Cisadane River Research Articles

PERBANDINGAN SIFAT KIMIA AIR SUNGAI CISADANE PADA TATA GUNA LAHAN YANG BERBEDA

The study that examined the analysis of the chemical properties of the Cisadane River in Tangerang City was carried out from April to June 2019, to compare the water quality of the Cisadane river through chemical properties in three types of land use. The study used a survey method by determining the sampling of the test material and measuring water quality carried out by purposive sampling, adjusted for the sinking of the land. Sampling points for fisheries area and housing areas are in Karawaci Hilir (station 1), Babakan (station 2) and Sukajadi (station 3). The sampling point of the factory area is around the tofu mill (station 1), the paper mill (station 2) and the palm oil mill (station 3) all in Karawaci Hilir. Data analysis in the laboratory includes DO, COD, BOD and PO4. The results showed that water quality in the catchment area of fishermen had DO, BOD, COD and PO4 values that met water quality standards, except at station 3 which had very high BOD and COD values, presumably due to disposal of construction waste and household waste. For residential areas, only high BOD content exceeds the water quality standard. Whereas in the factory area, low DO levels indicate that it is not feasible for aquatic biota life. The BOD content is high at all stations, the COD content is very high only at station 2, which is indicated by the large amount of water hyacinth that grows and a very strong odor. In general, the water quality of the Cisadane River in three types of land use needs special handling to prevent environmental pollution.Keywords: water quality standards, water quality, Cisadane River, chemical properties, land use

Cluster-based water level patterns detection

Indonesian Disaster Data and Information in 2016 showed that flood has reached a soaring 32.2% overall. In one of the common flood region (2016), Tangerang, the flood had impacted 30,949, and destroys more than 400 residentials. In spite of this dreadful fact, Tangerang has no systematically ways of detecting the flood patterns. Therefore, there is urgency for a system that is able to detect potential flood risks in Tangerang. This study explores a mean to systematically find flood patterns in Tangerang and attempt to visualize the risks based on 11 years of data on four major river stations within Tangerang vicinity. All the data obtained from Ciliwung Cisadane River Basin Center (BBWS) between 2009 until 2017 with total data of 368,184 rows. This study proposes an interactive dashboard based on the water level data covering rivers of Angke, Pesanggrahan, and Cisadane. Three clustering methods are implemented, the K-Medoids, DBScan, and x-means, to segregate the water level data, taken from four stations obtained from Ciliwung Cisadane River Basin Center (BBWS), into meaningfull periodic flood patterns. The output of this research is an interactive dashboard created based on the newly found patterns. The dashboard is designed to be simple and easy to use for non-technical persons. We believe that the output of this research could be implemented into the decision-making process taken by the Ciliwung Cisadane River Basin Center (BBWS) in order to improve countermeasure attempts on the potentially flooded areas.

Coastal Morphological Dynamics of Tangerang Regency Banten and Indah Kapuk Beach Jakarta through Google Earth Imagery Analysis

Tangerang Regency experienced very high coastal dynamic processes, caused by natural factors (abrasion and accretion) and anthropoligical factor (reclamation). This study aims to determine the latest condition of the Tangerang regency coastal dynamics as well as Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK) area of Jakarta by using analysis of Google Earth images. The land area changing was calculated through visual interpretation approached by using on-screen digitizing. The applications used are Google Earth Pro 7.1.5.1557 and ArcGIS 10.2. Out of a total of 23 coastal villages, abrasion occurred in almost 20 villages. The highest abrasion phenomenon occurred in Kohod village, Pakuhaji district, with a land area lost of 71.55 ha during the 2004-2019 period. The highest accretion process occured at the estuary of the Cisadane river which was in Tanjungburung village, Teluknaga district. While the highest reclamation activity taken place in the village of Kosambi Timur with the total area of the reclaiming beach reached 56.54 ha. In both villages, Kosambi Timur and Dadap, District of Kosambi, the reclamation did not only occur at sea, but also on land. The area of fishponds that has been reclaimed and converted into the New Urban Zone of Pantura is about 936,78 ha. This is the largest fishpond conversion into a city ever happened in Indonesia. As a comparison, the conversion of aquaculture land to urban land had occurred previously in PIK Jakarta with the area of converted ponds around 678 ha.

