Chinese Research Research Articles

Developing a Core Outcome Set for Assessing Clinical Safety Outcomes of Prostate Cancer in Clinical Trials of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

Among the common malignant tumors in men worldwide, the incidence of prostate cancer ranks second to lung cancer. This disease will bring an economic burden to patients and their families and can reduce the quality of life of patients. Researchers have conducted numerous clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of different interventions in the treatment of prostate cancer with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with standard treatment regimens. However, the currently published clinical trials exhibit inconsistent and irregular reporting of outcome measures. The objective of this paper is to emphasize the need for a core outcome set (COS) to facilitate future prostate cancer research, aiming to improve the quality of trials and generate high-quality evidence. This mixed methods project has three phases, as follows: (1) a scoping review of the literature to identify outcomes that have been reported in clinical trials and systematic reviews of interventions involving TCM for the treatment of prostate cancer as well as a qualitative component using interviews to obtain the views of patients with prostate cancer, their families, and their caregivers who have a history of TCM treatment; (2) a Delphi survey among stakeholders to prioritize the core outcomes-Participants will include traditional Chinese and Western medicine clinicians in prostate cancer-related directions, nurses, and methodology experts who will participate in 2 rounds of the Delphi method expert consultation to score each outcome in the list of outcome indicators; and (3) a face-to-face consensus meeting to discuss and agree on the final COS for the application of TCM in the treatment of prostate cancer. The protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022356184) before the start of the review process, and we will initiate the review on August 1, 2023; results should be expected by September 1, 2023. The Delphi survey among stakeholders is expected to start in October 2023. The development of a core outcome set for assessing clinical safety outcomes of prostate cancer in clinical trials of TCM will provide a significant first step to assist Chinese doctors, researchers, and policy makers. PROSPERO CRD42022356184; https://tinyurl.com/ysakz74r. PRR1-10.2196/46794.

Next stage of collaboration in East Asia gastric cancer treatment.

East Asia is a high-risk area for gastric cancer (GC). Despite the rapid progress of immunotherapy and target therapy in recent years, the median overall survival (OS) of metastatic GC is still no more than 2 years. Researchers from East Asia are active in GC clinical and molecular investigations. The collaboration of East Asia plays a vital role to further GC development. Cooperation across East Asia used to be led by Japan and South Korea. However, with the tremendous success of Chinese native drug research and development (R&D) in recent years, the new era calls for a next stage for future collaboration. With the abundance of patient resources and supportive policies from the government, China GC researches made breakthroughs in anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) drugs development and immunotherapy etc. Native programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors demonstrated favorable outcomes in first-line GC treatment, early phase clinical trials also showed promising results in novel drug development in the scope of biomarker-guided precisive medicine. However, chances and challenges are both upfront to this special region. There is a lack of standardization in diagnostic and treatment protocols across Asian countries, which adds the difficulties in regional clinical trials. Poor developing countries in southeast Asia are unable to support high quality early phase clinical trials and translational studies, resource deficiency may be another challenge.

Influence of Narcissistic CEOs on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Choices: The Moderating Role of the Legal Environment.

During recent years, there has been a growing interest in CSR across disciplines. Various scholars document that Chief Executive Officer (CEO) narcissism is an important factor that should not be overlooked when analyzing CSR. Research on the relationship between CEO narcissism and CSR has treated CSR as a whole construct. However, little attention has been paid to its effect on different dimensions of CSR, especially the same psychological trait may have effects on charitable donations and employee welfare. The purpose of the study is to explore the relationship between CEO narcissism and charitable donations and employee welfare, while taking into account the moderating role of the legal environment. This study used the video survey method to measure CEO narcissism, the video information was obtained from Baidu.com and hao.360.com search engines. Other data were collected from Chinese Stock Market Research (CSMAR) database. We used OLS regression for data analysis and also used Tobit regression model to check the robustness of the estimation results. Meanwhile, all analyses will be performed with Stata 16.0 software. Empirical analysis reveals that CEO narcissism has a positive and significant impact on charitable donations and has a negative and significant impact on employee welfare. Moreover, the legal environment will reduce the effect of CEO narcissism on charitable donations and employee welfare, indicating that a stronger legal environment could attenuate the effect of CEO personality traits, especially narcissism on charity donations and employee welfare. This study contributes to the behavioral finance theory and stakeholder theory to better understand the relationship between CEO narcissism and charitable donations and employee welfare. Meanwhile, this study is one of the few studies to investigate the patterns of CSR activities in China, an important emerging economy.

