Cinnamomum Tamala Research Articles

Bioactive Ethnomedicinal Plant Extracts for the Management of Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy Women Challenges in Pandemic Period

Today urinary tract infection causing Escherichia coli is also serious problem among pregnant women especially during pandemic period. So the mid stream urine samples were collected from different clinics and Public Health Centre in from rural area of Salem city. Totally 25 E. coli was isolated from 25 mid stream urine samples and confirmed by biochemical test and growth parameters. In this study the optimum growth was recorded in pH 7 at 37ᵒC. To date the patterns of resistance to the antimicrobial agents may be due to indiscriminate, wide spread and lengthy use of antibiotics in the treatment of UTI particularly in pandemic situation 2022. So, the present research targeted to extract the therapeutic drug from the high medicinal value of ethano medicinal plant extract because it having anti-UTI compound to diagnose the UTI infection. In this research the antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula, Allium sativum, Laurus nobilis, Hybamthus enneapermus, Cinnamomum tamala and Zingiber officinale was studied by agar well diffusion method. Four different concentrations (25μl, 50μl, 75μl and 100μl) were used against Escherichia coli. The maximum zone of inhibition were observed in plant extracts Terminalia chebula 11mm, 13mm, 16mm and 20mm in strain no. EC05 followed by minimum zone of inhibition was observed in the plant extract Hybamthus enneapermus 10mm in strain no. EC05 at 100μl concentration of crude plant extracts. The research proved the ethano medicinal plant extract to cleave the pathogenic cell wall of E. coli.
 Keywords: E. coli, Urinary tract infection, Pregnancy Women, Medicinal Plant Extracts

Facile Green Synthesis of Cinnamomum tamala Extract Capped Silver Nanoparticles and its Biological Applications

Abstract The plant mediated biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles is of magnificent concern due to its eco-benign and single pot nature. Here, Cinnamomum tamala (C. tamala) aqueous leaf extract was utilised for the silver nanoparticles’ (Ag NPs) synthesis. The phytoconstituents in the leaf extract were analysed by standard methods. These metabolites, especially carbohydrate polymers reduce Ag ions to Ag NPs accompanied by a reddish-brown coloration of the reaction mixture. The visual observation of intense brown colour is the first indication of the formation of Ag NPs. Various spectro-analytical techniques further characterise the Ag NPs. The green synthesised spherical Ag NPs were crystalline with an average size of 38 nm. The Ag NPs were scrutinised for antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity and obtained good results. The free radical scavenging was studied by 2, 2-Diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The antibacterial activity of Ag NPs was assessed against human pathogens, and it shown to have good antibacterial potency against a wide spectrum of bacteria. The cytotoxic activity against HEK-293T (human embryonic kidney) cell line was evaluated by 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay. These potent biological activities enable C. tamala capped Ag NPs to be suitable candidates for the future applications in various fields, predominantly clinical and biomedical.

Ethnobotanical study of plant resources in Dhurkot rural municipality, Gulmi district Nepal

Background. Despite easy access to modern medicines, people are still using plant-based medicine for their primary healthcare needs. People, particularly in the rural area are more dependent on herbal medicines. This study aims to explore the essential plants used in medicine locally and their uses on different ailments and diseases in Dhurkot Rural Municipality of Gulmi district, a western district of Nepal. Methodology. The study includes several visits to different community forests, interviews, and discussions with people at different time intervals from February to October 2021. Data were collected through Focus group discussion, transect walk, direct observation, and key informant interviews. Local indigenous healers, popularly known as "dhami", "pujari", "guru" and elderly people who know the uses of medicinal and aromatic plants helped us in collecting information about the utilization of plants as medicines. Results. Altogether 67 plant species belonging to 39 families and 64 genera were used by the people for their primary healthcare needs to treat different health problems. We found that the leaves are the most used parts of the plant followed by barks. During preference ranking among 484 individuals and focus group discussion people showed a preference for Cinnamomum tamala (Lauraceae) followed by Phyllanthus emblica (Phyllanthaceae), Zanthoxylam armatum (Rutaceae). Herbs are dominant among the plant forms used followed by trees, shrubs, and climbers. Conclusion. We conclude that people in this area still depend on plant-based medicine for their primary health care needs. Many people seek traditional remedies when they suffer from various common health problems. Besides this, abundance of medicinal plants in the region are declining due to various anthropogenic factors, infrastructure development, and climate change. Thus, appropriate conservation and management approaches along with proper identification and cultivation of important medicinal and aromatic plants are urgently required in the study area. Keywords: Ethnobotany, indigenous healers, focus group discussion, traditional medicines.

