The use of adsorbents based on naturally occurring materials to eliminate antibiotics from industrial effluents has attracted remarkable interest owing to the abundance of raw materials and the sustainability of this method. The ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal capacity of a previously synthesized antimicrobial hydrogel based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCs)/xanthan gum (XG) was investigated for the first time in this study. CMCs and XG were blended in an equivalent-weight ratio and crosslinked using trimellitic anhydride isothiocyanate (TAI) to synthesize an eco-friendly, low-cost hydrogel, which was characterized using FTIR, SEM, and XRD analyses. The pseudo-second-order model fitted the experimental data well: the experimental qe (49.59 mg g−1) was close to the theoretical value (51.81 mg g−1). The Langmuir isotherm best fitted the adsorption results (R2 = 0.999), with a maximum adsorption capacity of 147.06 mg g−1. The thermodynamic results indicate that adsorption is spontaneous, favorable, and exothermic in nature. The percentages of desorption obtained were 95.72, 94.34, 89.52, 88, and 86.28% after five consecutive cycles. Thus, this hydrogel possesses potential for further testing and application in wastewater remediation.

Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is an antibiotic that is widely used in humans and animals. However, the compound has been detected in animal-derived products and the environment due to its extensive use, causing serious concern for public health and environmental safety. The issue raises the urgent need to develop innovative techniques to monitor CIP. Therefore, this study aims to develop a simple and sensitive CIP sensor called the boron-doped diamond nanoparticle-modified screen-printed electrode (BDD NPs/SPE) and the nickel oxide nanoparticle-modified BDD NPs/SPE (NiO NPs/BDD NPs/SPE). NiO NPs were synthesized via green synthesis using Spatholobus littoralis Hassk. root extract as the reducing agent. The formation and characteristics of NiO NPs were then confirmed through a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, XRD, PSA, FT-IR, and XPS. The successful modification of SPE was confirmed through SEM-EDX, followed by measurements using square-wave voltammetry. The results showed that the modified SPE could detect CIP over a concentration range of 0.1–100 µM and produced a low detection limit of 0.109 µM for BDD NPs/SPE and 0.054 µM for NiO NPs/BDD NPs/SPE. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of CIP in commercial tablets, milk, and human urine, with a satisfactory % recovery from 95 to 100%. The current study successfully developed a simple yet highly sensitive sensor that enabled robust, reliable, and efficient detection of CIP, showing its strong potential for practical applications.

New insights into the anaerobic digestion of high carbon wastewater with ciprofloxacin: Methane production and ARGs inhibition.

Unveiling the critical roles of iron and phosphorus in magnetic biochar derived from lithium-extraction residues of retired LiFePO4 batteries for peroxymonosulfate activation toward ciprofloxacin degradation.

Microbial fuel cell powered Fenton degradation of ciprofloxacin from wastewater employing MIL-88B(Fe)-MOF-laser-induced graphene cathode.

Cooperation of CRISPR/Cas12a and exonuclease III-assisted cascade cycling amplification for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of ciprofloxacin.

Enhancing 1O2 pathway via ultrasound-coupled iron-carbon activated persulfate for improving sludge dehydration and reducing antibiotics mutagenicity.

Enhanced photo-Fenton system across wide pH range based on Fe-Bi2WO6: Insight into the regulable microenvironment and ROS generation.

Biovoltage-driven, sulfurized Fe-Co anode promoted the generation of salt source active species for enhanced antibiotic removal.

