This article examines the evolution of ethnic division in Russia and Türkiye during the period from 1980 to 2004. Drawing on comparative insights derived from the legacies of Soviet and Kemalist nation-building, the study investigates how multinational inclusivity in Soviet Russia and the assimilationist, French-influenced model in Türkiye shaped minority mobilization and state responses. Focusing on cases such as Tatarstan, Chechnya, and the Kurdish movement, the analysis underscores the roles of state capacity, historical legacy, and emerging ideological discourses. The findings reveal that both the multinational and assimilationist approaches involve intrinsic tensions that create enduring challenges in managing minority nationalism. Despite these tensions, the concept of state capacity remains a crucial political notion in explaining the quelling of ethnic separatist demands. Although rising state capacity manifested in various dimensions in both Türkiye and Russia, it has greatly diminished the strength of ethnic separatism in each country. In this context, separatism in Türkiye gradually evolved toward demands for autonomy, whereas in Russia, ethnic republics, linked to Putin’s centralizing policies, lost their asymmetric federal privileges and were integrated into the central authority. Moreover, the period between 1980 and 2004 was chosen not merely as a chronological interval but because it corresponds to a phase during which ethnic separatism experienced both a surge and a subsequent decline in both countries. After 2004, while Türkiye did not witness a linear decline in the spiral of separatism and violence, in Russia, ethnic separatism faded from the agenda following the Beslan massacre due to excessively centralizing and security-focused policies.

In March 2017, a small hoard of tools consisting of six bronze sickles was discovered near the village of Călmățui (Hâncești district). All the items are hooked sickles, well known in the Carpathian-Dniester region during the Late Bronze Age – BrD-HaA1 (13th century – first half of the 12th century BC). In particular, several similar finds are known on the Middle and Lower Prut. Typological analysis showed that all the items belong to the Ghermănești type, the Ruginoasa variant, which allows us to narrow the chronological interval to the second half of the 13th century BC. Elementary chemical analysis of the items was carried out using an electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an EDX detector and the X-ray diffraction method (XRF). Various research methods obtained in independent laboratories in Chișinău demonstrated their effectiveness, while XRF allowed for greater measurement accuracy.

In the era of customized hand-printed bookbinding, the type and grade of materials used were directly related to the number of operations involved in processing the various elements of the binding and the quality of the decoration. More valuable leathers and fabrics were chosen for expensive and artistically decorated bindings. One way to create a luxury effect was to applique a strip of saffiano on the spine over less expensive calfskin. When on the bookshelf, such bindings looked as if they were made entirely of morocco.This article studies Russian bindings of the first quarter of the 19th century with smooth morocco spines. More than 130 such specimens have been found in the collection of the Research Department of Rare Books (Book Museum) of the Russian State Library (RSL). On the basis of the analysis of gold tooling stamps and their arrangement, two main types of spine decoration are identified: with a single vertically oriented composition of stamps and with a traditional bandage composition, i.e. with the division of the whole area of the spine into separate quadrangular sections with the help of horizontally arranged bands of ornament.The types of stamps and decorative techniques characteristic of certain chronological intervals within the period under study are described. The identified characteristics can be used to describe both full-leather and Russian quorter leather bindings, as well as to clarify dating.

Since the 1960s, two gas fields (Lokachi and Velyki Mosty) have been discovered in the Devonian sequence of the Volyn-Podillya Plate, and numerous gas shows have been observed in the Lokachi, Olesko, Horokhiv, and Oglyadiv areas. Organic-rich rocks within the Volyn-Podillya Plate are widespread in the Lower, Middle and Upper Devonian strata. They are represented by terrigenous, clayey and carbonate layers. The objective of this study is to investigate the generation potential of the Devonian rocks of the Volyn-Podillya Plate and the possibility of their participation in the petroleum system of the region. Geochemical studies covered the entire territory of the Volyn-Podillya Plate as well as the entire chronological interval of the Devonian strata. Rock-Eval pyrolysis studies showed that the content of total organic carbon in the Lower Devonian organic-rich rocks ranges from 0.01 to 0.45 % (average values 0.12 %). The organic matter in these rocks contains mainly kerogen of marine origin type II, and has undergone primary and/or secondary oxidation processes. The content of total organic carbon in Middle Devonian sediments varies: in rocks of the Eifelian Stage from 0.02 to 0.64 % (average values 0.08 %), in Givetian from 0.01 to 2.35 % (average values 0.19 %), in Frasnian from 0.04 to 1.43 % (average values 0.08 %), in Famennian from 0.07 to 0.10 % (average values 0.09 %). The thermal maturity level of the Lower (Lochkovian Stage), Middle (Eifelian, Givetian Stages) and Upper (Frasnian, Famennian Stages) Devonian ranges from immature to overmature rocks. The Middle and Upper Devonian rocks are dominated by type II marine kerogen, which underwent primary oxidation during sedimentation and/or secondary hydrothermal oxidation of dispersed organic matter during dolomitization. The pyrolysis temperature Tmax varies from 422 to 527 °C, demonstrating that the degree of thermal transformation of kerogen ranges from immature to overmature, with a significant part of the sediments being within the zones of generation of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons, which indicates the significant role of Devonian sediments in the formation of the petroleum system of the region. Geochemical studies of the generation properties of the Middle and Upper Devonian sediments within the Volyn-Podillya Plate showed that they can be considered as oil and gas source rocks in the Upper Paleozoic sequence.