Antimicrobial activity of endophytes isolated from Cinnamomum tamala against human pathogens

Antimicrobial activity of endophytes isolated from Cinnamomum tamala against human pathogens

Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on early seedling growth and seed germination of Cinnamomum tamala

Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on early seedling growth and seed germination of Cinnamomum tamala

Development of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from Cinnamomum tamala for anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activity

Development of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from Cinnamomum tamala for anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activity

Ethnomedicinal Uses of Plants from Kapurkot, Salyan District, Nepal

The present study aims to document the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants of Kapurkot rural municipality of Salyan District, Karnali province, Nepal. Ethno medicinal information was collected through interview with 40 respondents from Mulpani, Sallyan District. Altogether 59 ethnomedicinal plant species are used for the remedies of different health ailments. Respondents of the age group 25-35 years were found actively participating in this survey. Zingiberaceae as well as the Lauraceae family were found to have the highest number of species used for ethno-medicinal purposes. On the basis of their habit, herb species are found to be highly dominated. The recorded 59 ethnomedicinal plants were used in the treatment of various diseases such as cuts and wounds, skin diseases, fever, cough, boils, burns, common cold, etc. From this study, mainly common cold and cough are mostly recovered ailments from medicinal plant species. The study is mainly based on the experienced knowledge and information which they gain from their elders, mainly from grandparents, which might pass from generation to generation. This current study reveals that Zanthoxylum armatum (Timur), Cinnamomum tamala (Tejpaat) and Zingiber officinale (Adhuwa) are respectively found to be highly traded medicinal plants of the study area. For the preservation of ethnomedicinal plants species as well as their traditional knowledge, different conservation activities should be practiced. Such gained information and knowledge should be passed from generation to generation and encourage them to preserve for sustainable use of traditional documentation.

Chitosan based bio-nanocomposites packaging films with unique mechanical and barrier properties

An increased demand for eco-friendly bio-degradable food packaging material is arising to control the worldwide environmental crises due to petroleum derived plastic packaging. In this contribution, bio-nanocomposite films were synthesized by solvent casting. Chitosan was used as a matrix, glycerol as plasticizer and different plant extracts (Cinnamomum tamala, Amomum subulatum and Mentha piperita) served as additives. Two nanofillers i-e nano-keratin (derived from cross linked chicken feather keratin) and cellulose nanocrystals (derived from cellulose) were employed for nano-reinforcement of chitosan. Optimum addition of CNC significantly enhanced the tensile strength whereas nano-keratin addition increased the percent elongation of the prepared films. Interestingly, Synergistic effect of adding both nano fillers and extracts in chitosan matrix displayed 59% increase in tensile strength, 42% decrease in water vapor permeability and almost 2-fold increase in opacity. Bio-nanocomposite films exhibited better viscoelastic properties (higher glass transition temperature) as compared to chitosan control. A delayed melting and thermal degradation temperature of prepared bio-nanocomposite films was achieved that clearly showed significant thermal stability. Our results suggest that combinatorial use of CNC, nano-keratin and extracts in formulation of chitosan films exhibit a synergistic effect with enhanced thermo-mechanical and barrier properties for improved shelf life of packaged food.

