Chinese Language Research Articles

Vocabulary selection methods of Chinese language in solar panel branding and promotion

Vocabulary selection methods of Chinese language in solar panel branding and promotion

A large dataset covering the Chinese national sign language for dual-view isolated sign language recognition

Isolated Sign Language Recognition (ISLR), which seeks to automatically align sign videos with corresponding glosses, has recently gained considerable attention from the artificial intelligence community. This technology has the potential to bridge the communication gap between hearing people and the deaf community. However, the development of ISLR is hindered by the scarcity of sign language datasets. Moreover, existing ISLR datasets are limited by their provision of a single perspective, which makes hand gesture occlusion difficult to handle. In addition, existing Chinese ISLR datasets, such as DEVISIGN and NMFs-CSL, fail to cover the entire vocabulary of Chinese National Sign Language (CNSL). This greatly obstructs the application of ISLR in the real world. To address these challenges, we introduce a novel word-level sign language dataset for ISLR that encompasses the entire CNSL vocabulary, comprising 6,707 unique signs. Moreover, it provides two perspectives of signers: the front side and the left side. There are ten signers involved in sign video recording, and the processes of sign video recording, annotation and quality assurance were rigorously controlled. To the best of our knowledge, this dataset is the first dual-view Chinese sign language dataset for ISLR that covers all the sign words in CNSL.

A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Teaching Chinese as a Second Language: Strategies for Balancing Linguistic Knowledge and Cultural Connotation Transmission in a Globalized Context

This study explores the interaction mechanism between language training and cultural transmission in Chinese second language teaching in the context of globalization. This paper analyzes the phenomenon of classroom cultural conflicts from an intercultural perspective, and proposes the teaching strategy to equip the teaching of language knowledge and the cultivation of cultural cognition. Based on the quantitative data of more than 300 learners and the qualitative materials of classroom observation and teacher interviews, the study revealed a significant positive correlation between cultural aptitude and language achievement (r = 0.48). Classes with a culturally responsive approach saw a 27% increase in student engagement and a 34% decrease in cultural misreading. For example, after integrating calligraphy experience into Chinese character teaching, students' font memory accuracy increased by 19%. The research results provide an empirical basis for Chinese international educational institutions, and suggest adding intercultural teaching design modules into teacher training and developing a three-dimensional curriculum system including cultural scenario simulation.

Challenges and Strategies for International Chinese Education Under the Belt and Road Initiative

With the in-depth advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), Chinese language education has gained significant development opportunities worldwide, particularly in the countries along the BRI routes. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges faced by international Chinese education under the BRI framework from multiple perspectives. It proposes strategies to address these challenges, emphasizing the importance of strengthening international cooperation, cultivating localized teachers, developing specialized teaching materials, and leveraging modern technology. These approaches aim to facilitate the deep integration of Chinese language education in BRI countries, providing theoretical and practical support for its further development.

The Teaching Concept of “Chinese as a Foreign Language + Career” based on the POA Teaching System

The Production-Oriented Approach (POA) to teaching Chinese as a foreign language in integrated courses focuses on language teaching around the language output, solving the problem of “separation of learning and use” in second language teaching; it is teacher-led and student-centered, allowing students to fully participate in teaching, cooperate with teaching, and gain something in the classroom. Teacher-led and student-centered, students can fully participate in teaching, cooperate with teaching, and gain something in class, as well as “evaluate” the effect and quality of teaching orally or in writing. The purpose is to overcome the Chinese foreign language teaching in the “learning and use of the separation” of the shortcomings, emphasizing the use of learning, using learning, learning while using, learning while using. At present, most of the research based on POA teaching method focuses on the field of grammar teaching, and the theory of POA is constantly improved in practice. Based on this, this paper takes the “output-oriented approach” as the theoretical framework, and puts forward the research objectives based on the experience of teaching adult classes in Cambodia, and explores the “ POA” teaching system through the design of teaching actions. Through the design of teaching actions, this paper explores the feasibility of integrating the “POA” teaching system with “Career+”, and examines the idea of adapting the teaching materials and how to take it forward.