The monetary obligation represents a pivotal exogenous financial mechanism employed by corporate entities to procure requisite pecuniary resources. The fundamental objective of this scholarly investigation is to scrutinize the determinative variables impacting the Debt Policy within the Cosmetic Manufacturing Sector enterprises registered on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) during the chronological interval of 2013-2015. The methodological approach implemented encompasses multivariate regression analytical techniques. Empirical findings demonstrated that profitability exhibits a statistically significant positive correlation with Debt Policy, whereas Asset Structure manifests an inverse relationship, and Liquidity similarly demonstrates a negative correlation with the organizational Debt Policy. Keywords: Profitability, Asset Structure, Liquidity, Debt Policy

Abstract The current setting of most Tyrrhenian coastal plains in central‐southern Italy is the result of the interaction between sedimentary inputs, tectonic movements, and sea level changes during the Quaternary. Based on a comprehensive review of data from the literature on the stratigraphic setting of the coastal plains of Volturno and Garigliano Rivers, and with the final output being a validated 3D geological model, this study provides new elements for improved definition of the chronological intervals of fault activity. Specifically, the ages of tectonic deformations and/or subsidence are crucial for future estimates of coastal hazards induced by both seismicity and coastal inundations. Our multidisciplinary approach includes (i) definition of the Late Quaternary sedimentary architecture by revision of a large amount of core data, (ii) acquisition of offshore seismic reflection data and their correlation with sedimentary bodies of the coastal plains, and (iii) structural analysis of the main faults. These investigations were conducted on the marine segment offshore Mount Massico and on contiguous portions of the Volturno and Garigliano alluvial–coastal plains. The acquisition of seismic and core data enabled the definition of the sedimentary architecture of the coastal sectors of the plains. The Mt. Massico ridge (northern Campania), comprising Mesozoic–Cenozoic units of the orogenic chain and morphologically separating the two plains, was the subject of mesostructural analysis of fault orientation and kinematics. The seismic lines were calibrated correctly using two close stratigraphic core logs from the Garigliano Plain. The identification of correlatable and/or coeval stratigraphic/seismic units reveals land–sea correlations. These units are clearly affected by recent faulting expressed by complex deformation patterns, such as flower structures and strike‐slip faults.

This study, without aiming for comprehensiveness, attempts to present certain aspects of the funerary rite and ritual in the Sarmatae cemetery of Timișoara-Hladik 1 (Timiș county), wherea number of 139 inhumations and 16 ditched flat circular funerary enclosureswere investigated during 2019-2020 subsequent to the initiation of the Timișoara Sud bypass works.A series of aspects like the location and layout of the examined graves, their type and set-up, orientation and position of the deceased within the graves, funerary rite elements, animal offerings and composition and position of the grave goods were analysed.The ditched flat circular funerary enclosures were also examined within a wider context. One of the goals of this study is to analyse the presence of these aspects in the Timișoara-Hladik 1 cemetery in a wider context and by contrast with the rest of the space inhabited by the Sarmatae during the first centuries AD. A series of aspects of the funerary rite and ritual as well as the preliminary analyses of the grave goods broadly evidence the dating of this grave group grosso modo to the chronological interval comprised between late 2nd century AD and the last decades of the 3rd century AD.

Buttonquails (family Turnicidae of the order Charadriiformes) are a morphologically specialized group of small, predominantly tropical birds of open landscapes, extremely poorly represented in the fossil record. The article describes a fragmentary humerus of a buttonquail from the Lower Pleistocene of the Taurida Cave in central Crimea. This is the first find of the family Turnicidae in Eurasia in the chronological interval from the Pliocene through the Middle Pleistocene. This find highlights the limited available information on the taxonomic composition of Early Quaternary Eurasian avifaunas, even at the family level, and also sheds light on the Late Cenozoic evolutionary history of Turnicidae.