GC-MS Profiling and Bioactivities of Essential Oil and Extracts of Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) Nees & Eberm. Leaves from Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

The present work reports the phytoconstituents present in the essential oil and four different solvent extracts of Cinnamomum tamala leaves. Their antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant potential were also evaluated. The extraction of essential oil was performed by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus and its chemical composition was identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The leaf extracts were obtained by the cold percolation method. Linalool and cinnamaldehyde (E) were major compounds in the oil. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of terpenoid, glycoside, tannin, reducing sugar, polyphenol, saponin, flavonoid, and alkaloid. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were quantified using Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminium chloride colorimetric assay, respectively. The methanol extract (98.36 mg GAE/g) and ethyl acetate extract (90.44 mg GAE/g) showed higher TPC values. Similarly, the TFC value of ethyl acetate extract was higher (478.78 mg QE/ g) than the other extracts. The antioxidant activity of extracts was assessed by using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay in which the ethyl acetate extract showed high antioxidant efficacy. The essential oil and chloroform extract showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans, while only the oil showed activity against Shigella dysenteriae.

Traditional food knowledge of local people and its sustainability in mountains of Uttarakhand State of India.

With homogenisation of various cultural groups due to outside forces and the effect of globalisation, many traditional foods, as developed by various cultural groups, have been lost or on the verge of elimination. In this context, the present study aims to examine and document the traditional food knowledge of local people in Uttarakhand State of India. Interviews and interactions with the local people resulted in documentation of 38 cuisines traditionally prepared by the local people of selected study regions in Uttarakhand. Apart from boiled rice and chapattis (flatbread) of wheat flour, chapattis and porridge of finger millet flour and boiled barnyard and foxtail millets were frequently consumed dishes in combination with dishes made with locally grown pulses such as horse gram and black gram and vegetables such as potato, radish and other leafy vegetables. The supplementary dishes were locally called as fanu, chaisu, gathoni, thechwani, kafli and kadhi. Plants formed the major ingredients in making traditional cuisines. The present study documented 41 plant species comprising of cereals, millets, pulses and spices. With a view to enhance the taste of the dishes, different spices and condiments such as Allium humile, Allium wallichii, Cleome viscosa, Cannabis sativa, Perilla frutescens and Cinnamomum tamala were used by the local people. These dishes possessed some unique characteristics and ethno-medicinal values; hence, when required, they were used to cure a number of ailments as well. Since most of the mountain region in the study area was once inaccessible and health facilities were not much developed till recent times, the traditional health-care system was supported by the traditional food systems. The findings of the present study are further discussed in the context of sustainability of socio-ecological systems of Uttarakhand.

Cinnamtannin D1 ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by preventing Th17/Treg imbalance through activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic gastrointestinal disease, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), which is typically characterized by chronicity and relapse. Cinnamtannin D1 (CTD1), extracted from Cinnamomum tamala, has been found to exert good immunosuppressive activity. However, the role of CTD1 in IBD is unclear. The colitis mice model was established by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment. Protein levels (p-STAT3/STAT3, ROR-γt, p-STAT5/STAT5, FOXP3, p-AMPK/AMPK, and p-mTOR/mTOR) were examined using Western blotting analysis. Changes in histopathology were detected through hematoxylin and eosin staining. The proportion of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells was measured by flow cytometry analysis. CTD1 improved body weight and colon length, and alleviated inflammation and histological damage in DSS-induced colitis mice model. DSS treatment also demonstrated a negative effect on Th17-Treg cells balance whereas CTD1 restored the balance of Th17- Treg cells in DSS-induced colitis mice model. Regulatory factors (such as STAT3, ROR-γt, STAT5, and FOXP3) that closely related to the balance of Th17-Treg cells were regulated by CTD1. In addition, AMPK phosphorylation was increased and mTOR phosphorylation was inhibited by CTD1 in DSS-induced colitis mice model. These findings established that CTD1 improved DSS-induced colitis by suppressing Th17-Treg cells balance by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway. This study provided a new strategy for developing novel treatments for patients with IBD.