Current Situation, Problems and Optimization Paths of Thesis Topic Selection in Cultural Teaching for Master’s Degree in International Chinese Language Education: An Empirical Analysis based on CNKI from 2019-2023

The topic selection of master's degree theses in cultural teaching within international Chinese language education is a significant indicator of practical and theoretical development in this field. This study uses literature analysis, data statistics, and SATI tools to analyze 727 cultural teaching theses collected by China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from 2019 to 2023, focusing on two dimensions: topic directions (teaching objectives, content, methods, country-specific research) and types (teaching experiment reports, teaching designs, etc.). The study found that existing topics are highly concentrated on classroom practice research (67.3%), showing a prominent feature of "strong practical orientation and insufficient theoretical construction". Research methods mainly rely on empirical analysis (82.1%), but there are core problems such as homogenization of topic selection, fragmentation of country-specific research, and lack of interdisciplinary integration. Based on this, this paper proposes optimizing paths from balancing topic directions, strengthening systematic country-specific research, and integrating interdisciplinary methods to promote innovation and practicality in cultural teaching research, providing references for the professional and localized development of international Chinese language education.

Bridging foreign language classroom anxiety to Thai students' Chinese language success.

Bridging foreign language classroom anxiety to Thai students' Chinese language success.

Integration of Chinese loanwords into the Russian language during the 19th and 20th centuries

Loanwords are the terms borrowed from one language to another as a result of cultural contacts and thus carrying valuable information about the multifaceted mutual impacts, both direct and indirect, between different languages. In the history of Russian lexicology, much attention has been paid to words originating from European languages (Anglicisms, Gallicisms, and Germanisms), while the evolution and adaptation of Chinese loanwords have received little interest so far. In this article, the use of Chinese loanwords in the Russian texts of the 19th and early 20th centuries, specifically in the works by B.A. Pilnyak, a distinguished Soviet writer, and Y.P. Kovalevsky, a famous Russian traveler, scholar, and public figure, was analyzed. By introducing new sources into the scholarly discourse, the functional characteristics of these words were examined, as well as their forms and meanings, variant types, and other relevant features. Since many of them are not reflected in the existing lexicographic records, the results obtained are especially important. Many Chinese loanwords coined in the Russian language are still to be identified and described, which requires the incorporation of new text corpora and the work with explanatory and etymological dictionaries. The insights gained unveil the history of contacts between Russia and China.

Efficacy of maintenance or consolidation therapy for multiple myeloma based on proteasome inhibitors: a meta-analysis

BackgroundThis study assessed the efficacy of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) in both maintenance and consolidation therapies for MM patients.MethodsA comprehensive search across multiple databases was conducted, including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, CNKI, EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and others, to identify randomized controlled trials published in both Chinese and English languages that examined the use of PIs in either consolidation or maintenance therapy for multiple myeloma. The effectiveness outcomes assessed included complete response (CR), very good partial response or better (≥ VGPR), partial response (PR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsOur analysis comprised four (4) randomized controlled trials investigating maintenance therapy and six (6) randomized controlled trials assessing consolidation therapy, including data from 4711 patients. PIS-based treatments significantly improved PFS and OS compared to the control group. PI-based consolidation therapy significantly prolonged PFS. In maintenance therapy, both PIs improved PFS and OS relative to the observation group. PIs significantly improved the achievements of CR in patients compared to the control group. CR attainment in maintenance therapy appeared slightly less effective than in consolidation therapy. PIs significantly improved ≥ VGPR in patients compared to the control group. Consolidation therapy demonstrated a greater improvement in ≥ VGPR compared to maintenance therapy.ConclusionTreatment with PI-based maintenance or consolidation therapy showed improvements in CR, ≥ VGPR, PFS, and OS in patients with MM. However, it is noteworthy that PIs-based maintenance and consolidation therapy were associated with an increased risk of ≥ grade 3 adverse events.