Expert consensus on technical strategies for interventional treatment of acute large vessel occlusive stroke in China

Ischemic stroke caused by acute large vessel occlusion is associated with high rates of disability and mortality. Endovascular interventional therapy is evidently an effective treatment for occlusion of large cerebral vessels within the relevant time window, but there is no established methodological standard for recanalization interventional therapy. The Professional Committee of Interventional Neurology in Chinese Research Hospital Association organized cerebrovascular disease experts in China and developed the expert consensus described herein, to provide a reference for clinicians to formulate technical strategies for recanalization of acute cerebral vascular occlusion.

Rapid Vegetation Growth due to Shifts in Climate from Slow to Sustained Warming over Terrestrial Ecosystems in China from 1980 to 2018

The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) is a key biophysiological parameter of terrestrial ecosystems. However, due to a lack of data with adequate spatial resolution and in long enough time series, there have been limitations in exploring the spatiotemporal changes of vegetation and response to climate change. In this study, a 1 km spatial resolution and 8-day period length dataset (FPARANN) was developed covering the years 1980 to 2018 and evaluated on spatiotemporal change consistency by validating with Gross Primary Production (GPP) observations from the Chinese Flux Observation and Research Network (ChinaFLUX), and comparison with other FPAR products. FPARANN provided a comparable performance in capturing seasonal change observed through GPP, according to the coefficient of determination (R2): 0.50, 0.51, 0.70 and 0.74 averaged for all sites, forest sites, grassland sites and cropland flux sites, respectively. The new data had more spatial similarity to the MODIS FPAR product (FPARMCD15A2) with a greater R2 (0.77) and a lower RMSE (0.12) than other products. With a newly developed dataset, combined with FPARANN (1980–2003) and FPARMCD15A2 (2004–2018), an overall increasing trend in FPAR was found for over 81% of the vegetated area of China from 1980 to 2018. FPAR increased more rapidly for over 83.7% of the area in the 2010s, and at a slower pace for over 62.1% of the area in the early 2000s, which was attributed to a decadal shifting of climate change. This study implies the new dataset is useful in quantifying vegetation changes and would be an important data source for future study of the carbon cycle, soil erosion, or evapotranspiration, with great application potential.

Effect of acute PM2.5 exposure on PTGS2 and RNA m6A modification

Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is a prevalent risk factor in many diseases, but its molecular mechanism remains ambiguous and may be diverse. RNA m6A is an important epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Some previous animal exposure studies found that PM2.5 exposure up-regulated m6A RNA methylation in the lung, but there is no research on m6A RNA methylation in humans from PM2.5 exposure now. Here, in the present experiment, we performed a panel study of 65 students at the Chinese research academy of environmental sciences (CRAES) with 3 rounds of follow-up visits from August 2021 to January 2022. We examined m6A RNA modification profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from subjects after low and high concentrations of ambient PM2.5 exposure. We applied a linear mixed-effect (LME) model to investigate the association between PM2.5 exposure and global m6A RNA methylation and PTGS2 level in peripheral blood. We found that increased levels of global m6A RNA methylation and PTGS2 level were associated with higher PM2.5 exposure. Among the methylated mRNAs, PTGS2 was hyper-methylated after high concentrations of PM2.5 exposure, which coincided with the increased expression of PTGS2 mRNA. In the present study, we determined that PM2.5 exposure promoted RNA m6A modification, and PTGS2 in peripheral blood could serve as a novel regulatory factor of inflammation induced by PM2.5 exposure. Furthermore, RNA m6A modification may contribute to the altered expression of PTGS2 induced by PM2.5 exposure. Our finding provided a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of PM2.5 exposure-induced adverse health effects.