Preparation and characterization of a novel nanoemulsion consisting of chitosan and Cinnamomum tamala essential oil and its effect on shelf-life lengthening of stored millets

This study aimed to improve the stability of Cinnamomum tamala essential oil (CTEO) via encapsulating into chitosan nanoemulsion (CsNe) through an ionic-gelation technique and explore its food preservative efficacy against aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus (AFLHPSi-1, isolated from stored millet), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination, and lipid peroxidation, causing qualitative deterioration of stored millets. The CTEO was characterized through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis that confirmed the presence of linalool as a major component occupying approximately 82.64% of the total oil. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of CTEO-CsNe were found to be 97.71% and 3.33%, respectively. In vitro release study showed a biphasic release pattern: with an initial burst release followed by a controlled release of CTEO. During investigation of efficacy, the CTEO-CsNe caused complete inhibition of A. flavus growth, and AFB1 biosynthesis at 1.0 and 0.8 μL/mL, respectively. The CTEO-CsNe exhibited its antifungal mode of action by altering fungal plasma membrane integrity (ergosterol inhibition) and permeability (leakage of important cellular constituents), and antiaflatoxigenic mode of action by inhibiting cellular methylglyoxal biosynthesis. CTEO-CsNe showed high free radical scavenging capacity (IC50 = 5.08 and 2.56 μL/mL) against DPPH•+ and ABTS•+ radicals, respectively. In addition, CTEO-CsNe presented remarkable preservative efficacy, inhibiting AFB1 and lipid peroxidation in model food system (Setaria italica) without altering their organoleptic properties. Based on overall results, CTEO-CsNe can be recommended as a novel shelf-life enhancer of stored millet samples.

Phytochemical Screening and HPTLC Analysis of Bio-active Markers of Ethanol Extract of Indian Bay Leaves

ABSTRACT Solvent extracts of Cinnamomum tamala (CT) leaves were screened for phytochemicals, and the flavonoid and phenolic contents were estimated. The two standard marker compounds quercetin and eugenol were also quantified using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The total flavonoid and phenolic contents were determined using aluminum chloride and Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric methods, respectively. The ethanolic extracts had the highest total flavonoid and phenolic contents with 141.31 ± 0.053 mg QE g−1 and 178.96 ± 0.62 mg GAE g−1, respectively. The HPTLC method was used to detect spots for quercetin and eugenol (Rf value of 0.63 and 0.59, respectively). The amounts of eugenol and quercetin were 452.6 µg and 705.6 µg in 100 mg of the ethanolic extract of CT leaves, respectively.

Bioinspired synthesis of hematite nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide composite for application in bisphenol a detection: A new in-sight

Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the well-known environmental endocrine-disrupting compounds, has an effective estrogenic activity that badly impacts the environment and human health. Therefore, an urgent need arises to develop a simple and effective method for BPA detection. Herein, we report novel, disposable and flexible nanoplatforms for electrochemical determination of BPA using carbon cloth electrode supported hematite nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3NPs) on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite. The α-Fe2O3NPs@rGO composite was synthesized through a green route using leaves extract of Cinnamomum tamala that acted as a reducing and stabilizing agent for α-Fe2O3NPs followed by the addition of graphene oxide to convert it into rGO. The nanoplatform was fabricated using the electrophoretic deposition technique on carbon cloth (CC) substrate, i.e., (α-Fe2O3NPs@rGO/CC). The analytical performance of α-Fe2O3NPs@rGO/CC nanoplatform is ascribed to the synergistic effect of α-Fe2O3NPs and rGO that resulted in a larger active surface to volume ratio, superior conductivity, and enhanced electrochemical behavior. The fabricated α-Fe2O3NPs@rGO/CC nanoplatform exhibited a broad linear range from 1.9 × 10−10 to 1.00 μM having a higher sensitivity of 33.04 μA (log μM)−1 cm−2 and a low limit of detection of 0.23 μM. It also displayed excellent selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and stability with satisfying results. Moreover, the electrochemical nanoplatform helped analyze the real samples to detect BPA with acceptable results. Hence, this nanoplatform could be further utilized to detect other estrogenic analytes.

Structural interactions of phytoconstituent(s) from cinnamon, bay leaf, oregano, and parsley with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein: A comparative assessment for development of potential antiviral nutraceuticals.