SCOPE: Sign Language Contextual Processing with Embedding from LLMs

Sign languages, used by around 70 million Deaf individuals globally, are visual languages that convey visual and contextual information. Current methods in vision-based sign language recognition (SLR) and translation (SLT) struggle with dialogue scenes due to limited dataset diversity and the neglect of contextually relevant information. To address these challenges, we introduce SCOPE (Sign language COntextual Processing with Embedding from LLMs), a novel context-aware vision-based SLR and SLT framework. For SLR, we utilize dialogue contexts through a multi-modal encoder to enhance gloss-level recognition. For subsequent SLT, we further fine-tune a Large Language Model (LLM) by incorporating prior conversational context. We also contribute a new sign language dataset that contains 72 hours of Chinese sign language videos in contextual dialogues across various scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that our SCOPE framework achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple datasets, including Phoenix-2014T, CSL-Daily, and our SCOPE dataset. Moreover, surveys conducted with participants from the Deaf community further validate the robustness and effectiveness of our approach in real-world applications. Both our dataset and code will be open-sourced to facilitate further research.

MARS: Mixture of Auto-Regressive Models for Fine-grained Text-to-image Synthesis

Auto-regressive models have made significant progress in the realm of text-to-image synthesis, yet devising an appropriate model architecture and training strategy to achieve a satisfactory level remains an important avenue of exploration. In this work, we introduce MARS, a novel framework for T2I generation that incorporates a specially designed Semantic Vision-Language Integration Expert (SemVIE). This innovative component integrates pre-trained LLMs by independently processing linguistic and visual information—freezing the textual component while fine-tuning the visual component. This methodology preserves the NLP capabilities of LLMs while imbuing them with exceptional visual understanding. Building upon the powerful base of the pre-trained Qwen-7B, MARS stands out with its bilingual generative capabilities corresponding to both English and Chinese language prompts and the capacity for joint image and text generation. The flexibility of this framework lends itself to migration towards any-to-any task adaptability. Furthermore, MARS employs a multi-stage training strategy that first establishes robust image-text alignment through complementary bidirectional tasks and subsequently concentrates on refining the T2I generation process, significantly augmenting text-image synchrony and the granularity of image details. Notably, MARS requires only 9% of the GPU days needed by SD1.5, yet it achieves remarkable results across a variety of benchmarks, illustrating the training efficiency and the potential for swift deployment in various applications.

Semantic Matching for Chinese Language Approach Using Refined Contextual Features and Sentence–Subject Interaction

Aiming at the problems of noise interference and the lack of information on sentence–subject interactions in Chinese matching models, which lead to their low accuracy, a new semantic matching method using fine-grained context features and sentence–subject interaction is designed. Compared with the method that relies on noisy data to improve the noise resistance of the model, we introduce data pollution and imprecise noise processing. We also design a novel context refinement strategy, which uses dot product attention, a gradient reversal layer, the Softmax function, and projection theorem to accurately identify and eliminate noise features to obtain high-quality refined context features, effectively overcoming the above shortcomings. Then, we innovatively use a one-way interaction strategy based on the projection theorem to map the sentence subject to the refined context feature space, which produces effective interaction ability between the features in the model. The refined context and sentence’s main idea are fused in the final prediction stage to compute the matching result. In addition, this study uses Kullback–Leibler divergence scatter to optimize the distance between the distributions of the refined context and the sentence’s main idea so that their distributions are closer to each other. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the method on the PAWS dataset and F1 are 87.65% and 86.51%, respectively; 80.51% on the Ant Financial dataset, and 85.29% on the BQ dataset. The accuracies on the Medic-SM dataset and Macro-F1 are 74.69% and 74% respectively, both of which are superior to those of other methods.

