Chinese Industrial Production Research Articles

Trophic transfer of dechloranes in marine food webs in Dalian Bay, China

Dechloranes, including dechlorane 602 (Dec 602), dechlorane 603 (Dec 603), dechlorane 604 (Dec 604), dechlorane plus (DP, including syn- and anti-DP) and mirex, were determined in marine food web from Dalian Bay, Northeast China to investigate their occurrence andtrophic transfer. In all organisms, the detection rates were Dec 602 (99%) > mirex (95%) > Dec 603 (92%) > anti-DP (91%) > syn-DP (82%) > Dec 604 (9.6%). The concentrations were 0.92–16 ng/g lipid weight (lw) for mirex, 0.53–2.3 ng/g lw for syn-DP, 1.1–4.5 ng/g lw for anti-DP, 0.19–5.0 ng/g lw for Dec 602, 0.26–1.9 ng/g lw for Dec 603 and 0.020–0.33 ng/g lw for Dec 604. Significant positive relationships (p < 0.0001) were observed between lipid normalized concentrations and trophic levels for mirex (R2 = 0.80) and Dec602 (R2 = 0.82) in food webs, with the calculated TMFs values of 3.09 and 3.39, respectively, indicating the trophic magnification potential of these compounds. For syn-DP, anti-DP, Dec 603 and Dec 604, the similar significant relationships were not found, suggesting that these chemicals do not trophic magnification nor trophic dilution in the food web. With low log KOW values for mirex (7.01) and Dec 602 (8.05), these two compounds have the highest magnifications potentials, while the magnification potential of Dec 603, Dec 604 and DP dramatically decreased because of their extremely big log KOW values (higher than 10). The observed fractional abundance of anti-DP (fanti) ranged of 0.58–0.69, closing to the one in Chinese industrial products, indicating DP isomers had not undergone significant differences of physicochemical or biological process in the studied food web.

Lagged response of summer precipitation to solar activity in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River

In the context of more frequent extreme precipitation worldwide, the Sun’s influence on global or regional rainfall patterns has attracted much attention. Due to its vital importance to Chinese industrial and agricultural production, the precipitation property in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR) remains a hot issue. Although previous works have implied the plausible influence of solar activity on precipitation in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the time-lagged effect is still an open question. In this paper, we adopt the China-Z index (CZI) to represent the original precipitation data, which is proposed to monitor moisture conditions over China and is more sensitive to solar activity. We explore the lagged correlations between summer precipitation in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River and solar activity. The China-Z index in June-July is negatively correlated with the sunspot number in July of the preceding year, giving a time lag of 11 months. Based on the composite analysis, we suggest that solar activity possibly modulates the precipitation by influencing the local moisture and its vertical movement through the sea-land thermal contrast and the associated East Asian summer monsoon on a much larger scale.

Measure is treasure: Revisiting the role of environmental regulation in Chinese industrial green productivity

Green productivity plays an important role in China's industrial economy. By adopting the technique of Malmquist Luenberger index based on the non-radial directional distance function (NDDF), this paper evaluates the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of the 36 sub-industries in China's industrial field from 2005 to 2015. On this basis, this article further investigates the effects as well as impact mechanisms of environmental regulation (ER) on the industrial GTFP. The empirical analysis reveals that there is a significant positive correlation between ER and industrial green growth, with a one-standard-deviation rise in ER leading to an average 0.0683% GTFP increase. Through the decomposition procedure of Chinese industrial GTFP, we further prove that technological progress, compared to technical efficiency improvement, plays a more essential role in driving industrial green growth. Results of the intermediate effects model indicate that ER can promote the industrial GTFP through industrial structure upgrading. We also find that the effect of ER varies with the levels of per capita output, energy efficiency, and technology intensity. This study sheds new light on the effects of ER on industrial GTFP from perspectives of heterogeneous effects and impact mechanisms analysis.