Consensus on targeted drug therapy for spondyloarthritis.

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of chronic inflammatory diseases that predominantly involve the spine and/or peripheral joints. The clinical manifestations of SpA are highly heterogenous and complicated with various comorbidities. SpA is a disabling disease and adversely affects the quality of life of patients. Many new medications that target cytokines or pathways specific for the pathogenesis of SpA have been developed and they are becoming increasingly important in the treatment of SpA. However, identifying the target patient population and standardizing the usage of these drugs are critical issues in the clinical application of these "targeted therapeutic drugs". Under the leadership of National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), managed by Peking Union Medical College Hospital, the "Consensus on targeted drug therapy for spondyloarthritis" has been developed in collaboration with the Rheumatology and Immunology Physicians Committee, Chinese Medical Doctors Association, Rheumatology and Immunology Professional Committee, Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, and Chinese Research Hospital Association Rheumatology and Immunology Professional Committee. This consensus has been developed with evidence-based methodology and has followed the international standard for consensus development.

A Review of Chinese and Western Research on Community Garden Design: A Visualized Analysis Based on CiteSpace

ABSTRACT Under the guidance of the new policy of urban renewal, the concept of community garden is gaining popularity in theory and practice in today’s increasingly tense urban environment. This paper is a review of the research on community gardens. Based on the visualization system of CiteSpace software, it focuses on the analysis of 42 important studies In China and abroad, covering their keywords, research methodology and main findings. Through analysis, this study mainly studies the current knowledge structure, hot topics and research trends in the field of community garden, so as to provide reference for the theoretical research and design practice applied to the field of community garden, and inspire the design of community gardens according to different sites, audiences, scenarios and needs. This study shows that designers and researchers are realizing the importance of promoting civic participation to achieve design optimization and promoting community support for urban landscape systems. Public participation can help designers consider regional culture, religion, history and human needs in a comprehensive manner. At the same time, public participation and gatherings can also promote community identity and sustainable development.

The development of an instructional model to promote Chinese reading and writing skills for university students

Because of the expanding global popularity of the language, more Thai colleges and universities have begun to offer Chinese language lessons in recent years. Yet, Thai teachers and students continue to struggle with how to teach and improve Chinese reading and writing skills. This research aimed to develop an instructional model based on second language acquisition theory to promote Chinese reading and writing skills for university students in the northeast of Thailand and study the results of the implementation. The participants were fifty second-year students majoring in Chinese from the faculty of humanities and social sciences of a public university. The instruments were an expert evaluation form, lesson plans, self-study reading quizzes, Chinese reading skills tests, a Chinese writing skills assessment form, and a questionnaire. Content analysis, mean, and also standard deviation were used to analyze the collected data. Thus, the findings revealed that the developed instructional model had the highest level of quality and appropriateness, which consisted of five components, including syntax and sequence, the social system, the principle of reaction, the support system, and the effect of the instructional model. The results of the implementation revealed that students’ Chinese reading and writing skills had improved, and the student’s attitudes toward learning with the developed instructional model were at a very high level. It is believed that this research could be beneficial for second-language Chinese students and teachers as well as other relevant parties involved in international Chinese education and research.

The Formation of the Chinese Theory of International Relations: A Review of Scientific Discourse

China's political philosophy has its own identity and intellectual tradition. In the science of international relations, China's national developments in the field of theory are gaining popularity. The schools of theories of the People's Republic of China combine traditional national developments with classical theoretical approaches. At the same time, there is a relationship between the growth of China in the international arena and interest in Chinese theories. The author analyzes the main schools of theories of China's international relations. When analyzing theories, the author uses a retrospective approach and compares the main stages of the development of theories with important historical events in the foreign and domestic policy of the People's Republic of China. The author examines the relationship between the dominance of various theoretical approaches of international relations and the foreign policy of the People's Republic of China. The author analyzes the Chinese experience of building national schools of theories of international relations, evaluates theoretical approaches in the context of foreign policy events. The author analyzes the current state of the national school of the theory of international relations in China and the scientific discourse on the assessment of its content in the political science community. The author reveals a pattern between the foreign policy course of the state and research in the field of international relations. The article highlights several reasons for emerging of the active scientific discourse that has developed around the national theory of international relations of China. The experience of Chinese researchers can be used to build theories of international relations in Russia.