Navigating HSK level 5 challenges: dual perspectives from Thai undergraduates and Chinese lecturers

The ever-growing significance of Chinese language education in Thailand highlights the strategic importance of achieving higher levels, specifically Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK) level 5, as a key steppingstone for future academic and career development. For the majority of Thai undergraduates, nevertheless, efficient test preparation encounters systemic, pedagogical, and motivational challenges. These are further exacerbated by misaligned institutional frameworks and a lack of coherence between HSK 5 preparation and general educational objectives. Based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), the current study investigates the role of motivational orientations, cognitive processing constraints, and institutional frameworks in students' preparation and performance in the HSK exam. The study aims to (1) examine Thai undergraduates' learning behaviors, motivation, and psychological challenges in HSK level 5 preparation. (2) Determine the efficacy and accessibility of teaching methodologies and learning resources in addressing the needs of the students and enhancing examination performance. (3) Investigate Chinese instructors’ views of pedagogical issues and instructional methods to better facilitate HSK level 5 preparation. The present research adopted a mixed-methods design to explore the root causes behind such difficulties by administering a survey for 139 undergraduate students, who were sampled using stratified random sampling to achieve representativeness across levels of proficiency and semi-structured interviews with 12 Chinese lecturers selected by purposive sampling to provide rich insights into teaching practices and systemic gaps. The findings of this study suggest the integration of structural reforms in university-level Chinese education: the introduction of HSK 5 as a prerequisite for graduation, better access to updated resources, mock examinations, and learner-centered pedagogic approaches. It is also recommended to provide mechanisms of financial and psychological support to overcome such barriers, thus providing actionable insights into the advancement of Chinese language education in Thailand and its academic, cultural, and economic connectivity with China.

Culture-DPACK: A TPACK scale for evaluating Chinese language teachers’ perceptions of integrated literacies

Culture-DPACK: A TPACK scale for evaluating Chinese language teachers’ perceptions of integrated literacies

Statins and the risk of dementia: a meta-analysis.

Clarify the relationship between the use of statins and the risk of dementia, and further guide the clinical application of statins. This paper uses computer search Chinese and foreign language databases Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, Weipu, CBM, Wanfang, CNKI, etc., to include the literature that meets the standards from the establishment of the library to December 2020, and uses Revman 5.1 software and Stata15.0 software for meta-analysis. Of the 34 included observational studies, stratified subgroup analyses were performed based on the type of clinical trial, sex of participants, presence or absence of apolipoprotein E-4 (ApoEε4) allele, and duration of use. The conclusions showed that (1) the use of statins can significantly reduce the risk of dementia; (2) There is no significant sex difference in reducing the risk of dementia; (3) Continuous use of statins for ≥ 1 year can significantly reduce the risk of dementia compared with the time of taking the drug for < 1 year; (4) Compared with subjects with negative ApoEε4 allele, the use of statins has a more significant effect on reducing the risk of dementia in subjects carrying the ApoEε4 allele.

The Cultural Accommodation and Linguistic Activities of the Jesuits in China in the 16th–18th Centuries

From the 16th to the 18th century, Jesuit missionaries in China pioneered inter-cultural exchange by integrating cultural accommodation with groundbreaking linguistic research. By adopting Confucian scholarly practices and systematically studying the Chinese language, they developed innovative approaches to Chinese phonetics, grammar, lexicography, rhetoric, and teaching. Their linguistic achievements not only facilitated missionary work but also contributed to early modern sinology and cross-cultural communications. This paper examines the Jesuits’ dual strategy of cultural accommodation and linguistic research, demonstrating how their deep engagement with Chinese intellectual traditions enabled them to study the Chinese language successfully, to communicate with local elites smoothly, and to disseminate Christianity effectively. Through the combination of local philological traditions with Western linguistic techniques, they introduced new perspectives on the Chinese language, influencing both Western sinology and China’s linguistic development. Their translations of religious, scientific, and philosophical texts also played a key role in shaping Sino-Western intellectual exchanges. By analyzing the Jesuits’ linguistic activities and the strategies they employed in the process, this study highlights the Jesuits’ impact on Chinese linguistic scholarship, the transmission of Christianity, and their role in cross-cultural communication. Their work also exemplifies how language, culture, and religion can effectively collaborate in cross-cultural encounters, shaping historical narratives and fostering dialogue between civilizations.