Quantitative analysis of CO2 uptake by alkaline solid wastes in China

About two-thirds of global CO2 emissions from the energy and industry sectors are generated in China, accounting for approximately 30% of total global CO2 emissions. These carbon-intensive processes usually produce a large amount of so-called alkaline solid wastes e.g. blast furnace slag (BFS), which have shown great potential to serve as CO2 absorbers. In this regard, the climate impacts of these human activities should be re-evaluated by considering the carbon offsetting effects. While recent studies have been focusing on accelerated carbonation of such ‘waste’ from a technical perspective, the natural carbonation of these solid residues has not been comprehensively investigated. In this research, combining experimental data, we established an analytical carbon sink accounting model to estimate the CO2 uptake of 7 types of alkaline solid wastes produced in China between 1930 and 2020 using material flow analysis (MFA), life-cycle assessment (LCA), and Monte Carlo methods. The results show that China's alkaline solid wastes from the identified industrial and agroforestry processes in 2020 absorbed 64.27 Mt CO2 (35.91–111.01, 95% CI), offsetting 2.2% of the CO2 emissions from Chinese industrial production. Cumulatively, 1099.51 Mt CO2 had been sequestered by natural carbonation, since 1930. The majority of CO2 uptake is attributed to coal combustion ash (CCA) and biomass ash (BA), which accounted for 35.9% and 26.3% of the total uptake combined respectively. All types of solid wastes exhibited rapidly increasing sequestration from 1930 to 2020 apart from yellow phosphorous slag (YPS) and oil shale ash (OSA), with substantial interannual variability. Our results indicate that the natural carbonation of such ‘waste’ can reduce the carbon footprint of the corresponding industrial and agroforestry processes, and make the case for further research of their full potential.

Nigeria-China Bilateral Relations: The Current Challenges, 2015-2020

The year 2020 marked the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Nigeria and China. Despite the functioning of Sino-Nigerian bilateral relations, Nigerians have resented and criticized every socio-economic interaction. Concern was raised about the alleged disadvantages on Nigeria's fragile economy by the dumping of inferior Chinese industrial products in Nigeria. Some scholars claim that Nigeria's investment in China has less opportunities to survive due to the restrictions on employment and visa restrictions faced by many Nigerians to explore business opportunities in China. It is against this backdrop, this study examined the relationship between Nigeria and China, accessing their strategic relevance and the current challenges in their bilateral relations. The study also pinpoint into Sino-Nigeria relations during the novel corona virus. This work adopts the historical method of discuss and analysis in understanding the Nigeria-China bilateral relations from 2000 till the covid-19 era. In other to properly do this, this paper looks at primary and secondary sources such as books, newspaper reports, interviews, journal articles among others. The study adopted the Neoliberal Institutionalism theory to explain Sino-Nigeria bilateral relations. The findings from the study showed that the bilateral relations benefited China more in terms of trade, its unwillingness to assist Nigeria curb unemployment challenges and the failure to transfer technology to Nigeria. Given that the relationship is lopsided, the study concludes that Nigeria’s problems cannot be solved by China as the former must learn from China’s hard way to industrialization. &#x0D;

Exchange Rate Fluctuations and the Quality of Products Imported by Chinese Manufacturing Firms

ABSTRACT Based on firm-level Chinese Customs and Industrial Production micro data for 2000–2013, this study investigates the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the quality of products imported by Chinese manufacturing firms. The empirical results show that exchange rate appreciation upgrades the quality of imported products through the price effect, new product variety effect, and competitive effect channels, and by improving the quality of exported products. Our empirical results are robust after considering several potential problems. Furthermore, we find that the quality of products imported by firms with lower productivity, fewer financing constraints, non-core products, low market share, foreign-invested and private enterprises and countries with higher level of economic development upgrade more in respond to exchange rate appreciation. These results imply that exchange rate appreciation is an important way to encourage firms to upgrade the quality of imported products.

Measuring the bias of technical change of industrial energy and environment productivity in China: a global DEA-Malmquist productivity approach.