Analysis of hydrocyclone as river water pre-treatment for tertiary coolant of RDE

RDE is an experimental power reactor that planned to use Cisadane river water for its tertiary coolant. For maintaining the condenser reliability material its quality should be concerned. Therefore pre-treatment should be applied. Hydrocyclone is a separation device to remove larger solid particles from water. It can be an alternative component and installed for pre-treatment before water delivered to the water treatment system. Hydrocyclone designed to reduce solid particles concentration in water by means centrifugal forces. This paper discusses the hydrocyclone performance related to the solids particle separation efficiency of Cisadane river water. The amounts of solids that can be separated by an hydrocyclone will be explained. The ChemCAD sofware is used to simulate the cleaning process. The high efficiency hydrocyclone is used to simulate the separation process. The water intake is 50 m3/h and the solids particles size distribution majority more than 10 μm are set and the largest one is 100 μm is assumed. The amount of solids in water intake is 10% of total mass flowrate input. The hydrocyclone is installed in the first stage of cleaning system after water pump. The solid particles distribution are set in the inflows of cleaning system and the particles in hydrocyclone outlets are analyzed. At 0.3 m of hydrocyclone diameter the separation efficiency is 38%, and at the 1.1 m of diameter the efficiency is only 2.7%. The smaller diameter resulted higher separation efficiency, also causes the higher pressure drop and vice versa. The pressure drop increased significantly when the diameter is below 0.4 m. The dust particles size has been separated (D50) value is increase linearly from 12.18 to 71.27 micron with the hydrocyclone diameter from 0.3 to 1.1 m.

Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia

Abstract. Izzati U, Hasibuan HS. 2019. Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 595-603. Riparian is a riverbank area that has unique characteristics. It is a combination of terrestrial with aquatic habitats so that riparian ecosystems have high biodiversity values. Riparian is included in a protected area that is naturally designated for vegetation, but in reality, riparian areas, especially in urban areas, have a lot of conversion of land functions by humans so that it can disrupt diversity of tree and bird species. This study aims to identify the diversity of tree and bird species and the correlation between the two. Riparian length of Cisadane River, South Tangerang City is 20.15 km. The method used was plot line with size of 20 m x 20 m for tree data and line transect for bird data by systematic sampling with a random start then analyzed using Shannon Wiener index. The results obtained were found 22 tree species included in 11 families with species diversity index (H') of 2.707 and 40 bird species belonging to 25 families with species diversity index (H') of 2.794. The diversity of tree and bird species is classified as medium. The results of the analysis using the Pearson correlation between the diversity of tree with bird species obtained that there was no relationship between the two. Based on these results, riparian zones in urban areas need to be maintained and improved in quality so that the diversity of tree and bird species increases so as to create a stable ecosystem.

The New Lead (II) Ion Selective Electrode Based On Free Plasticizer Film of pTHFA Photopolymer

This research has succeeded in developing a Lead (II) –Ion-selective electrode (Pb2+-ISE) sensor based on poly-tetrahydro furfuryl acrylate (pTHFA) films free plasticizers utilizing photo-polymer technique. The Pb2+-ISE has a performance that includes a linear range of 0.1–10−5 M, Nernstian number 26.5–29.8 mV/dec and LOD 3.24–3.98 (× 10−6) M, where the optimum composition between KTpClPB lipophilic salt with leads (IV) ionophore is 1:1 mole ratio. The Pb2+-ISE sensor also shows a relatively good selectivity value (Log Kpota,b) against several interfering ions including K+ −6.5 ± 0.3, Na+ −6.2 ± 0.1, NH4+ −6.7 ± 0.1, Mg2+ −12.7 ± 0.2, Cu2+ −4.2 ± 0.5 and Cd2+ −6.1 ± 0.2, where the response of the Pb2+-ISE sensor is stable at pH 3–8. In this study, the Pb2+-ISE sensor shows validation test results that are comparable to measurements using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) devices using artificial solutions and real sample. The results of testing with artificial solutions successively produced Pb2+ concentrations of 9.5 ± 0.3, 52.5 ± 1.7, and 100.8 ± 2.5 ppm, while for real samples the Cisadane river was 0.0025 ± 0.45 ppm and the refueling station was 18.15 ± 16.74 mg/kg soil sample.

Implementation of Decentralized Water Resources Management Based on Integrated Water Resources Management in Indonesia (A Case Study of Cisadane River Basin)

Since the last two decades, Indonesia has been performed decentralization for managing water resources. However, some problems related to water management still exist such as flood, drought, and ego sectoral among stakeholders. Cisadane river basin was used as a study area due to this river basin is one of the national strategic river basin and faced the fastest growing population and land conversion function in Indonesia. Using Grindle model (1980), we analyzed the performance of the policy and figure out its supporting and constraining factors. As a result, in general, implementation of decentralized water resources management based on “Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM)” principles at Cisadane river basin has been running well. Nevertheless, some problems related communication among stakeholders, public participation, and limited resources are the main issues of decentralized water resources management in Indonesia and can hamper the policy to reach its goals.

