s, and most of articles are on collaborative governance research. The output of countries, institutions, authors, and journals in the field of public administration also was revealed. In addition, the study discovers the life cycle of highly cited articles, including three types: “delayed growth,” “steady growth,” and “rapid growth.” This study describes the citation behavior characteristics of academic entities in the discipline of public administration and the common rules of highly cited papers, which provides insights for the future development direction of the discipline of public administration research.

Self-referencing rates in biological disciplines.

The use of citation counts (among other bibliometrics) as a facet of academic research evaluation can influence citation behavior in scientific publications. One possible unintended consequence of this bibliometric is excessive self-referencing, where an author favors referencing their own publications over related publications from different research groups. Peer reviewers are often prompted by journals to determine whether references listed in the manuscript under review are unbiased, but there is no consensus on what is considered "excessive" self-referencing. Here, self-referencing rates are examined across multiple journals in the fields of biology, genetics, computational biology, medicine, pathology, and cell biology. Median self-referencing rates are between 8-13% across a range of journals within these disciplines. However, self-referencing rates vary as a function of total number of references, number of authors, author status/rank, author position, and total number of publications for each author. Importantly, these relationships exhibit interdisciplinary and journal-dependent differences that are not captured by examining broader fields in aggregate (e.g., Biology, Chemistry, Physics, etc.). These results provide useful statistical guidelines for authors, editors, reviewers, and journals when considering referencing practices for individual publications, and highlight the effects of additional factors influencing self-referencing rates.

The evolution and development landscape of scholarly communication based on the analysis of published articles

This paper aims to unveil the comprehensive research landscape and gain insights into the evolving trend of primary research content within the scholarly communication domain. Leveraging various literature visualization tools, the study delves into the key research themes and their progression in scholarly communication from articles retrieved in Web of Science spanning the years 1996–2021. Moreover, the investigation delves into the historical roots and seminal works in the field. Notably, recent years have witnessed a remarkable focus from scholars on information dissemination, scientific assessment, emerging evaluation frameworks rooted in modern social media, open access, and social networking. The identified classic works indicate that scientific comprehension, citation behavior, communication, and online collaboration have garnered sustained research interest within the scholarly communication realm. In summary, the prevailing research content has transitioned from a closed, publication-centric model to an open network characterized by globalization and diversity. Concurrently, the transformation of scholarly communication is advancing toward digitalization, openness, socialization, networking, and enhanced accessibility.

Case analyses of fraudulent citation in scientific and technical journals and suggestions on editing work

This paper analyzes the fraudulent citation cases, helps the editorial department to judge this improper citation behavior, and gives some specific suggestions for editing work. Taking the fraudulent citation of two Science Citation Index (SCI) English journals in China as examples, this paper analyzes the cases in detail, comments on the measures taken by the editorial department, discusses the responsibility of stakeholders involved in the academic misconduct of fraudulent citation from the perspective of responsibility ethics, and finally gives suggestions for the editorial department and the individual editor. The implementation of fraudulent citation is hidden, and it is difficult for the editorial department to find it, so it is hard to collect relevant cases. After the occurrence of fraudulent citation cases, the editorial department will deal with them according to the degree of damage to scientific journals, and usually keep a cautious attitude and try to deal with them internally. Reference citation belongs to the author's "private land", and citation motivation is complicated. Incentive measures, awards, and other interest factors lead to frequent academic misconduct. Therefore, the prevention and governance of fraudulent citation problems need authors, journals, and editors to make joint efforts to fulfill their respective responsibilities.

An analysis of retracted papers in Computer Science.

The retraction of research papers, for whatever reason, is a growing phenomenon. However, although retracted paper information is publicly available via publishers, it is somewhat distributed and inconsistent. The aim is to assess: (i) the extent and nature of retracted research in Computer Science (CS) (ii) the post-retraction citation behaviour of retracted works and (iii) the potential impact upon systematic reviews and mapping studies. We analyse the Retraction Watch database and take citation information from the Web of Science and Google scholar. We find that of the 33,955 entries in the Retraction watch database (16 May 2022), 2,816 are classified as CS, i.e., ≈ 8%. For CS, 56% of retracted papers provide little or no information as to the reasons. This contrasts with 26% for other disciplines. There is also some disparity between different publishers, a tendency for multiple versions of a retracted paper to be available beyond the Version of Record (VoR), and for new citations long after a paper is officially retracted (median = 3; maximum = 18). Systematic reviews are also impacted with ≈ 30% of the retracted papers having one or more citations from a review. Unfortunately, retraction seems to be a sufficiently common outcome for a scientific paper that we as a research community need to take it more seriously, e.g., standardising procedures and taxonomies across publishers and the provision of appropriate research tools. Finally, we recommend particular caution when undertaking secondary analyses and meta-analyses which are at risk of becoming contaminated by these problem primary studies.

The Influence of Prince on Sleeping Time: An Empirical Study Based on Propensity Score Matching

With the rapid development of science and technology, it is of great significance to study the influence of prince on sleeping time to explore the knowledge value of sleeping beauty. In this work, we use the data of American Physical Society to identify sleeping beauties according to B-index, and use logistic model and propensity score matching model to analyze the data. Then, we explore the impact of prince on the sleeping time of sleeping beauty. The results show that the prince has a significant inhibitory effect on the sleeping time of sleeping beauty, and the sleeping time of sleeping beauty cited by prince is shorter. The citation behavior of prince has the feature of self-selection. Using propensity score matching method can effectively overcome the problem of sample selection bias and obtain more reliable estimation results.

