CIDI Engine Research Articles

Static fuel injection timing’s effect on emissions of madhuca indica bio-diesel mixtures as fuel to operate direct injection diesel engine

The CIDI engine parameters of Madhuca indica bio-diesel and its various mixtures with conventional fuel is demonstrated. A four-stroke conventional CI engine tests are conducted with various static fuel injection timings (SITs) of 22°, 23° and 24° bTDC with 220 bar standard NOP at full load. From the present experimental outcomes, it is found that 22° bTDC for base fuel (B-0) and 50% of base fuel and 50% of bio-diesel (B-50) fuel give lower HC, CO, smoke density and NOx.

Trade-off characteristic between soot and oxides of nitrogen emission with pre-injected diesel and biodiesel in a SICI-CIDI engine

In this work, SICI mode (Split Injection Compression Ignition) was tested, using diesel as a split injected fuel along with the diesel and biodiesel main injection with various split injected ratios of 0.20, 0.40 and 0.60. Re-circulated Exhaust Gas has been used to analyse the variation in performance and emission, with the exhaust gas rate was varied from 10% to 30% to control nitrogen di oxide and nitrous oxide emissions. The experimental results compared with conventional diesel injection was done in the main chamber. It has been established that hydrocarbons, soot emissions, and carbon monoxide increase as per the experiments carried out on a CIDI engine. With up to 20% recirculated exhaust gas, soot emission decreases and increases when recirculated exhaust gas was increased beyond 20%. So, 20% recirculated exhaust gas would be the optimum use for SICI mode (Split Injection Compression Ignition) with a Split Injected ratio of 0.20%. Compared to CIDI mode, brake thermal efficiency has been slightly decreased. Consequential reduction in NOx can be achieved with the SICI combustion mode due to the lean operation.

Investigations on durability and lubricating oil degradation of CIDI engine fuelled with tamarind seed oil methyl ester

Owing to the different chemical composition of biodiesel and diesel fuel, the comparative effect of long-term usage of this fuel can have a significant effect on engine service life. In the present work, the durability and lubricating oil degradation of diesel engine, fuelled with Tamarind seed oil methyl ester (TSOME), was studied in 512 h endurance test and results were compared with baseline diesel fuel. The diesel-operated engine showed higher carbon deposition on engine components than TSOME-operated one. Piston wear was lowered by 18–20%, while weight loss of piston ring was lowered for TSOME fuel. Similarly, the wear of fuel injection components was reduced by 29–36% for TSOME-operated engine. Long-term use of biodiesel lowered the viscosity lubricating oil by 4–6%; however, other properties, such as density, flash point and total base number, did not alter much. The overall results indicate that TSOME can deliver excellent endurance performance in diesel engines.

Graphene nanoparticle as an additives and its influence on pure diesel and biodiesel fuelled CIDI engine

ABSTRACT In this experimental investigation, graphene nano additive was used at different proportions from 25 to 100ppm with an interval of 25ppm. It was then dispersed into the neat diesel and 20% Calophyllum inophyllum blend and its properties were determined. Further, experimentation was conducted for selected fuels in a CI engine. The discussions revealed that BTHE increased by 0.54 and 0.03% for CI20 with GNA of 25 and 50ppm. VE was decreased by 0.19, 0.32, 0.59, and 0.70%. EGT was decreased by 7.69, 7.57, 6.71, 6.81, and 7.55% for CI20 with GNA of 25 to 100 ppm. CO emissions were decreased by 12.8, 10.37, 8.71, and 1.65%, HC emissions were lessened by 72.44, 74.48, 75.5, and 76.5%, NOx emissions were reduced by 19.34, 17.56, 19.53, and 16.88%, opacity reduced by 7.1, 5.13, 4.47, and 4.07% for CI20 with GNA of 25 to 100ppm. The maximum cylinder pressure was reduced by 0.76, 1.02, 1.55, and 0.36%, RPR was increased by 36.58%, 33.69%, 38.82%, and 35.33% for CI20 with GNA of 25 to 100ppm. 90% MFB was taken for all blends at the difference of approximately 1°CA from that of diesel. Therefore, CI20 with GNA proportions is a promising substitute for diesel fuel.