The article is devoted to the chronology and content of the Early Neolithic period on Sakhalin Island. It presents the compilation and analysis of all available radiocarbon dates of identified archaeological complexes in the chronological interval of 9,5–7,8 thousand years ago. Based on a comprehensive analysis of sources, the author identifies three chronological phases of the blade arrowheads culture on Sakhalin Island and traces the process of localization of this culture at the end of the period in the south of the island. These phenomena are seen against the background of the process of neolithization, which is treated as an adaptive response of the communities inhabiting the islands to climatic changes of the late Pleistocene – early Holocene.

This article studies the temporal organization of a literary text from the standpoint of a cognitive semantic approach. Literary time is considered in close connection with the meanings that form the semantic space of a text. The correlation of events within which literary time is manifested shows the direction of literary time, which, in its turn, participates in the formation of thinkable worlds. The study aimed to determine and describe the features of the construction of thinkable worlds within the literary time semantically marked in a literary text. The practical significance of the research lies in identifying and describing the principles of structuring possible worlds by means of their temporal coordinates, representing a synthesis of a hero’s physical and psychological time, with the inclusion of markers of historical time in the semantic space of a literary text. The author studied V.V. Orlov’s novel Danilov, the Violist using the inductive-deductive and comparative methods, cognitive and semantic analysis, as well as philological interpretation. A conclusion is drawn that literary time in this novel is of great importance for the organization of thinkable worlds. Its most frequent markers are segodnya (‘today’) and teper’ (‘now’), lexicalizing the cognitive and semantic features of a world which reminds the reader of objective reality, albeit distant in historical time, as well as of a fantasy world, whose properties are unreal. Orlov creates a synthesis of the hero’s physical and psychological time, which can also include historical time (in that case, the reader’s background knowledge is involved, making it possible to correctly decode precedent phenomena). The semantics of literary time in the novel is hierarchical and systemic: textual representatives manifest both universal ideas about time and author’s individual variability in the perception of chronological intervals, which affects the emotional sphere of the reader.

This article overviews the chronology, cultural characteristics, and interregional parallels of the western region of the Initial Upper Paleolithic technocomplex in comparison with the Initial Upper Paleolithic complexes of Southern Siberia and Central Asia. The distribution of this technological and typological set, possible similarities and differences in the diffusion patterns of the Initial Upper Paleolithic technocomplex of Eurasia in terms of cultures and populations are analyzed. The comparison is based on the Initial Upper Paleolithic industries of the Levant, the Balkans, and Central Europe. It was found that distribution of absolute dates for the main regions of the Initial Upper Paleolithic in Eurasia indicates synchronous appearance of the Initial Upper Paleolithic industries in the Levant and Altai, based on the dates for layer 1 at Boker-Tachtit. It overlaps with 14C dates of the UP layer 2 at Kara-Bom, not to mention much earlier dates of the luminescent chronology for the Upper Paleolithic horizons in the Eastern Gallery of Denisova cave. Therefore, any possibility of direct migration from the Levant during this chronological interval must be dismissed. The distribution models of the Initial Upper Paleolithic from the presumed ancestral region not only in Southern Siberia and Eastern Central Asia, but also in Western Eurasia show clear typological similarities. In all these regions, the tradition of the Initial Upper Paleolithic rapidly emerged in a single centre, followed by equally rapid proliferation of ideas or populations into the nearby regions where they subsequently underwent a transformation into Late Initial Upper Paleolithic industries.

Ukrainian Polonistics has comprehensive studies tracing UkrainianPolish linguistic contacts over various chronological intervals. Despite this, the «golden» period of Ukrainian culture remains a relevant subject of study, spurred by the penetration of European cultural, architectural, and painting trends and genre-style and lexical enrichment through Polish mediation. This article examines the penetration and functioning of the lexeme сеймъ and its phonetic-graphic variants сеимъ, соимъ and съемъ, which were used in different genre-stylistic affiliations with the same semantics in written Ukrainian monuments from the second half of the 16th to the 17th century. These texts reveal the uneven distribution of this lexeme on Ukrainian linguistic ground, limiting its use to official texts from the Right Bank and works of other genres, including chronicles, poetry, etc., predominantly in the western and northern parts of the Left Bank The initial penetration of the variant соимъ into the Ukrainian language occurred under the influence of legal official texts, particularly the Statutes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as the most authoritative legislative sources that, due to the presence of such a social institution, facilitated the consolidation of this term in the Ukrainian language, which, however, in the 20th century, under the influence of the Soviet government's language policy, shifted into the passive vocabulary. Simultaneously, derivatives сеимикъ and соимикъ penetrated the Ukrainian language, serving to denote regional assemblies where decisions of the corresponding level were made. The words сейм, сеймик, сойм and соймик have been codified in lexicographical works with stylistic differentiation: the variants сойм, соймик are qualified as historicisms. We see research prospects for expanding and deepening the chronotope of the source base for Ukrainian-Polish linguistic contacts.