Thanks to the booming industry, China has made a huge economic achievement during the past several decades. However, it is suffering severe environmental and sustainable problems now. To find a sustainable development path, it is necessary to assess Chinese industrial energy and environment productivity and explore the contributing reasons. It is known that the technical change is the one power that drives the growth of the industrial productivity. Nevertheless, the technical change bias of Chinese industrial energy and environment productivity has rarely been analyzed, such that the secrets of Chinese industrial energy and environment productivity cannot be further uncovered. Thus, in this paper, we first propose a global DEA-Malmquist productivity index to evaluate the industrial energy and environment productivity of China and then figure out the Chinese industrial technical change biases by relaxing the Hicks' neutral assumption and decomposing the industrial technical change. We find out that both the global DEA-Malmquist productivity and the technical change are increased. Furthermore, the technical change drives the improvement of the global Malmquist productivity, but the technical progress is mainly driven by labor, energy consumption and CO2 emission biases. A multinomial logistic model is employed to find out the reasons for these biases. It finds that (1) the economic foundation has a significant positive impact on labor bias, while the infrastructures have negative impacts on labor bias. (2) CO2 emission bias is influence by energy prices positively. (3) The energy prices and the energy consumption structure have a negative influence on labor and energy bias, but the cost of curbing air pollutants and the size of the firm influence labor and energy bias positively. (4) The infrastructures and energy prices affect energy and CO2 emission bias positively, and the economic foundation and the size of the firm have negative impacts on energy and CO2 emission bias.

The Theory and Practice of Evaluating Green Factories in China

It is well acknowledged that, China is a country with copious manufacturing industries, and Chinese industrial products spread all over the world. Research into the theory and practice of evaluating manufacturing factories in China is of highly significant. However, the traditional method of evaluating factories tends to focus on individual aspects such as efficiency, energy conservation, and environmental protections. There have been relatively few reports covering comprehensive evaluation methods for a systematic green factory. Based on an analysis of the current situation in various countries and regions, the concept and scope of the China Green Factory (CGF) have been defined. The characteristics of a CGF include the intensification of land, the decontamination of raw materials, clean production, waste administration, and the reduction of carbon and energy. The objectives of this paper are to highlight the current policy and research on the CGFs, quantify the positive effects of CGFs, and make some suggestions for future development.

What drives fluctuations in exchange rate growth in emerging markets – A multi-level dynamic factor approach

Historically, exchange rates in many emerging economies have been volatile. We use a dynamic hierarchical factor model to investigate the driving forces behind these fluctuations in exchange rate growth and find that in recent years, especially since the Great Recession, the common (world) factor has become more important. We also find that, since 2009, US monetary policy and Chinese economic growth have had much greater effects on emerging market exchange rate growth fluctuations. The historical decomposition indicates that 18.8% and 23% of the variations in the world factor after 2009 can be explained by US monetary policy shock and Chinese industrial production shock, respectively.

CHINESE INVESTMENT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR NIGERIA’S ECONOMIC SECURITY

Apesar das relações bilaterais funcionais existentes entre a Nigéria e a China, os benefícios acumulados para cada país de sua interação socio-econômica têm atraído debate, ressentimento e críticas entre os nigerianos. Preocupações foram levantadas sobre o impacto negativo presumido dos investimentos chineses na frágil economia da Nigéria através do dumping de produtos industriais chineses inferiores no país e da falta de transferência de tecnologia da China para a Nigéria. Alguns estudiosos argumentam que há menos oportunidades para a sobrevivência dos investimentos da Nigéria na China, esta que é amplamente caracterizada pelas restrições de emprego e vistos para muitos nigerianos que procuram explorar oportunidades de negócios na China. Este estudo analisou o perfil de investimento da China na Nigéria e suas implicações para a segurança econômica desta. Especificamente, o documento traçou o contexto das relações Nigéria-China e investigou os principais impulsos e importância estratégica desse relacionamento. O estudo também identificou os setores-chave dos investimentos chineses na economia nigeriana e discutiu as implicações das relações bilaterais Nigéria-China para a sobrevivência econômica da Nigéria. O estudo está ancorado em metodologia de pesquisa descritiva, consistindo de dados qualitativos B, que se basearam principalmente na literatura existente. Os resultados do trabalho mostraram que a Nigéria e a China se beneficiaram de suas relações diplomáticas, mas a relação entre os dois países não é mutuamente recompensadora por essa ser inclinada para a China. A relação desigual entre os dois países aumentou a dependência da economia nigeriana na China e enfraqueceu sua segurança econômica. Os resultados também revelaram que a China é um modelo global de transformação socioeconômica rápida que a Nigéria poderia estudar para melhorar o desempenho ideal de sua economia. O estudo concluiu que, para a Nigéria beneficiar-se otimamente de suas relações econômicas competitivas com a China, o país precisa construir sua capacidade produtiva interna por meio do treinamento regular de sua força de trabalho, além de também proibir a importação de produtos chineses comparativamente inferiores.