Amoxicillin (AMO), a penicillin antibiotic, and ciprofloxacin (CIP), a quinolone antibiotic, are widely used to combat bacterial infections and are frequently co-administered to enhance therapeutic efficacy. However, improper use of AMO and CIP may lead to antibiotic residues in the environment, posing serious threats to human health. The visual detection of AMO and CIP remains significant challenges. Herein, the Eu-DPA@CQDs was used for the dual-mode detection of AMO and CIP, which was synthesized by CQDs doped in europium-DPA metal-organic framework. In the colorimetric mode, the catalase-mimicking Eu-DPA@CQDs oxidized TMB to blue oxTMB. Upon addition of AMO, the oxTMB was reduced, causing color fading. Subsequent introduction of CIP restored nanozyme activity, regenerating the blue signal and enabling dual-analyte antibiotic detection. In the fluorescence mode, the Eu-DPA@CQDs probe exhibited dual emission at 440nm and 613nm. Upon AMO addition, the fluorescence at both wavelengths was quenched, accompanied by a color change from red to purple. In the presence of CIP, the emission at 440nm increased and redshifted to 490nm, while the signal at 613nm was quenched, resulting in a multicolor transition from red to cyan. The Eu-DPA@CQDs sensor enabled rapid and dual-mode detection of AMO and CIP. The colorimetric method exhibited wide linear ranges of 0.005-25μM for AMO and 0.007-4.25μM for CIP, with detection limits of 1.67nM and 3.75nM, respectively. A visible color transition from dark blue to colorless was observed with increasing AMO concentration, while the addition of CIP reversed the signal back to dark blue. Similarly, the fluorescence detection achieved wide linear ranges from 0.005 to 30μM for AMO and 0.005 to 15μM for CIP, with detection limits as low as 4.74nM and 3.11nM, respectively, also within only 1min. As the concentration of AMO increased, the color shifted from red to purple. In contrast, increasing CIP concentration induced a color transition from red to cyan. These color transitions were both clearly visible to the naked eye. The sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity and anti-interference capability, providing a reliable platform for accurate, sensitive, and quantitative determination of both antibiotics in real samples.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered a priority pathogen by the World Health Organization due to its resistance to antibiotics. Isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin (CPFX), a bactericide commonly used against P. aeruginosa, usually carry the mutations T83I or D87N in the GyrA subunit of the DNA gyrase. Yet, the molecular mechanisms by which these mutations confer CPFX-resistance to P. aeruginosa are unknown. Here we solved the crystal structure of the P. aeruginosa gyrase catalytic cleavage core and used it to carry out molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of CPFX-gyrase binding in the wild-type as well as the T83I and the D87N mutant systems. Our results show that DNA plays the most prominent stabilizing role once CPFX is bound, with relatively minor contributions from Thr83 or Asp87. Interestingly, we found a solvent cavity adjacent to these residues that may provide CPFX access to the active site. Interaction energy analysis using Umbrella Sampling indicates that Thr83 and Asp87 may influence CPFX trajectory during binding. In the mutant systems, the repulsive potential increases at the cavity site, which may hinder CPFX accessing the binding site. These results shed light on P. aeruginosa resistance to CPFX and may help provide a methodology to identify new therapeutic agents to target fluoroquinolone resistant bacteria.

The rising threat of antibiotic-resistant enteric fever pathogens has compromised treatment efficacy, necessitating innovative approaches. Ciprofloxacin's potency is threatened by resistance, while Hyalophora cecropia cecropins show promise as alternative agents. This study addresses the need for a dual approach combining cecropins with ciprofloxacin to combat enteric fever, enhancing treatment outcomes and mitigating resistance. S. enterica isolates were characterized using cultural, morphological, and biochemical tests. Molecular identification was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin and cecropins was assessed using the disc diffusion method. Three S. enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi strains CMSCT, R192829 and WGS1146 (STCM, STRL, and STWG) were identified, exhibiting characteristic cultural, morphological, and biochemical features. Ciprofloxacin (CPX) showed inhibition zones of 15.76-19.30 mm, while cecropins (CP) showed inhibition zones of 14.50-17.90 mm. The combination of CPX and CP (CPX+CP) showed significantly higher inhibition zones (23.22-29.83 mm) compared to CPX and CP alone. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) among the inhibition zones. The study suggests that combining ciprofloxacin with cecropins enhances antibacterial activity against S. enterica isolates, providing a potential therapeutic approach against enteric fever. This study generates crucial insights into the antibacterial efficacy of cecropins and ciprofloxacin against S. enterica, highlighting the potential of combination therapy to combat antibiotic resistance.

Enteric bacterial pathogens are a significant threat to public health, particularly in developing countries with inadequate sanitation and hygiene practices.This study aimed to characterize enteric bacterial isolates from environmental samples and determine their antibiotic resistance patterns. Bacterial isolates were obtained from environmental samples and characterized using cultural, morphological, and biochemical tests. Molecular identification was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the disc diffusion method. Four bacterial species were identified: Escherichia coli strains NE1127 and JKHS016 (ECNE11 and ECJ6), Klebsiella pneumoniae strains 2014C06-125 and Kp2092 (KP2 and KPK2). The isolates exhibited varying levels of resistance to antibiotics, including penicillin (PN), streptomycin (S), cephalexin (CEP), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT), augmentin (AU), and ciprofloxacin (CN). The overall prevalence of antibiotic resistance was 60.34%, with 71.43% of isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in resistance patterns among the isolates (p < 0.05). The study highlights the presence of multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria in the environment, posing a risk to public health. There is a need for regular monitoring of antibiotic resistance patterns and implementation of effective control measures. This study provides valuable data on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant enteric bacteria in environmental samples, emphasizing the need for judicious use of antibiotics and proper waste management practices

Stream water contaminated with antibiotic-resistant enteric bacteria poses a significant threat to public health, serving as a reservoir for pathogens that can cause waterborne disease and complicate treatment. This study aimed to characterize enteric bacterial isolates from stream water samples and determine their antibiotic resistance patterns. Bacterial isolates were obtained from environmental samples and characterized using cultural, morphological, and biochemical tests. Molecular identification was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the disc diffusion method.. Four bacterial species were identified:Escherichia coli strains NE1127 and JKHS016 (ECNE11 and ECJ6), Klebsiella pneumoniae strains 2014C06-125 and Kp2092 (KP2 and KPK2) The isolates exhibited high levels of resistance to antibiotics, including streptomycin (S), penicillin (PN), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT), augmentin (AU), and ciprofloxacin (CN). The overall prevalence of antibiotic resistance was 63.33%, with 78.95% of isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in resistance patterns among the isolates (p = 0.012). The study highlights the presence of multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria in the environment, posing a risk to public health. There is a need for regular monitoring of antibiotic resistance patterns and implementation of effective control measures. This study provides valuable data on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant enteric bacteria in environmental samples, emphasizing the need for judicious use of antibiotics and proper waste management practices.