Diversity of uropathogenic Escherichia coli lytic phage from Cisadane River, West Java, Indonesia based on morphology and protein molecular weight characteristics

Sufa HI, Budiarti S, Rusmana I. 2018. Diversity of uropathogenic Escherichia coli lytic phage from Cisadane River, West Java, Indonesia based on morphology and protein molecular weight characteristics. Biodiversitas 19: 2359-2364. The aimed of this study was to identify, isolate and characterized the lytic phage diversity which had a potential in reducing uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), antibiotic resistant-pathogenic bacteria infecting urinary tract from Cisadane river based on the morphology and protein molecule weight. To the best of our knowledge, this study has not yet been reported in Indonesia. Two novel lytic phages of UPEC, FU1, and FU3 were isolated from Cisadane River, Indonesia. Both of lytic phages were more closely related to Podoviridae, which had icosahedral capsid in 47.2 nm and 40 nm diameter length, respectively and short-noncontractile tail (< 40 nm). The FU1 and FU3 had different protein molecular weight ranges between 10-76 kDa and 8-120 kDa, respectively. In addition, the bacteriolytic activity of FU3 (1.6 ´ 107 PFU/mL) was able to reduce UPEC (1.7 ´ 107 CFU/mL) to become lower than the limitation value of infection (< 105 CFU/mL) in only 25 h of incubation. A better effect of FU3 phage in decreasing UPEC population in vitro is expected to be one of the further alternative biocontrol agents to reduce the abundance of UPEC population which grows in urinary tract or contaminates river water.

Institution and Legal Aspect Based River Water Quality Management

About 75% of rivers in Indonesia are experiencing severe pollution. The pollution comes from domestic waste. One of the important rivers in Indonesia that is experiencing pollution is the Cisadane River. The Cisadane River issues in Tangerang are erosion, sedimentation, not yet controlled public space, availability water, and water quality. The background of this research is the existence of water quality problems Cisadane Tangerang City of Banten Province. There are many institutions that manage the Cisadane watershed, but the effectiveness of these institutions in solving environmental problems in the Cisadane watershed is ineffective. Similarly, current regulations have not been effectively implemented. The purpose of this study is to determine the authority and agencies that manage the Cisadane watershed in Tangerang, examining the effectiveness of cooperation among agencies, seeking the most effective alternative institutions in Cisadane water quality management, as well as optimizing the implementation of regulations. This research is a qualitative research, this research also is multi case and explorative, so this research uses three stages of research, previous study phase study, focus group discussion and data analysis. The conclusion of this research is to get the best and effective alternative institution in managing Cisadane River and to strengthen regulation or law.

Water quality of Cisadane River based on watershed segmentation

The growth of population and industrialization combined with land development along river cause water pollution and environmental deterioration. Cisadane River is one of the river in Indonesia where urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural are extremely main sources of pollution. Cisadane River is an interesting case for investigating the effect of land use to water quality and comparing water quality in every river segment. The main objectives with this study were to examine if there is a correlation between land use and water quality in Cisadane River and there is a difference in water quality between the upstream section of Cisadane River compared with its downstream section. This study compared water quality with land use condition in each segment of river. Land use classification showed that river segment that has more undeveloped area has better water quality compared to river segment with developed area. in general, BOD and COD values have increased from upstream to downstream. However, BOD and COD values do not show a steady increase in each segment Water quality is closely related to the surrounding land use.Therefore, it can not be concluded that the water quality downstream is worse than in the upstream area.

Present Status of Marine Radioecology in Jakarta Bay

800x600 Operation of nuclear facilities such as research reactor and it’s supporting installation in Serpong Nuclear Area may release controlled radionuclides to Cisadane River and then it would flow to Jakarta Bay. There are limited marine radioecology studies or radionuclides monitoring at Jakarta Bay. Therefore monitoring of 239/240 Pu and 137 Cs was carried out from Tanjung Pasir to Tanjung Kerawang. The ERICA Assessment Tool was used to evaluate radiological risk in the marine environment of Jakarta Bay area. The 137 Cs concentration in sea water and sea sediments were in range of 0.17 – 1.17 Bq.m -3 and 0.34 – 1.21 Bq.kg -1 , respectively. Moreover, result of 239/240 Pu measurement showed that concentration at sea water and sea sediment were range from < MDA – 0.53 mBq.m -3 and 2.64 – 55.70 mBq.kg -1 respectively. The results of risk analysis were indicated that all the total dose rates per organism were millions time lower than the screening rate (10 mGy.h -1 ). Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Times New Roman,serif;}