Overcoming the gap in technology integration in limited conditions in rural classrooms

The objective of the current research is to empirically examine whether the integration of digital technologies into the educational process can indeed be regarded as a means to bridge the existing gap, employing a quasi-experimental design with control, experimental, and comparative groups of elementary school students. The study involved 360 children from second and third grades of both rural and urban schools. The final annual academic grades in four subjects served as the primary indicator for comparing the academic performance of the students. The t-test results demonstrate statistically significant improvements in the experimental (B) and comparative (C) groups across the four investigated subjects, with a p value of .000. Specifically, the experimental group increased average scores by 6.68 in the Chinese language, 5.45 in mathematics, 6.95 in the English language, and 7.41 in the natural sciences. A one-way analysis of variance revealed significant intergroup differences in actual scores post-intervention (p = .000).

Expert Crawler: Amalgamation of Deep Learning Models for Multilingual Multiclass Classification of Product Reviews

With the proliferation of social platforms for online shopping, accurately predict- ing item categories from multilingual reviews has become crucial for informed decision-making. This paper addresses the significant challenge of categoriz- ing reviews across diverse languages by enhancing Transformer models for multilingual review classification, addressing key challenges such as efficiency, scalability, and interpretability. To improve model efficiency, we integrate sparse attention mechanisms using mBert, XLM-RoBERTa, and model distillation via DistilBERT, thus balancing performance with reduced computational cost. For data augmentation, we employ back-translation to enrich the training data, thereby enhancing model robustness and generalization across diverse languages. Additionally, to enhance model interpretability, we employ Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations to provide clear and actionable insights regarding model predictions. The proposed methods are applied to multilingual reviews sourced from products listed on Amazon covering the Spanish, English, German, Hindi, Chinese, Japanese, and French languages. The model achieves a classifica- tion accuracy of 88% across 32 product categories, demonstrating its effectiveness in solving the multilingual multiclass categorization problem in the retail sector. This work illustrates the potential of combining advanced natural language pro- cessing techniques with innovative approaches to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and interpretability of classification models, thereby facilitating better decision- making in online shopping platforms. With continued research, these models will offer increasingly robust solutions for processing and understanding multilingual data.

The Impact of AI-Driven Tools on Foreign Students’ Chinese Language Acquisition: A Case Study at Southwest University

This study explores the use of AI-powered tools such as language learning applications, chatbots, adaptive learning systems, and speech recognition software in the context of Chinese language acquisition by international students. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study investigates how fifteen international students at Southwest University engaged with these tools, the challenges they encountered, and how such technologies shaped their linguistic development and cultural integration. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and reflective journals, and were analyzed thematically. The findings indicate that 80% of participants reported improved speaking confidence, 75% experienced enhanced listening comprehension, and 85% found chatbot-based interactions engaging. However, 65% of students noted insufficient cultural immersion and contextual learning in AI tools. Based on these insights, the study recommends integrating culturally immersive features such as virtual simulations and role-play into AI systems. It concludes that while AI tools can personalize and accelerate language acquisition, their impact can be maximized when aligned with cultural learning, supporting not only proficiency but also meaningful intercultural communication.

The Construction of Multicultural Competence Assessment Indicator System for International Chinese Language Teachers

With the in-depth development of globalization, the cultures of the world present diversified characteristics, which makes international Chinese language education face the challenge of multicultural integration. In order to adapt to this change, teachers' multicultural competence has become an important criterion for assessing international Chinese language teachers. Based on the theories of teacher professional development and multicultural education, this study constructed a multicultural competence assessment system for international Chinese teachers from four dimensions: awareness, knowledge, skills and attitude. By distributing 106 questionnaires and analyzing the data, this study aims to enrich the content of teacher research and optimize the competency structure of international Chinese language teachers in order to promote Chinese culture to the world, facilitate the common development of multiculturalism in the world, and provide a strong support for building a community of human destiny.