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant enteric bacteria is a significant public health concern, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to characterize enteric bacterial isolates from environmental samples and determine their antibiotic resistance patterns. Bacterial isolates were obtained from environmental samples and characterized using cultural, morphological, and biochemical tests. Molecular identification was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the disc diffusion method. Four bacterial species were identified: Escherichia coli strains NE1127 and JKHS016 (ECNE11 and ECJ6), Klebsiella pneumoniae strains 2014C06-125 and Kp2092 (KP2 and KPK2). The isolates exhibited varying levels of resistance to antibiotics, including penicillin (PN), streptomycin (S), cephalexin (CEP), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT), augmentin (AU), and ciprofloxacin (CN). The overall prevalence of antibiotic resistance was 54.72%, with 65.52% of isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in resistance patterns among the isolates (p = 0.021). The study highlights the presence of multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria in the environment, posing a risk to public health. There is a need for regular monitoring of antibiotic resistance patterns and implementation of effective control measures. This study provides valuable data on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant enteric bacteria in environmental samples, emphasizing the need for judicious use of antibiotics and proper waste management practices.

Environmental ciprofloxacin triggers pregnancy loss: senescence-driven miscarriage via TRIM21-mediated MFF degradation

The presence of emerging organic contaminants in water and effluents, including antibiotics, poses significant environmental and health risks. Moreover, while photocatalysis is a promising approach for their removal, the inefficient utilization of natural sunlight by common photocatalysts limits its large-scale use. This work demonstrates the enhanced sunlight-driven photodegradation of the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin (CIP) using a nanocomposite composed of carbon dots (CDs) and TiO2 (NC50:50). The CDs were obtained from corn stover, a major agricultural waste product. Initial testing was performed under artificial solar radiation: CIP was virtually fully degraded within 20 min, with a rate constant of 0.2372 min−1 and a 217% enhancement of catalytic activity over commercial TiO2. Validation under real-world irradiation conditions was subsequently made by performing photocatalytic assays under natural sunlight on different days under diverse meteorological conditions. The performance of NC50:50 was retained, degrading CIP within 30 min under natural conditions. Notably, while degradation by-products were identified under both artificial and natural sunlight, they were subsequently photodegraded by the nanocomposite under these conditions. This enhanced performance was attributed to a combination of effects resulting from CDs’ incorporation, namely, improved absorption of visible light, enhanced charge separation, and increased specific surface area. Furthermore, the addition of CDs resulted in changes in the reactive species generation profile, which can alter the available degradation pathways. Thus, this study provides insight that can be useful for strategies aimed at the rational design of sunlight-active TiO2-based photocatalysts with tunable surface reactivity.

UV-induced aging creates adsorption hotspots: Oxygen-containing functional groups on nanoplastics dictate the adsorption behavior of ciprofloxacin.

Emerging pharmaceutical contaminants such as antibiotics, personal care products, and anti-inflammatory drugs have become major environmental concerns due to their persistence and toxicity. In this study, Fe3O4 quantum dots supported on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (Fe3O4 QDs–rGO NSs) were successfully synthesized via a green hydrothermal route using Thuja occidentalis leaf extract as a natural reducing and capping agent. The resulting nanocomposites (NCs) exhibited a high surface area (168 m2 g−1) and mesoporous structure (average pore size ≈14 nm), favouring pollutant adsorption and charge separation. Under visible-light irradiation, the Fe3O4 QDs–rGO NSs demonstrated superior photocatalytic performance toward pharmaceutical contaminants, achieving degradation efficiencies of 94.5% for ciprofloxacin (CIP), 76.2% for ibuprofen (IBU), and 90.7% for tetracycline (THC) within 120 min at an optimum catalyst dose of 5 mg and neutral pH ≈ 7. The apparent first-order rate constants (k) were 0.024, 0.017, and 0.012 min−1 for CIP, IBU, and THC, respectively. The nanocomposite retained over 90% of its photocatalytic efficiency after five reuse cycles, confirming its excellent stability and recyclability. The enhanced activity is attributed to the synergistic interaction between Fe3O4 QDs and rGO, which promotes efficient charge carrier separation and radical generation. These results highlight the potential of bioinspired Fe3O4 QDs–rGO NSs as an efficient, sustainable photocatalyst for wastewater remediation applications.

Biomimetic ratiometric fluorescent sensor with MOF-confinement signal amplification and PQDs quenching for sensitive ciprofloxacin detection.