Sorting out journals: The proliferation of journal lists in China

AbstractJournal lists are instruments to categorize, compare, and assess research and scholarly publications. Our study investigates the remarkable proliferation of such journal lists in China, analyses their underlying values, quality criteria and ranking principles, and specifies how concerns specific to the Chinese research policy and publishing system inform these lists. Discouraged lists of “bad journals” reflect concerns over inferior research publications, but also the involved drain on public resources. Endorsed lists of “good journals” are based on criteria valued in research policy, reflecting the distinctive administrative logic of state‐led Chinese research and publishing policy, ascribing worth to scientific journals for its specific national and institutional needs. In this regard, the criteria used for journal list construction are contextual and reflect the challenges of public resource allocation in a market‐led publication system. Chinese journal lists therefore reflect research policy changes, such as a shift away from output‐dominated research evaluation, the specific concerns about research misconduct, and balancing national research needs against international standards, resulting in distinctly Chinese quality criteria. However, contrasting concerns and inaccuracies lead to contradictions in the “qualify” and “disqualify” binary logic and demonstrate inherent tensions and limitations in journal lists as policy tools.

Bureaucracy and distributed vulnerability at a Chinese research institute: beyond the faculty perspective on audit cultures

AbstractBureaucracy and audit are an increasingly pervasive fact of scientific and academic life. In this article, I examine this bureaucracy through the perspectives of non‐faculty staff at a Chinese research institute: the Institute for Farms and Forests (IFF). I build upon the lament of a staff member called Tao that inflexible bureaucracy is the consequence of civil servants’ determination to evade vulnerability. Bringing Tao and her colleagues’ analyses into conversation with the anthropology of gift exchange, I show how a literature that has long informed anthropological analyses of informal bureaucratic back doors provides an equally rich set of resources for understanding bureaucracy's formal, document‐mediated front door. Most especially, I draw upon the anthropology of gifts to illuminate the anxieties and vulnerabilities that shape and are shaped by bureaucratic practice. This approach can help us to understand Chinese bureaucracy in an era of increasing wariness towards informal social connections (guanxi). It can also help us to explore what might be at stake for the non‐faculty colleagues who – despite their indispensable roles – we seldom consider in conversations about academic audit cultures.

ON THE ISSUE OF THESAURUS RESEARCH IN RUSSIAN AND CHINESE LINGUISTICS: INTERPRETATION OF MEANING AND THE ROLE IT PLAYS IN SCIENTIFIC TERMINOLOGY

Chinese research into “thesaurus” (translated into a dictionary of meanings) is scarce, and there are few studies on terminology, semantic relations and practical applications. The purpose of this paper is to explore the terminology and semantic relationship found in semantic dictionaries. Combining the classification criteria of the semantic relations in Russian and Chinese, this paper studies the application of the semantic dictionary in scientific terminology processing, core terminology system construction and language vocabulary teaching. Through the theoretical investigation and specific semantic analysis of the lexical system of the semantic dictionary, the linguistic value of the semantics, its distribution and aggregation characteristics are explored, and its great role in term description is explored.