Performance and Emission Analysis of CIDI Engine Fueled with Palm Biodiesel Blends and Nano Particles

The diesel fuel is most extensively used fossil fuel in automotives and a single major source of hazardous environment pollutant across the globe. As of late, the exploration thinks about distinguished that plant based biodiesel are turning into a promising option sustainable fuel and the consumable/non-eatable oils and creature fats can be utilized feed-stock in arrangement of biodiesel, in light of the fact that its chemical properties practically like fossil diesel fuel, non-poisonous, clean consuming and inexhaustible source. In this work, the performance analysis and emission characteristics of single cylinder, 4-stroke, and water cooled diesel engine was carried-out using Palm oil methyl ester as biodiesel alternative to diesel fuel. Experimental tests have been conducted with range of engine loads using palm oil methyl ester (PME) and its diesel blends with biodiesel in the ratio of 10:90 (B10), 20:80 (B20), and 30:70 (B30), 40:60 (B40), PME 100% (B100) and petro-diesel 100% by volume with and without antimony tin oxide (ATO) additive. In this research work brake power (BP), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), fuel consumption (FC) are considered as engine performance characteristics and carbon monox ide (CO), hydro carbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are considered as emission characteristics. The experimental results revealed that B10 blend of biodiesel has comparable brake thermal efficiency as diesel. B10 has lowest and B100 has highest BSFC, FC among all the biodiesel blends and biodiesel has lower CO emission, lower HC emission and moderately higher NOx emission when compared with diesel. B10 has shown comparable performance as diesel and it can be considered as alternative to diesel fuel.

Smoke Emission Levels for CI DI Engine using Blends of Combinations of Biodiesel and Diesel Fuel

In the present time the entire world is worried about the impact of condition contamination and the emissions from vehicle as a result of utilization of petroleum product is considered as a noteworthy commitment to it. The second part of the petroleum product is the exhaustion of fuel prompts considering elective fuel for running the autos. Biodiesel is turned out to be the best trade for diesel as a result of its novel properties like huge decrease in green house gas emissions, non-sulfur discharges, non-particulate issue poisons, low poisonous quality and biodegradability. This paper is focused on the blends of biodiesel (delivered from Waste Cooking oil WCO and Pongamia) blends and their impact on the smoke emissions of cars. In the wake of leading a few tests it is inferred that the discharge level for lower blends, the emission level for pure diesel is more than the biodiesel blends on account of quality of oxygen uses in a high fuel burning and to higher blends, Smoke density is to be highest for biodiesel and its blends when contrasted and pure diesel.

Effect of increased fuel volatility on CDC operation in a light-duty CIDI engine

Alternative diesel fuels derived from biomass can vary significantly in volatility compared to their petroleum-derived counterparts, and their appropriate utilization is contingent on their compatibility with existing engine infrastructure. To investigate this compatibility, experiments were carried out to study the effect of fuel volatility on conventional diesel combustion (CDC) performance under a wide range of in-cylinder thermodynamic conditions at start of injection (SOI). Fuels of matched reactivity (i.e., cetane number (CN)) and varying volatility were produced by blending binary mixtures of 2,6,10-trimethyldodecane (farnesane) and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane, octane number primary reference fuels (PRF), and cetane number secondary reference fuels (SRF). Nine fuel blends were tested in total, consisting of 3 volatility characteristics at 3 reactivity levels. Five engine operating conditions were utilized, ranging from 14.7–29kg/m3 and 980–1120K in-cylinder density and temperature at SOI. Testing was performed in a single-cylinder GM 1.9L diesel engine. Only small differences in ignition delay (ID), in-cylinder pressure, and heat release rate (HRR) were observed between fuels of matched CN, regardless of their volatility. An analysis of the spray breakup and mixture formation process indicated that there were only small variations in ambient air entrainment and jet temperature between fuel blends, in agreement with the observed combustion behavior.