The Synergy in the Economic Production System: An Empirical Study with Chinese Industry

Due to the difference in pollutants discharged, along with heterogeneous abatement technology, the structural and model design of the economic production system needs to consider these differences. This study first proposes a network slacks-based model (SBM) to address the inefficiency of the production system after considering pollutant abatement technology heterogeneity for different kinds of pollutant. Then, we employ the model to study the inefficiency of the Chinese industrial production system, analyzing the inefficiency in the stages of economic production and pollutant treatment. Furthermore, the regional distribution of inefficiencies concerning SO2 (NOx) generation (emission) are discussed and compared. The results show that only the joint reduction of NOx in two sub-stages simultaneously is feasible, and the synergistic pollutant reductions seems limited.

Entire industrial chain botanical origin authenticity control of ginseng formula granule products using simple PCR-based identification

Ginseng formula granule is derived from the root of P. ginseng, and is one of the most important Chinese industrial herbal products. Discriminating between P. ginseng and its closely-related substitutes, P. quinquefolius (American ginseng) and P. notoginseng (Notoginseng) in formula granule is a critical issue in the ginseng industrial chain. The industrial chain begins with the ginseng crop, which undergoes a series of herbal preparation procedures—processing, extraction, concentration, desiccation, and granulation. During these processes, morphological appearances and microscopic characteristics are destroyed, and phytochemical profiles vary greatly by extract manipulation, formulation process, and storage conditions. Therefore, a uniform authenticity control method is necessary for the critical stages in the entire industrial formula granule production process. In this study, a simple allele-specific identification method was established for uniform botanical origin authenticity control of ginseng drugs, extracts, and formula granule. P. ginseng-specific primers and non-P. ginseng–specific primers from high copy number 18S rDNA were employed for ginseng authenticity identification. They were used to generate 166 bp fragments from the original plant, crude drug, extract, and formula granule. The method was capable not only of distinguishing P. ginseng from related species, but also of detecting adulterants in ginseng products. This study applies a uniform DNA marker and techniques for quality control in the entire ginseng granule industrial chain.

The role of China in the global shipping industry, with emphasis on the dry bulk market

This paper examines the role of China in the development of the global maritime industry, focusing on the dry bulk market. The gradual reforms of the Chinese economy starting from the late 70s until the country's accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001 triggered an unprecedented growth of all sectors of the shipping industry, with the dry bulk sector being in the epicentre of the trading boom. China became one of the main driving forces of the demand and supply of ship transportation. An econometric model has been developed to test the validity of the theoretical analysis. Through a multiple regression model, a series of Chinese economy-related variables, potential drivers of the demand and supply of ship transportation, have been estimated as to their effect on the dry bulk market earnings using the OLS technique. Six of these factors, including the Chinese industrial production growth, the Chinese dry bulk seaborne imports, the Chinese-owned dry bulk fleet and the Chinese shipyards' output, are proved to be statistically significant determinants of the dry bulk vessels' earnings. The evaluation of the regression results provides sufficient comfort in relation to the validity of the conclusions.

Prediction on Carbon Emissions Reduction and Analysis on Economic Development Based on Energy Consumption Policy

As to the global warming, China has confidence in the development of the economy by bearing responsibility and obligation toward curbing global warming, which at this time can be achieved by reducing carbon emissions. Industry is an important material production department in the national economy, and plays a leading role in the national economy. Chinese industrial production is mainly based on the consumption of fossil fuels, resulting in a large amount of CO2 emission. Therefore, how to find a way to predict the discharge of CO2 by computer technology and make people realize the importance of low carbon development at industrial level is the focus of this study.

Hacking with Chinese Characteristics

From the rising number of hackerspaces to an increase in hardware start-ups, maker culture is envisioned as an enabler of the next industrial revolution—a source of unhindered technological innovation, a revamp of broken economies and educational systems. Drawing from long-term ethnographic research, this article examines how China’s makers demarcate Chinese manufacturing as a site of expertise in implementing this vision. China’s makers demonstrate that the future of making—if to materialize in the ways currently envisioned by writers, politicians, and scholars of the global tech industry—rests on taking seriously the technological and cultural fabrics of professional making outside familiar information technology innovation hubs like Silicon Valley: making-do, mass production, and reuse. I trace back to China’s first hackerspace, documenting how a collective of makers began to move away from appropriating Western concepts of openness toward promoting China as source for knowledge, creativity, and innovation. This article demonstrates that when China’s makers set up open hardware businesses and articulate a unique culture of “hacking with Chinese characteristics,” they draw boundaries between the professional making they saw embodied in Chinese industrial production and the hobbyist making embodied in Western histories and cultures of hacking. In so doing, they position China as site of both technological and cultural expertise, intervening in dominant conceptions of computing that split manufacturing and innovation along geographical lines. This article contributes to critical scholarship of innovation and making cultures, technological expertise, and authorship.