THE CURRENT STATE OF COMMUNICATIVE-FUNCTIONAL RESEARCH INTO THE TRANSLATION THEORY IN CHINA

The article attempts to describe and evaluate the current state of Chinese communicative-functional theory of translation research. The research aims to assess the present state of research communicative-functional approach in the theory of translation in China. Research methods include scientometric and content analysis, clustering. The research materials are represented by monographs, scientific papers and publications in periodicals on the topic of the communicative-functional translation theory by Chinese authors. The study sample consisted of 6209 scientific papers extracted from the CNKI database. They were divided into three clusters, viz. review, theoretical and applied research. In each cluster, the author identified the key words of the direction and carried out a quantitative assessment of the structure of publication activity with an assessment (a % share of the total sample size). As a result, the predominance of applied research into the communicative-functional theory in the works of Chinese researchers over theoretical ones was found, which proves the author’s hypothesis about the emphasis Chinese scientists put on the pragmatic tasks of the development of translation studies. It is concluded that studies of the communicative-functional approach in Chinese translatology are generally characterized by the breadth and coverage of various areas of translation, but from the perspective of theoretical depth there is still room for their further development. In this study, the author made an attempt to review the current state of the study of translation from the standpoint of the communicative-functional approach, but found that this approach still needs further theoretical understanding, further adaptation and integration with traditional ideas of Chinese translation studies. It was also revealed that it is promising to deepen the theoretical basis of the communicative-functional approach for applied research of the Russian-Chinese and Chinese-Russian approach and to develop didactic issues of teaching translators based on this approach in order to achieve better results in the translation of texts and improve Sino-Russian communication.

Can social capital and planned behaviour favour an increased willingness to share scientific data? Evidence from data originators

PurposeThis study aims to reveal the factors that drive researchers to share data and to provide reference for promoting open scientific data.Design/methodology/approachBased on the theory of social capital and the theory of planned behaviour, hypotheses were proposed and the model was developed. The authors acquired 479 valid samples of Chinese researchers through questionnaires and conducted an empirical analysis via AMOS 23.0.FindingsAttitudes towards data sharing are significantly and positively correlated with trust, reciprocity and social interaction, but not with a shared vision; willingness to share data is significantly and positively correlated with attitudes and perceived behavioural control, but not with subjective norms; furthermore, data quality, which performed the function of a moderating variable, was found to play a facilitating role in the above correlations. Based on the findings, suggestions for relevant entities were specified.Originality/valueThe study developed and validated an integrated theoretical framework, clarified the mechanism by which social capital and planned behaviour affect willingness to share data, hoping to provide reference and empirical support for subsequent studies as well as new ideas for data management and sharing.

JIĀO/JIÀO 教 Chinese bilingual doctoral researchers to theorise translingually: A pedagogy for intercultural doctoral education

The transcultural and translingual diversity of bilingual doctoral researchers who speak languages other than English, in particular those with non-Anglophone backgrounds, has been emphasised in recent years to challenge the monolingual English norm. To explore effective pedagogies to motivate these bilingual doctoral researchers to theorise translingually, this paper draws upon methodologies about translingualism and intercultural doctoral education to dispel the recurrent doubts raised by these bilingual doctoral researchers. Thus, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 Chinese bilingual doctoral researchers and their supervisors in Australia and China to understand their perceptions and practices regarding using the linguistic and epistemological resources buried in Chinese for academic purposes. In response to the concerns expressed by the participants, three critical roles of supervisors are highlighted, namely exemplifying, teaching and demanding translingual theorising. These three roles are further developed into a pedagogical framework inspired by the Chinese word jiāo/jiào 教, which itself is an example of translingual theorising.

A Chinese Perspective on Writing English Abstracts: Challenges, Errors, Improvement Tips, and Critical Reflections

This study examined Chinese EFL researchers’ English abstract writing in language education. Using open-ended questionnaires, it first investigated 24 Chinese EFL researchers’ perceptions of their challenges in writing English abstracts. Using generalizability theory and follow-up interviews, it then invited 16 experienced English journal reviewers to assess 27 published English abstracts written by Chinese EFL researchers to identify common errors and suggest improvement tips. Finally, it examined eight selected Chinese EFL researchers’ critical reflections on the English journal reviewers’ assessment of the 27 English abstracts. The results indicated that Chinese EFL researchers experienced several challenges in writing English abstracts. Further, the English reviewers’ assessment of the 27 abstracts was consistent and reliable. The common errors were associated with the accuracy, non-evaluative nature, coherence and readability, and conciseness of an English abstract. The English reviewers provided tips for improvement, and Chinese EFL researchers expressed their critical reflections on their assessment. Educational implications are discussed.