Influence of increased exhaust gas recirculation ratio on the thermodynamic processes in CI DI engine

The aim of the conducted research was the thermodynamic identification of combustion process involving up to 50-60% recirculated exhaust gasses in compression ignition engine. The values of the respective indicators obtained for the high share of exhaust gasses in the cylinder were compared to the values obtained in the engine working without EGR. The research was conducted on the single-cylinder AVL 5804 engine equipped with recirculated gas cooling system. The conditions of combustion process were determined using indicators of engine operation and measurements of fast-varying cylinder pressure. The evaluation of the influence of different share of exhaust gases in the cylinder on the combustion course and heat release was conducted. As a result of the conducted research the possibility of utilizing the high share of exhaust gasses (50-60%) with simultaneous ecological benefits, not only in relation to nitrogen oxides, was demonstrated.

Experimental investigations on a variable compression ratio (VCR) CIDI engine with a blend of methyl esters palm stearin-diesel for performance and emissions

ABSTRACTThe present work deals with an experimental evaluation of the existing diesel engine with a blend of methyl esters of palm stearin (PS) oil and petro-diesel under varying injection pressures and compression ratios (CRs). It was observed that the brake thermal efficiency of engine was high with PSME40 at an injection pressure of 210 bar and CR of 16.5 when compared to other fuel injection pressures of 190 and 230 bar. However, the engine performance was superior with CR 19 at the rated injection pressure of 190 bar. Higher peak pressures are observed with higher CR. The engine emissions in terms of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and smoke opacity were lower but the nitrogen oxides were found to be increased due to the better combustion. It is observed that CR and fuel injection pressure simultaneously played a vital role in the reduction of emissions. The study revealed that PS could be explored as a source for producing biodiesel effectively with environmental concerns.

Engine performance of biodiesel-biodiesel blends at varying engine speeds

Biodiesel blends with petroleum diesel have long been experimented on and considered good alternatives to petroleum diesel. Most blends considered biodiesel percentages of 20 and less. This work considered blending B100 of separate biodiesel feedstocks to determine their influence on improving physiochemical properties and engine performance. Palm kernel oil methyl ester (PKOME), Jatropha curcas methyl ester (JCME) and coconut oil methyl ester (COME) were blended with the help of a blending machine at 4000 rpm and run in a VW diesel engine to determine their effect on each other in terms of emissions and engine performance. PKOME & COME were blended in proportions of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% to determine the best blend for optimum physiochemical properties and engine performance. JCME was also blended with COME in the same proportions. Ten separate test fuels of biodiesel and biodiesel-biodiesel blends were run at engine speeds between 800 rpm to 1 800 rpm to determine influence on engine performance and emissions. In terms of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption, the optimum values were obtained with 75% COME and 25% PKOME with brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC) of 15.4 MJ/kWh, CO (0.39 Vol. %), HC (45 ppm) and NOx (146 ppm). The optimum blend of JCME and COME was in the proportion of 75% JCME and 25% COME with BSEC of 13 MJ/kWh and CO, HC and NOx emissions of 0.24 Vol. %, 65 ppm and 256 ppm respectively. The results show that blending biodiesel of different feedstock can improve CIDI engine performance and exhaust emissions.

Effect of Injection Pressure on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of VCR engine using Honne Biodiesel as a Fuel

This paper deals with the experimental work which has been carried out to investigate the effect of fuel injection pressure (180, 210 and 240bar) on the performance and emission characteristics of single cylinder variable compression ratio, CI DI engine fuelled with the blends of Honne biodiesel and diesel. The compression ratio of the engine is set to 18 compared to default value of 17.5. The performance parameters evaluated were brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature and the exhaust emissions measured were carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen. The results with biodiesel and diesel blends are compared with that of diesel. The result indicated that the BSFC for Honne biodiesel is higher by 0.042 Kg/kW hr as compared to that of Diesel oil at IP of 240bar. A marginal increase in BMEP with increase in IP is observed for all the fuels tested. The variations of thermal performance parameters at different Injection pressures from 180bar to 240bar in steps of 30bar and maintaining a constant compression ratio at 18 and load at 12kg are presented in Figures 4.33 to 4.41. The injection timing was maintained at constant manufacturers default value of 23° bTDC. Honne biodiesel (B100) gives minimum harmful emissions as compared to all other blends. Further at a higher compression ratio of 18 and injection pressure of 240bar, fairly reduced emissions are observed irrespective of the fuel used. The NOx emissions increase with increase in IP. The NOx emissions increase as the blend proportion is increased. B20 blend gives better thermal performance compared to other blend of Honne biodiesel, but it causes higher levels of exhaust emissions.