Citation behavior, audience awareness, and identity construction in Arabic and EFL research

Citations are an integral component of writer-reader dialogic interaction in academic discourse. One under-researched question concerns the role of audience as a contextual factor that impacts writers’ citation choices and the nature of the identity and disciplinary knowledge that they construct. The present study adopts a discourse analytic, case-study research design. First, it aims to investigate the citation behavior in five Arabic education research articles. Second, it examines whether the writers of these papers would modify their intertextual style to enact different identity and disciplinary community when writing in English as a foreign language (EFL). Findings revealed a unique character for the Arabic-based citation behavior that contrasted, sometimes, markedly with conventional academic norms, indicating the pivotal role that culture plays in shaping rhetorical preferences. Arabic-based tendencies involved predominance of integral citations, use of combined citations and non-citations, and reliance on what is herein termed intertextual saturation and diffused intertextuality as rhetorical strategies to contract dialogic space and persuade audience. The findings also showed marginal modification of intertextual style in the EFL texts. This suggests lack of significant orientation toward target audiences’ characteristics that would have resulted from enculturation into disciplinary community. The findings imply the need to introduce novice writers to the concept of audience if they are to produce academic discourse that is interpersonally optimal from the perspective of the international discourse community.

Self-Citations and Citations to European Constitutional Courts by the Austrian Constitutional Court

The Austrian Constitutional Court (VfGH) cites – frequently itself, but also other (constitutional) courts. This article describes comprehensively the citation behavior of the VfGH based on both citations of its own case law and citations of foreign case law, meaning citations to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and other national constitutional courts of Member States of the European Union. This allows an innovative identification of so-called leading cases. With regard to self-citations, we identify key decisions that have shaped the jurisprudence of the VfGH. The identification of the 20 most frequently cited decisions of the ECtHR and the ECJ also provides an insight into the evolution of Austria’s legal integration in Europe using the example of the case law of the VfGH. The data shows that, apart from the ECtHR and the CJEU, only the German Federal Constitutional Court plays a – albeit small – role in the case law of the VfGH. The VfGH makes almost no reference to other European constitutional courts.

Citation inequity and gendered citation practices in contemporary physics

The historical and contemporary under-attribution of women's contributions to scientific scholarship is well-known and well-studied, with effects that are felt today in myriad ways by women scientists. One measure of this under-attribution is the so-called citation gap between men and women: the under-citation of papers authored by women relative to expected rates coupled with a corresponding over-citation of papers authored by men relative to expected rates. We explore the citation gap in contemporary physics, analyzing over one million articles published over the last 25 years in 35 physics journals that span a wide range of subfields. Using a model that predicts papers' expected citation rates according to a set of characteristics separate from author gender, we find a global bias wherein papers authored by women are significantly under-cited, and papers authored by men are significantly over-cited. Moreover, we find that citation behavior varies along several dimensions, such that imbalances differ according to who is citing, where they are citing, and how they are citing. Specifically, citation imbalance in favor of man-authored papers is highest for papers authored by men, papers published in general physics journals, and papers likely to be less familiar to citing authors. Our results suggest that, although deciding which papers to cite is an individual choice, the cumulative effects of these choices needlessly harm a subset of scholars. We discuss several strategies for the mitigation of these effects, including conscious behavioral changes at the individual, journal, and community levels.

Citations and References: Guidelines on Literature Practices

Introduction. Citations of scholarly publications are considered an efficient measure of productivity of research and researchers. They are part of scholarly communication, driving the evolving knowledge in all disciplines. Citations form an integral part of literature practices of researchers. The latter are prone to deliberate or unconscious biases. One of the challenges all researchers face is to overcome or at least mitigate identified biases in citation. It may lead to distorting knowledge development in the least possible way.
 Purpose. As the research of citations is on the rise, more theoretical background is being developed. The editors call the JLE readers attention to the Triangular Citations, with various relationships among publications formed by citations.
 Results. Empirical studies are not unanimous in defining the features that affect citations most. Most researchers highlight a publication source as the most influential feature, with multi feature approach favoured by the academic community at large. Other features entail features relating to authors, journal, and publication itself. Moreover, there are varieties across the disciplines. The field of research of citation behaviour is only beginning to widen. The focus of such research is made on citation behaviour patterns, individual incentives behind the references and citations aligned with financial or reputation stimuli, and citations patterns linked to citation behaviour. Bias in citation threatens to distort knowledge and may evolve it subtly or obviously in a specific direction. Biases are not easy to deal with. In addition, values and mindsets vary across the countries and academic and scholarly communities that hinders efforts to overcome biases.
 Implications. The JLE editors sum up the best guidelines on improvements in publications that add to greater citations, with the high quality of articles as the key.

Multidimensional scholarly citations: Characterizing and understanding scholars' citation behaviors

AbstractThis study investigates scholars' citation behaviors from a fine‐grained perspective. Specifically, each scholarly citation is considered multidimensional rather than logically unidimensional (i.e., present or absent). Thirty million articles from PubMed were accessed for use in empirical research, in which a total of 15 interpretable features of scholarly citations were constructed and grouped into three main categories. Each category corresponds to one aspect of the reasons and motivations behind scholars' citation decision‐making during academic writing. Using about 500,000 pairs of actual and randomly generated scholarly citations, a series of Random Forest‐based classification experiments were conducted to quantitatively evaluate the correlation between each constructed citation feature and citation decisions made by scholars. Our experimental results indicate that citation proximity is the category most relevant to scholars' citation decision‐making, followed by citation authority and citation inertia. However, big‐name scholars whose h‐indexes rank among the top 1% exhibit a unique pattern of citation behaviors—their citation decision‐making correlates most closely with citation inertia, with the correlation nearly three times as strong as that of their ordinary counterparts. Hopefully, the empirical findings presented in this paper can bring us closer to characterizing and understanding the complex process of generating scholarly citations in academia.