Research hotspots and trends in discovery of anticancer agents from algae: A 20-year bibliometric and visualized analysis based on Web of Science and CiteSpace

In recent years, more and more metabolites with anticancer activity in algae have been isolated and identified, which are promising candidates for cancer therapy. In this work, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis was performed for better understanding the research hotspots and trends in discovery of anticancer agents from algae during 2003 to 2022. After retrieval from Web of Science core collection database, a total of 2804 most relevant publications were obtained, which were further systematically analyzed by using CiteSpace. Results showed that this field has attracted more attentions from researchers in the world, especially since 2019. China was the leading contributor to this field, but its collaborative partners were significantly less than that of USA, suggesting that Chinese researchers should conduct more cooperative studies with other investigators from other countries. Concerning the contributing journals, Algal Research was one of the top 10 productive journals in this field in terms of publication outcomes. Furthermore, current research hotspots and recently emerging sub-fields were discovered by using citation burst analysis, it showed that novel drug delivery systems, structure-activity relationships, and mechanisms of anticancer metabolites in vivo were the emerging topics in the future. This work would help policy makers, developers and researchers in discovery of anticancer agents from algae by providing them a bibliometric perspective on research hotspots and trends of this field, and spurring them to think about the field through various aspects.

Knowledge Landscape and Trend Analysis of Chinese Rural Education Research in the Perspective of Rural Revitalization

Abstract Chinese rural education research has gone through three stages of development: the period of slow exploration, the period of steady accumulation, and the period of broad development. This paper aims to clarify the knowledge landscape and trends of Chinese rural education research in the context of rural revitalization. To this end, based on the co-word analysis method, this paper collects terms, co-occurrence frequency statistics, and cluster analysis of academic literature on rural education research to give the current situation of literature based on spatial and temporal distribution and hotspot analysis of high-frequency keywords. The number of articles published in rural education research increased year by year from 2017 to 2021 with an average annual growth rate of 16.45%, and the total number of articles reached 465. Among the authors of the published articles, there are 25 core authors with three or more articles, accounting for 5.46% of the total number of all authors. From the distribution of hotspots of high-frequency keywords, the frequency of rural revitalization and rural education as the upper concept was 146 and 87 times, respectively, and the research on rural education showed a trend of diversification. Under the perspective of rural revitalization, academic literature research based on co-word analysis can clarify the policy orientation and research hotspot dynamics in the field of rural education and rural revitalization, examine the intrinsic correlation between rural revitalization and rural education, and explore the path options for promoting the development of rural education and realizing rural revitalization.

소설 『이방인』의 중국 연구 동향 분석

There are works that are continuously loved regardless of the time. This goes beyond generations and nationality. It is also the subject of continuous research by scholars. In particular, in the case of literary works, symbolic events or ideas representing the era are revealed, and readers who encounter the work think and influence it. In this paper, we looked at the research trends of L'Étranger in China with the aim of examining how French author Albert Camus' novel The Stranger is accepted and studied by scholars in China, a communist country, and further influences it.
 In general, Chinese research is mainly focused on research on the translation of The Stranger and papers that study the implications of works such as existentialism, irrationality, rebellion, and outsiders. However, the study was conducted by viewing L'Étranger as simply one of the numerous literary works and a novel from a country called France, and it is interpreted only by substituting the situation in France at the time. L'Étranger, the representative work about irrational philosophy, is included in high school textbook as a very important work. This research examines how this work has been studied in China, as an Asain country such as Korea and Japan, but with a large cultural difference within the country. Through this research, it provides an opportunity to examine how a specific literary work can be accepted across borders.