Chloride Nitrate Solutions Research Articles

Application of chelating ion-exchangers Amberlite IRC-718 and Duolite ES-346 in removal of Pt(IV) ions from chloride and chloride-nitrate media

Abstract The chelating ion exchangers of the functional iminodiacetate (Amberlite IRC-718) and amidoxime (Duolite ES-346) groups have been applied for Pt(IV) removal from the chloride (0.1 ÷ 8.0 M HCl) and chloride-nitrate (0.1 M HCl + 0.9 M HNO3, 0.5 M HCl + 0.5 M HNO3, 0.9 M HCl + 0.1 M HNO3) solutions. The monolayer sorption capacities (Q 0) for Amberlite IRC-718 determined from the Langmuir isotherm model were changed from 1.032 to 0.917 mmol g−1 and from 0.948 to 0.831 mmol g−1 in the chloride and chloride-nitrate solutions, respectively. For Duolite ES-346 Q 0 values were equal to 1.120–0.937 mmol g−1 in the chloride solutions and 0.692–0.806 mmol g−1 in the chloride-nitrate systems. The influence of acid concentrations, phase contact time and macrocomponent addition (AlCl3, CuCl2, NiCl2) on Pt(IV) sorption was also studied. The pseudo second order equation provided the best fitting of experimental values. The working and total ion exchange capacities as well as distribution coefficients of Pt(IV) w...

Ion flotation of lanthanum(III) and holmium(III) from nitrate and nitrate-chloride media

Ion flotation of lanthanum(III) and holmium(III) from nitrate and nitrate-chloride solutions with sodium dodecyl sulfate was studied. The distribution coefficients and their dependence on pH were determined.

Sorption of palladium(II) complexes onto the styrene–divinylbenzene anion exchange resins

The sorption behaviour of palladium(II) complexes onto the strongly basic styrene–divinylbenzene anion exchange resins of type 1 (Dowex MSA-1) and type 2 (Dowex MSA-2) from the chloride and chloride–nitrate solutions was investigated. The breakthrough curves of Pd(II) were determined and the mass and bed distribution coefficients, the working anion exchange capacities as well as the amount of palladium(II) complexes sorbed onto the anion exchangers under discussion were calculated. The effect of the phases contact time, hydrochloric and nitric acids and sodium chloride concentrations onto the sorption process was studied. The FT-IR spectra of pure anion exchangers and those loaded with palladium(II) complexes were recorded, too. The FT-IR spectra confirmed the difference in the composition of resin's functional groups and in Pd(II) binding additionally by means of O atoms involved in functional groups of Dowex MSA-2. The highest working anion exchange capacity is observed in the 0.1 M HCl solution; 0.0616 and 0.0583 g/cm 3 for Dowex MSA-1 and Dowex MSA-2, respectively. Both anion exchange resins can be efficiently applied in sorption of Pd(II) complexes.

Application of commercially available anion exchange resins for preconcentration of palladium(II) complexes from chloride–nitrate solutions

The possibility of selective preconcentration of palladium(II) complexes by the polystyrene–divinylbenzene (Varion ATM, ADM) and polyacrylate (Varion ADAM) anion exchangers and the mechanism of their sorption onto these anion exchangers were investigated. The aim of this study was to find an appropriate model for the kinetics of Pd(II) complexes sorption and examine the influence of acids concentration and phase contact time on palladium(II) preconcentration. The rate constants for the three models (pseudo-first and pseudo-second and intraparticle diffusion) and the correlation coefficients have been calculated in order to assess which model provides the best fit predicted data with experimental results. The pseudo-second order equation provides the best fit to experimental data.

Recovery of palladium(II) from chloride and chloride–nitrate solutions using ion-exchange resins with S-donor atoms

Pd(II) ions sorption from the model solutions of the composition: 0.1–8.0 M HCl – 0.0011 M Pd(II) and 0.1–0.9 M HCl – 0.9–0.1 M HNO3 – 0.0011 M Pd(II) on the ion exchangers with the thiol (Duolite GT-73) and thiourea (Lewatit TP-214) functional groups was discussed. These ion exchangers possess a considerable ion exchange capacity in the model chloride–nitrate and chloride systems e.g. 1.16 mmol Pd(II)/g of Lewatit TP-214 in 0.1 M HCl solution. In the purification of Pd(II) of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Al(III) salts macroquantities, the best results were obtained by means of Lewatit TP-214

Palladium(II) removal from chloride and chloride–nitrate solutions by chelating ion-exchangers containing N-donor atoms

The chelating ion-exchangers of functional iminodiacetate (Amberlite IRC-718), amidoxime (Duolite ES-346) and aminophosphonic (Duolite C-467) groups have been applied for Pd(II) removal from the model chloride (0.1–6.0 M HCl) and chloride–nitrate (0.1–0.9 M HCl and 0.9–0.1 M HNO 3 and 0.1–1.5 M HCl and 1.9–0.5 M HNO 3) solutions. The total ion-exchange capacities as well as recovery factors of Pd(II) were determined by the batch method. The influence of acid concentrations, phase contact time and macrocomponent addition (AlCl 3, CuCl 2, NiCl 2) was studied. The results show that the ion-exchangers of functional amidoxime and iminodiacetate groups can be widely recommended for Pd(II) ion removal from anodic slimes, and used up catalysts, as well as Pd(II) trace analysis due to their high selectivity.

Complexation of Lead(II) Ions with Hydroxide Ions in Nitrate-Chloride Solutions

Complexation of lead(II) ions with hydroxide ions in nitrate-chloride solutions at 298 K was studied using potentiometric titration.