Performance Evaluation of Biodiesel-Biodiesel Blends in a dedicated CIDI Engine

Performance Evaluation of Biodiesel-Biodiesel Blends in a dedicated CIDI Engine

Tribological Investigation and the Effect of Karanja Biodiesel on Engine Wear in Compression Ignition Engine

Various biomass based resources, which can be used as an extender, or a complete substitute of diesel fuel may have very significant role in the development of agriculture, industrial and transport sectors in the energy crisis. Use of Karanja oil methyl ester biodiesel in a CI DI engine was found highly compatible with engine performance along with lower exhaust emission as compared to diesel fuel but with slightly higher NOx emission and low wear characteristics. The combustion related properties of vegetable oils are somewhat similar to diesel oil. Neat vegetable oils or their blends with diesel, however, pose various long-term problems in compression ignition engines. These undesirable features of vegetable oils are because of their inherent properties like high viscosity, low volatility, and polyunsaturated character. Pongamia methyl ester (PME) was prepared by transesterification process using methanol for long term engine operations. The physical and combustion-related properties of the fuels thus developed were found to be closer to that of the diesel. A neat biodiesel (PME) was selected as a fuel for the tribological study of biofuels. Two similar new engines were completely disassembled and subjected to dimensioning of various vital moving parts and then subjected to long-term endurance tests on neat biodiesel and diesel respectively. After completion of the test, both the engines were again disassembled for physical inspection and wear measurement of various vital parts. The lubricating oil samples drawn from both engines were subjected to atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) for measurement of various wear metal traces present. The additional lubricating property of biodiesel fuel due to higher viscosity as compared to diesel fuel resulted in lower wear of moving parts and thus improved the engine durability with a bio-diesel fuel. Results reported from AAS tests confirmed substantially lower wear and thus improved life for biodiesel operated engines. Keywords—Transesterification, PME, wear of engine parts, Metal traces and AAS.

Investigation on the effect of injection system parameters on performance and emission characteristics of a twin cylinder compression ignition direct injection engine fuelled with pongamia biodiesel–diesel blend using response surface methodology

This study is aimed at investigating the effect of injection system parameters such as injection pressure, injection timing and nozzle tip protrusion on the performance and emission characteristics of a twin cylinder water cooled naturally aspirated CIDI engine. Biodiesel, derived from pongamia seeds through transesterification process, blended with diesel was used as fuel in this work. The experiments were designed using a statistical tool known as Design of Experiments (DoE) based on response surface methodology (RSM). The resultant models of the response surface methodology were helpful to predict the response parameters such as Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC), smoke opacity and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and further to identify the significant interactions between the input factors on the responses. The results depicted that the BSEC, CO, HC and smoke opacity were lesser, and BTE and NOx were higher at 2.5mm nozzle tip protrusion, 225bar of injection pressure and at 30°BTDC of injection timing. Optimization of injection system parameters was performed using the desirability approach of the response surface methodology for better performance and lower NOx emission. An injection pressure of 225bar, injection timing of 21°BTDC and 2.5mm nozzle tip protrusion were found to be optimal values for the pongamia biodiesel blended diesel fuel operation in the test engine of 7.5kW at 1500rpm.

Using a phenomenological computer model to investigate advanced combustion trajectories in a CIDI engine

This paper summarizes results from simulations of conventional, high-dilution, and high-efficiency clean combustion in a diesel engine based on a two-zone phenomenological model. The two-zone combustion model is derived from a previously published multi-zone model, but it has been further simplified to increase computational speed by a factor of over 100. The results demonstrate that this simplified model is still able to track key aspects of the combustion trajectory responsible for NO x and soot production. In particular, the two-zone model in combination with highly simplified global kinetics correctly predicts the importance of including oxygen mass fraction (in addition to equivalence ratio and temperature) in lowering emissions from high-efficiency clean combustion. The methodology also provides a convenient framework for extracting information directly from in-cylinder pressure measurements. This feature is likely to be useful for on-board combustion diagnostics and controls. Because of the possibility for simulating large numbers of engine cycles in a short time, models of this type can provide insight into multi-cycle and transient combustion behavior not readily accessible to more computationally intensive models. Also the representation of the combustion trajectory in 3D space corresponding to equivalence ratio, flame temperature, and oxygen fraction provides new insight into optimal combustion management.