Correlation analysis of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for the water debit and level of the Cisadane River during El Niño and La Niña years

Hydrometeorological factor causes most disaster in Indonesia, and two of them are drought and flood. This study aims to correlate Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) 3-monthly to water debit and water level in the Cisadane River. The monthly rainfall data from Serpong and Pasar Baru rain station from 2009 to 2011 when moderate El Niño and moderate La Niña happened. The correlation analysis between debit and water level to SPI 3-monthly used rain post of Serpong to represent the condition of the upstream area and rain post of Pasar Baru to represent the condition of the downstream area. The results showed that during La Niña year, the rainfall on the upstream area of the Cisadane River influenced the increase and the decrease in water debit and water level. Meanwhile, the rainfall on the downstream area of the river has an opposite effect on the increase and the decrease of debit and water level of the Pasar Baru. On the upstream area, the correlation between rainfall and water debit is 0.8, and the correlation between rainfall and water level is also 0.8. During El Niño year, the correlation was less than 0.5.

Structure of coastal community occupational in responsible environmental quality at Tanjung Burung village, Tangerang regency

Tanjung Burung Village is an area located on the river mouth. The position makes the occupational structure of the community has a relationship with the environmental conditions of the river mouth. The occupational structure of the estuary community tends to be in the primary sector. However, at present, the environmental condition of the Cisadane River estuary has a quality degradation in terms of the intensity of river water pollution, the frequency of flooding, and the intensity of groundwater contamination. This study aims to analyze the relationship between environmental degradation and changes in occupational structure, and analysis on the quality of life of the community. In collecting and processing data, this research uses sequential exploratory strategy. This process refers to the geographical map of Tanjung Burung Village in 1996, 2006, 2016; Population data of 1995, 2000, 2005, 2011, 2016; as well as environmental quality data from 1995 to 2017. The results of this study show that within 20 years the community has strengthened occupational structure in the tertiary sector. Furthermore, the strengthening of occupational structure in the tertiary sector has not been able to improve the quality of life of Tanjung Burung villagers.

Effects of Agriculture on the Water Quality of the Cisadane River System in West Java, Indonesia

Effects of Agriculture on the Water Quality of the Cisadane River System in West Java, Indonesia

Assessing the ecological status of the Cisadane River’s headwaters using benthic macroinvertebrates

Benthic macroinvertebrates are commonly used in river health biomonitoring. In monitoring program biotic indices are now widely established in water quality monitoring around the world, including in the tropical countries. The aim of this study was to reveal the ecological status of Cisadane River’s headwaters in inside and outside of Mount Halimun-Salak National Park by using benthic macroinvertebrates. The research was conducted in the headwaters of Cisadane River located in Mount Halimun-Salak National Park. Macroinvertebrates were collected from four sites, i.e. inside the park (station 1, 2, 3, and 4) and from two sites outside the park (station 5 and 6). Collections were made twice a month, starting from April to June 2015 by means of Surber sampler (frame area 30x30 cm). A total of 65 genera from 38 families and 11 orders were found in the river. The results showed that based on diversity index, Lincoln Quality Index (LQI), Family Biotic Index (FBI), and Stream Invertebrate Grade Number Average Level 2 (SIGNAL 2), stations located within national park were ecologically better than those outside national park. Rivers with well-preserved riverside vegetation, as in the national park area have greater ecological status.

Sustainable Watersheds: Assessing the Source and Load of Cisadane River Pollution

Sustainable Watersheds: Assessing the Source and Load of Cisadane River Pollution

Decreasing groundwater quality at Cisadane riverbanks: groundwater-surface water approach