The architectural activities of Vladivostok’s municipal government (city council and management) can be divided into two chronological intervals. The initial stage (1875-1898), considered by the author elsewhere, was a period of organization and appointment of the first city architect and definition of his duties, surveying and landscaping of the city’s central area, and construction of the first stone public and residential buildings for the civilian population. This publication continues the study of the planning, design and construction activities of Vladivostok’s municipal architects and engineers from the early 20th century until the revolutionary events of 1917. A characteristic feature of the time under consideration is periods of decline in design and construction (1898-1905); and activation in 1906-1917, directly related to events in the city, region, and the world. The study examines objects erected by the municipal authorities and city management structure, and presents a list of city architects, engineers and technicians. The publication is based on information from the Commemorative Books of the Primorye Region, early 20th century periodicals of Vladivostok, and funds of the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East.

Buttonquails (family Turnicidae of the order Charadriiformes) are a morphologically specialized group of small, predominantly tropical birds of open landscapes, which is extremely poorly represented in the fossil record. The article describes a fragmentary humerus of a buttonquail from the Lower Pleistocene of the Taurida Cave in central Crimea. This is the first find of the family Turnicidae in Eurasia in a chronological interval from the Pliocene through the Middle Pleistocene. The find highlights the limited nature of available information on the taxonomic composition of Early Quaternary Eurasian avifaunas, even at the family level, and sheds light on the Late Cenozoic evolutionary history of Turnicidae.

The article reviews the memoirs of historians written and published at the end of the 20th – the beginning of the 21st century. Among the large number (about a hundred) of texts, it selects about twenty that meet the following criteria: 1) written by specialists in the history of Russia, who continued their research work in the last third of the 20th century; 2) created and published after the early 1990s; 3) published as separate books. The research aims to analyze the current practice of publication, identify the main editorial, ethical and legal problems, and ways to solve them. Selected texts are divided into two groups: fifteen were published by the authors themselves and four – by other persons. Publications of the second group meet the requirements of edition archaeography to a greater extent, especially in the correct usage of the academic systems for referring to references. The first group does not always show a clear dependence between the nature of the publication and the qualifications of the publisher. The publications of both groups contain critical opinions about contemporaries and even mention specific names. Ethical and legal issues examined in this research include the publication of similar information, the chronological interval between the creation and publication of texts, and the admissibility of a text with omissions. The article discusses different opinions of well-known experts and their arguments in favor of various solutions. The article concludes by arguing that the publishers of other people's memoirs usually consider the copyright holder's opinion. At the same time, established practice and scientific discussions show that there are still unresolved issues. It emphasizes a need for considering these issues, complying with the norms of the law, and reasonably compromising.

The article discusses the issue of latemedieval and early-modern manor houses of Wrocław citizens, located in their rural properties. Many of them, located in the close vicinity of Wrocław, were destroyed as a result of the spatial development of the urban agglomeration, others are usually poorly researched archaeologically and architecturally. For this reason, and in accordance with the requirements of historical archaeology, this issue has been analyzed using a maximum variety of sources: written, archaeological, architectural, cartographic and iconographic. The article includes examples of manor houses built by the citizens of Wrocław as well as those that originally belonged to dukes or knights. The key issues to which special attention has been given are the chronology and formal classification of objects as well as their functions and significance for their founders and owners. The issue was discussed in four chronological intervals, basically reflecting the economic, social and political changes that influenced the development of Silesian defensive-residential buildings.