An experimental investigation on the performance and emission characteristics of a twin cylinder DI compression ignition engine employing bio-diesel blend as fuel at different injection timings and injection pressures

In this study, the combined effect of injection timing and injection pressure on the performance, emission characteristics of a twin cylinder CIDI engine employing biodiesel blend of B40 as fuel was evaluated. The vegetable oil is extracted from the pongamia seeds which further underwent the transesterification process to get converted into biodiesel. The experiments were carried out at different injection timings of 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30° BTDC and at the injection pressures of 150, 175, 200, 225 and 250 bar. The best performance and lower CO, HC and smoke emissions were obtained at 225 bar and at 30° BTDC but NO x emission was higher. Considering lower NO x emission and better performance, the 225 bar of injection pressure and 21° BTDC of injection timing can be set as the optimum value for the specified twin cylinder diesel engine.

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Esterified Karanja Oil Biodiesel on Lubricating Oil and Wear of a 780 hp Military CIDI Engine

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Esterified Karanja Oil Biodiesel on Lubricating Oil and Wear of a 780 hp Military CIDI Engine

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Biodiesel Utilization on Lubricating Oil Degradation and Wear of a Transportation CIDI Engine

In the present experimental research work, rice-bran oil methyl ester (ROME) is derived through transesterification of rice-bran oil using methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide catalyst. On the basis of previous research for performance, emission, and combustion characteristics, a 20% (v/v) blend of ROME (B20) was selected as optimum biodiesel blend. This experimental investigation was aimed to investigate the effect of biodiesel on wear of in-cylinder engine components. Endurance tests were conducted on a medium duty direct injection transportation diesel engine with B20. Tests were conducted under predetermined loading cycles in two phases: engine operating on mineral diesel (B00) and engine fueled with B20. After completion of these tests, engines were dismantled for observing the physical condition of various vital engine parts, e.g., piston rings, bearings, cylinder liner, and cylinder head. Physical measurements of these vital parts were also carried out to assess the wear of these parts. The physical wear of various parts except big end bearings (connecting rod bearing bore) were found to be lower in the case of B20 fueled engine. Wear metals in the lubricating oil samples drawn from the engines at regular intervals were investigated. Relatively lower wear concentrations of all wear metals except lead were found in the lubricating oil of B20 fueled engine. To quantify the wear of cylinder liners, surface parameters at different locations in the liner (top dead center, bottom dead center, and midstroke) were measured and compared. A qualitative analysis was also carried out by conducting surface profiles and scanning electron microscopy at the same locations.

Experimental Investigations of the Tribological Properties of Lubricating Oil from Biodiesel Fuelled Medium Duty Transportation CIDI Engine

Experimental Investigations of the Tribological Properties of Lubricating Oil from Biodiesel Fuelled Medium Duty Transportation CIDI Engine

Exhaust Gas Recirculation/Water Injection Experimental Results for NOx Emission Reduction in Diesel Engine

This paper presents the static characteristics of EGR-WI combined system. The water injection system was statically characterized by recording the engine exhaust outlet NOx emissions for comparison with baseline NOx emissions. Effects of the water injection system on CO and HC emissions and fuel consumption were examined. The research engine used for these experiments was a 103 kW turbocharged, intercooled, 2.5 L VM Motori CIDI engine equipped with a cooled EGR system.<BR> Water injection in the intake system demonstrated the potential for significant reductions in engine outlet NOx emissions. The system has reduced engine outlet NOx emissions by 40-50%, but caused significant increases in CO and HC emissions, particularly at low loads. Fuel consumption effects were minimal.