The decreasing of groundwater quality has been the major issue in Tangerang area. One of the key process is the interaction between groundwater and Cisadane river water, which flows over volcanic deposits of Bojongmanik Fm, Genteng Fm, Tuf Banten, and Alluvial Fan. The objective of this study is to unravel such interactions based on the potentiometric mapping in the riverbank. We had 60 stop sites along the riverbank for groundwater and river water level observations, and chemical measurements (TDS, EC, temp, and pH). Three river water gauge were also analyzed to see the fluctuations. We identified three types of hydrodynamic relationships with fairly low flow gradients: effluent flow at Segmen I (Kranggan - Batuceper) with 0.2-0.25 gradient, perched flow at Segmen II (Batuceper-Kalibaru) with gradient 0.2-0.25, and influent flow at Segmen III (Kalibaru-Tanjungburung) with gradient 0.15-0.20. Such low flow gradient is controlled by the moderate to low morphological slope in the area. The gaining and losing stream model were also supported by the river water fluctuation data. TDS and EC readings increased more than 40$\%$ from upstream to downstream. At some points the both measurements were two times higher than the permissible limits, along with the drops of pH values at those areas. This study shows the very close interaction between Cisadane river water and groundwater in the riverbank. Therefore the authorities need to be managed the areas with a very strict regulations related to the small and large scale industries located near by the river.

SEASONAL CHANGE IN THE DIEL PATTERN OF THE PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA POPULATION IN THE CISADANE RIVER ESTUARY: RESPONSE TO THE CHANGES IN THE WATER’S PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

Seasonal changes of Pseudo-nitzschia diel dynamics in an estuarine ecosystem have been known to be regulated by salinity, water temperature and nutrient dynamics. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of these physical-chemical factors on the diel pattern of the Pseudo-nitzschia population in the Cisadane River estuary.Plankton samples were collected from a diel station at two different periods, in the dry season (May-June) and thewet season (September). Plankton samplings were done in a 24 hour period with 3 hourly sampling intervals. The result showed a higher abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia in the dark-period during the dry season, while during the wet season the abundance was higher in the light-period. Nitrate and phosphate concentrations were suggested as important factors in facilitating Pseudo-nitzschia maxima. The low abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia in the estuarycould be due to the relatively low N:P ratio (&lt;10). The results showed that the Cisadane River estuary was strongly influenced by seawater during the night and by freshwater during day. The GLM analysis suggested that there were changes in the species omposition of the Pseudo-nitzschia population in the ecosystem. The oligohaline species was found to be abundant in the dry season, the maxima occurred at night, which is probably related to a highermarine influence in the ecosystem. Conversely the polyhaline species was abundant in the wet season, with the maxima occurring during daylight, which might be related to a stronger freshwater influence in the ecosystem.

Prediction of Missing Streamflow Data using Principle of Information Entropy

Incomplete (missing) of streamflow data often occurs. This can be caused by a not continous data recording or poor storage. In this study, missing consecutive streamflow data are predicted using the principle of information entropy. Predictions are performed ​​using the complete monthly streamflow information from the nearby river. Data on average monthly streamflow used as a simulation sample are taken from observation stations Katulampa, Batubeulah, and Genteng, which are the Ciliwung Cisadane river areas upstream. The simulated prediction of missing streamflow data in 2002 and 2003 at Katulampa Station are based on information from Genteng Station, and Batubeulah Station. The mean absolute error (MAE) average obtained was 0,20 and 0,21 in 2002 and the MAE average in 2003 was 0,12 and 0,16. Based on the value of the error and pattern of filled gaps, this method has the potential to be developed further.

Photosynthesis of Periphyton and Diffusion Process as Source of Oxygen in Rich-Riffle Upstream Waters

Most of dissolved oxygen content in stream or river water is obtained from the process of photosynthesis and diffusion. Photosynthesis process in running water is performed by autotrophic organisms, especially community of attached micro-algae or periphytic micro-algae that live attached to stone or other substrates, while intensive diffusion process occurred as water flows. Rich riffle upstream waters are characterized by stony bottom and high current. The role of the periphyton photosynthesis result and diffusion process along the water current was examined by this research. A field experimental observation was carried out at the upstream of Cisadane River (600m asl) with two different natural light conditions, the light or exposed (24630-104240 Lux) and shadowy (11120-65300 Lux) conditions. The actual dissolved oxygen contents in the area with the two conditions are relatively similar; 7.3 (light) and 7.0 mg L-1 (shadowy). Oxygen supports were significantly different at the light and shadowy conditions, whether from diffusion process 71.71% and 79.37%, respectively, or from periphyton photosynthesis, 21.73% and 15.30%, respectively. The compositions of periphytons living in the two conditions were similar; mostly composed by group of Diatom, with the same dominant species of Thalassiothrix sp. The difference in periphyton growth was shown by its density. In the light condition, the Diatom tends to grow at higher density in comparison to the shadowy condition. The role of periphyton to support oxygen in upstream waters is light dependent. The higher the light intensity (Photosynthetic Active Radiation ranged), the higher the support of oxygen will be.