This paper investigates the relationship between a building's past energy consumption and the outdoor temperature and predicts the next day's energy consumption using a refined time series model. Maintaining optimal indoor temperatures relative to outdoor temperatures determines a building's HVAC demand and, thus, energy consumption. We want to determine how outdoor temperature and other factors determine this consumption. With increasing urbanization and energy demand, it is important to understand building energy consumption, especially in terms of its impact on the environment. Previous research has shown the link between electricity consumption and external environmental factors and highlighted energy optimization's importance in urban structures. As cities become large energy consumers, studies point to the need to understand energy use patterns on a regional and temporal scale.
 For accurate energy forecasts, data becomes the linchpin. Time series—data points arranged in chronological intervals—are foundational in predictive modeling. Due to buildings' intricate electricity consumption patterns, traditional linear forecasting often falls short. Enter nonlinear regression models: These complex models are apt for mapping and predicting nonlinear data trends. Notwithstanding their advantages, they come with challenges, primarily the high-frequency data influx from smart meters and IoT devices. But their potential benefits - from cost savings to efficient energy management - are significant. In a world caught between urban expansion and ecological preservation, efficient energy management is crucial. Accurate energy forecasting, especially for buildings, combines technological advances, statistical acumen and environmental imperatives. Understanding building energy consumption using sophisticated nonlinear regression models is evolving from an academic goal to a global necessity.

ABSTRACTOver the last 66 million years, Earth has undergone dramatic climate changes, shifting from a warm greenhouse to the more recent cold icehouse with polar ice caps in both hemispheres. Geological records show that the transition between these equilibrium states caused significant long‐term eustatic sea‐level and atmospheric CO2 decline paced by external orbital motions. Such eustatic variability influenced the stacking pattern of sedimentary successions, generating cyclic sequence boundaries that may be globally correlated. However, the impact of such oscillation along the Brazilian margin is largely unknown. This study used the natural gamma‐ray log from a well (ES‐2) at the offshore Espírito Santos Basin (western South Atlantic) measured between late‐Palaeocene and late‐Miocene. Null hypothesis tests ‐ evolutionary Average Spectral Misfit and Correlation Coefficient of no orbital modulation ‐ were executed to confirm the influence of astronomical parameters. The evolutionary Time Optimization algorithm was used to extract the sedimentation rate and depositional time. The anchored timescale shows a chronological interval placed between 58.97 and 7.72 ± 0.1 Ma (mid‐Thanetian – late Tortonian), mostly influenced by long‐eccentricity and short‐eccentricity (405 kyr and ca 100 kyr, respectively) and obliquity (ca 40 kyr) and their respective amplitude modulations (ca 2.4 Myr and 1.2 Myr). Applying the Integrated Prediction Error Filter Analysis and a high‐resolution age model, this study identified main depositional trends through time and correlated them to global sea‐level change. The correlation indicates that several intervals of global sea‐level reduction agree with a regressive trend at the ES‐2 site, but this relation is affected during enhanced regional tectonic activity intervals, as related to the emplacement of the Abrolhos Archipelago. The strategy adopted here is a way to join cyclostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy, and promotes high‐resolution local‐to‐global correlation by identifying key stratigraphic surfaces. This will be relevant for palaeoclimatic studies and the geoscientific industry.

ABSTRACT The quality evaluation of urban residence is an important part of urban residents’ health and urban sustainable development. In recent years, different evaluation systems related to green buildings have been proposed, but the system for conducting comprehensive quality evaluations of residential areas still needs improvement. Taking Beijing, China, as an example, this study surveyed the residential communities at four chronological intervals and proposes an evaluation system that includes 75 indices to conduct research on and analyze on a total of 60 households in 48 communities using an offline survey; a total of 6834 online questionnaires obtained in the study, and the factor analysis method was used to analyze the residential evaluation system. Through the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and factor analysis with key contributions of different indices, the following 13 regrouped and renamed indices were created for the new assessment system: ecology, facilities, security, quality of peripheral facilities, kitchen and bathroom facilities, children-friendly, entertainment, thermal quality, room quality, engineering quality, smart operation, building performance, and maintenance. Finally, according to the outcome of the survey completed in Beijing, this study defined five intervals of score to classify the residential communities into highly dissatisfactory, dissatisfactory, average, relatively satisfactory and highly satisfactory ranges. The 48 residential communities in Beijing had an average overall final score (4.18908). This study can facilitate those who would like to develop related standards of residential quality assessment.

Archaeological research at Noviodunum led to the discovery of a significant number of glass fragments, showcasing a great typological variety of vessels and objects covering a wide chronological interval: from the Early Roman period, Middle-Byzantine, late medieval period, or the modern and contemporary age. Within the Noviodunum 2030 research project, one of the objectives is the study of different categories of artifacts, to identify the economic centers and commercial routes, which linked Noviodunum to the regional trade in the Roman, Middle-Byzantine, and Medieval periods. The analyzed lot is composed of materials dated to the Late Roman period (4th -7th centuries AD), discovered during archaeological investigations carried out at the South-Eastern Enclosure, campaigns 1997-2013, as well as several chance finds, made on the Cliff (Precinct N), the Fortress or the Civil Settlement.