HERE are many kinds of loyalties in human life: loyalty to the family, loyalty to the neighborhood, loyalty to the group, loyalty to the city, the state, and the nation, loyalty to the brotherhood of man and the fatherhood of God. These loyalties are usually in concert, but at times they are in conflict, often of the sharpest and most poignant type. What happens when the family is called upon to surrender a son who is a fugitive from justice? What happens when the church and state conflict? Galsworthy, Rebecca West, de Maupassant, Royce are full of incidents in the area of conflicting loyalties. A few years ago I undertook a study called The Making of Citizens in which a group of us examined the ways and means by which political allegiance is produced in some ten countries Germany, France, Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Russia, England, the United States, and in a primitive group, the Duk-Duks. I followed this up with a study of Civic Education in the United States and with other inquiries. I am not speaking now as a member of the Loyalty Review Board, but as a long-time student of political loyalty and fidelity.