The TKC test of the effect of Chinese industrial products export trade on the environmental pollution

Abstract The scale of Chinese export trade is growing, and the strength of our country's export trade is increasing gradually. With the improvement of living standard, demanding of environmental quality is also increasing gradually. In particular, the problems caused by industrial environmental pollution are very seriously, the contradiction between trade and environmental pollution is obvious. This article selects export trade data of industrial products as well as environmental pollution data from 1990 to 2009. The EKC theory is applied to international trade and environmental studies, verified the shape of our country's EKC curve, putting the export trade variable into CUBIC model, analysis the impacts of industrial export products dependence to environment. In addition, the paper analyzes the impact of Chinese manufactured export goods to environment from scale effect, structure effect and technology effect. At last, the paper submits the policy recommendations between the coordinated development of foreign trade and environment.

Ownership, Productivity Change, and Financial Performance in Chinese Industry

This paper investigates Chinese industrial productivity from 1980 to 1996. Results include series for foreign-linked, shareholding, and private enterprises. We find long-term productivity increase, with growth rates declining during the 1990's. Productivity outcomes outside the state and collective sectors are modest, with shareholding enterprises suffering productivity declines. The paper examines differences in marginal factor productivity across ownership types, considers the impact of business cycles on the interpretation of productivity trends, and documents a statistical relationship among the profitability of state enterprises, the relative productivity performance of state firms, and the entry of new firms outside the state sector.J. Comp. Econom., December 2000, 28(4), pp. 786–813. Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 5 Jianguomennei Street, Beijing, China 100732.

Identifying excesses and deficits in Chinese industrial productivity (1953–1990): a weighted data envelopment analysis approach

The paper investigates excesses and deficits in Chinese industrial productivity for the years (1953–1990), by combining data envelopment analysis (DEA) with other management science approaches. Improvement factors are examined with the incorporation of a priori information through Delphi, AHP and assurance region (AR) techniques. Various multiple input and multiple output sets are selected to study overall performance, industrial development, and product-related efficiency of Chinese industry. The application also identifies factors that affect the productivity of China’s industry in a positive or negative way, i.e., simultaneously identifies both excesses and deficits. Furthermore, the impact of economic reforms and five-year plans is discussed. The current study demonstrates that DEA can be combined with other methods to yield more valid results, insights and recommendations such as: (1) Chinese industrial productivity increased as a result of the five-year plans; (2) the economic reforms changed the behaviour of the enterprises; (3) efficient and effective targets within the industrial development plans can be set, and corrections and revisions can be made; and (4) enterprises should be given more decision-making autonomy in production as well as investment.

Chinese Industrial Productivity: Trends, Measurement Issues, and Recent Developments

This paper extends measures of total factor productivity (TFP) for China's state and collective industry to cover the period 1980–1992, analyzes issues raised by critics of previous studies, and evaluates the robustness of productivity results. TFP increased in both major segments of Chinese industry throughout 1980–1992. The analysis of measurement issues confirms earlier results showing moderate TFP growth for state industry. Data bias may undercut the common observation of differential TFP growth favoring collective industry. TFP growth declines after 1988, especially in the state sector, where partial productivity of fixed capital drops. Differential rates of capacity utilization and, in state industry, selection bias and an unresponsive system of investment finance may have retarded the measured growth of productivity during 1988–1992.

People's Advertising in China: A Longitudinal Content Analysis of the People's Daily Since 1949

The number of advertisements in the People's Daily newspaper has increased, as has the proportion of advertisements whose objective is to introduce new Chinese industrial products targeted towards corporate audiences. Also consistent with modernization and marketization efforts, there are more foreign advertisers and a wider variety of written and visual execution styles.