SARS‐CoV‐2 has been responsible for causing 6,218,308 deaths globally till date and has garnered worldwide attention. The lack of effective preventive and therapeutic drugs against SARS‐CoV‐2 has further worsened the scenario and has bolstered research in the area. The N‐terminal and C‐terminal RNA binding domains (NTD and CTD) of SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein represent attractive therapeutic drug targets. Naturally occurring compounds are an excellent source of novel drug candidates due to their structural diversity and safety. Ten major bioactive compounds were identified in ethanolic extract (s) of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cinnamomum tamala, Origanum vulgare, and Petroselinum crispum using HPLC and their cytotoxic potential was determined against cancer and normal cell lines by MTT assay to ascertain their biological activity in vitro. To evaluate their antiviral potential, the binding efficacy to NTD and CTD of SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein was determined using in silico biology tools. In silico assessment of the phytocomponents revealed that most of the phytoconstituents displayed a druglike character with no predicted toxicity. Binding affinities were in the order apigenin > catechin > apiin toward SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid NTD. Toward nucleocapsid CTD, the affinity decreased as apigenin > cinnamic acid > catechin. Remdesivir displayed lesser affinity with NTD and CTD of SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid proteins than any of the studied phytoconstituents. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results revealed that throughout the 100 ns simulation, SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein NTD‐apigenin complex displayed greater stability than SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein NTD‐cinnamic acid complex. Hence, apigenin, catechin, apiin and cinnamic acid might prove as effective prophylactic and therapeutic candidates against SARS‐CoV‐2, if examined further in vitro and in vivo.Practical applicationsTen major bioactive compounds were identified in the extract(s) of four medicinally important plants viz. Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cinnamomum tamala, Origanum vulgare and Petroselinum crispum using HPLC and their biological activity was also evaluated against cancer and normal cell lines. Interestingly, while all extract(s) wielded significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells, no significant toxicity was found against normal cells. The outcome of the results prompted evaluation of the antiviral potential of the ten bioactive compounds using in silico biology tools. The present study emphasizes on the application of computational approaches to understand the binding interaction and efficacy of the ten bioactive compounds from the above plants with SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein N‐terminal and C‐terminal RNA binding domains in preventing and/or treating COVID‐19 using in silico tools. Druglikeness and toxicity profiles of the compounds were carried out to check the therapeutic application of the components. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed to check the stability of ligand‐protein complexes. The results provided useful insights into the structural binding interaction(s) that can be exploited for the further development of potential antiviral agents targeting SARS‐CoV‐2 especially since no specific therapy is still available to combat the rapidly evolving virus and the existing treatment is more or less symptomatic which makes search for novel antiviral agents all the more necessary and crucial.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Cinnamomum tamala (Tejpata) leaf and their potential application to control multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from hospital drainage water

Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles is becoming a more common method for producing nanoparticles with a diameter of 1–100 nm that may be employed in a variety of medical applications. The antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from Cinnamomum tamala (Tejpata) leaf extract against antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is investigated in this study. Green AgNP synthesis is safe, cost-effective, and ecologically friendly. The biosynthesized AgNPs were studied using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The AgNPs were virtually spherical, with an average size of 25–30 nm, according to TEM observations. Biochemical and molecular identification were used to isolate multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa from the hospital's drainage water. The antibacterial potential of AgNPs against P. aeruginosa is determined using the agar diffusion method. Silver nanoparticles produced from Cinnamomum tamala (Tejpata) leaf extract were shown to be effective in inhibiting four strains of P. aeruginosa. According to the agar disc diffusion method, AgNPs had the largest inhibition zone of 17.67 ± 0.577 mm, while aqueous extract had 5.67 ± 0.5777 mm, indicating that AgNPs had antibacterial activity. This study on AgNPs might assist with managing multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria and be a possible source of medicinal application due to its potential antibacterial effect.

Evaluation of Phytochemical and Antibacterial properties of leaf extract of Cinnamomum tamala oil

Cinnamomum tamala, commonly known as tej patta is widely used as a spice in Indian cuisine for its aroma and flavoring property as the leaves contain essential oil. The essential oil is extracted with the help of the Clevenger apparatus using dry leaves. This oil is mainly used as medicine for releasing gas as well as a carminative agent and diuretic agent. It also improves the digestive system and helps in increasing appetite. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical properties and antibacterial potential of different extracts (aqueous, methanol, and acetone) and oil of C. tamala leaves. The phytochemical evaluation shows the presence and absence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, steroids, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, saponins, proteins, and carbohydrates in the aqueous, methanol, and acetone extracts. The efficacy of antibacterial properties of prepared extracts was examined against E. coli and Salmonella typhi (gram-negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis (gram-positive bacteria). These bacterial cultures were obtained from IMTech Chandigarh. From the results of the antibacterial study it has become evident that among three extracts, the maximum zone of inhibition was obtained in the aqueous extract which was followed by methanolic and acetone extract. With the help of a Clevenger apparatus, Bay leaf oil was extracted to establish antibacterial properties. Henceforth, to analyze the antibacterial potential of the oil sample, the test was performed against the mentioned bacterial species (E. coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis) and reported significant antibacterial activities. From the outcome of this study, it has become clear that Bay leaf oil has potent antibacterial properties against selected bacterial species.

Physicochemical Characterization of Cinnamomum Tamala Seed Oil

Abstract: Cinnamomum tamala seeds oil was extracted by an organic solvent and analyzed for its physicochemical properties i.e. acid value, iodine value, moisture content, density and refractive index. The acid value, moisture content and iodine value were 1.118 mg KOH/g oil, 0.101% and 120.32 gI2/100 g respectively. The density and refractive index of the oil were found to be 0.8986 g/cm3 and 1.4685 respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis of Cinnamomum tamala seeds oil detects the unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid (47.01 wt.% ) and oleic acid (26.32 wt.% ) which together account for more than 70% of total fatty acids. The prominent saturated fatty acid present is palmitic acid (18.97 wt.%). Keywords: Cinnamomum tamala, unsaturated acid, Musa balbisiana Colla, transesterification

Lipidome analysis and metabolite profiling of fixed oils from selected spices

Fixed oils are potential treasures of various bioactive compounds. Here, we extracted fixed oils from spices, namely Cinnamomum cassia, Amomum subulatum, Punica granatum L., Papaver somniferum L., Elettaria cardamomum L., Tamarindus indica L., and Cinnamomum tamala, and studied their fatty acid and triacylglycerol (TAG) composition. It was observed that P. somniferum (47.09%) yielded the highest amount of fixed oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling of the fixed oils showed the presence of oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids. Lipidome analysis via high-resolution mass spectrometry confirmed large diversity of TAG molecular species ranging from C38:0 to C60:4. Further, the antioxidant potential and nutraceutical profile of fixed oils were studied by determining the phenolics, tocopherols, sterols, and squalene content through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hydroxybenzoic acid, trans -cinnamic acid, p -coumaric, and kaempferol were the dominant phenolic compounds present in the studied fixed oils. HPLC confirmed the highest amounts of α-tocopherol in C. tamala (282.42 mg/100 g oil) and T. indica (251.89 mg/100 g oil) fixed oils. The β-sitosterol was the major sterol in all the studied fixed oils. The study enhances our understanding of lipids and secondary metabolites from fixed oils and paves way for its nutraceutical and industrial applications.

Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Ethanolic Extracts of Cissus quadrangularis and Cinnamomum tamala - An in vitro Study

Background: Diabetes is a rapidly growing metabolic disorder of the present generation. Uncontrolled diabetes leads to various complications which in turn affects the vascular system, neuropathy,and more. Medicinal plants are always a good source of drug equivalent currently present. Antidiabetic drugs lead to a large amount of side effects. A comparative study was made between Cissus quadrangularis and Cinnamomum tamala for its antidiabetic potential.
 Aim: To evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of ethanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis and Cinnamomum tamala and to compare its efficacy.
 Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extracts of Cissus quadrangularis and Cinnamomum tamala were tested for its phytoconstituents, antioxidant and antidiabetic potential.The data were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test and it was used to see the statistical significance among the groups. The results with the p<0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.
 Results: Phytochemical screening showed a strong presence of flavonoids and terpenoids in both the plant extract. Results showed that plant extract had antidiabetic and antioxidant activity. Among them Cissus quadrangularis exhibited significantly more antidiabetic and antioxidant activity.
 Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Cissus and Cinnamomum tamala exhibits potent antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. With further invivo and invitro studies the plant extract can be formulated into a potent antidiabetic drug.