Chinese Han Nationality Population Research Articles

Allele Frequency and Distribution of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Promoter Region of Gene Encoding the Kidd Blood Group Antigens

To study the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in promoter region of the Jk gene and its allele frequency as well as distribution characteristics in the Chinese Han nationality population. 127 blood samples containing 8 Jk(a-b-) and 119 samples (as control) taken randomly from voluntary blood donors of Chinese Han nationality persons in Shenzhen Blood Center were collected. The Kidd phenotypes were identified by using the serologic test and urea hemolysis test; the Jk promoter, exon 1-11 region and respective flanking area were amplified and sequenced, then the sequence information was analyzed. 8 Jk(a-b-) samples all carried JkB/JkB allele which belongs to 2 kind of Jknull genotypes commonly observed in Chinese Han nationality population. 6 IVS5-1g>a and 2 896G>A were found in 8 Jk(a-b-) samples. Besides, all Jk(a-b-) samples were homozygous for JkB/JkB allele. Three SNPs-110(rs900974), -160(rs1484877) and -258(rs1484878) in promoter region of the Jk gene were found and sequenceds calculation of allele and genotype frequencies showed that the result accorded with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, indicating that the population in this study possesses representative characteristics of the Chinese Han nationality population. The polymorphism of the Jk gene occurs in promoter region. This study calculates the allele frequencies of three SNPs-110(rs900974), -160(rs1484877) and -258(rs1484878) in promoter region of the Jk gene, and shows their distribution characteristics in distinct Kidd phenotypes. These findings provide the basic foundation for further population genetics research.

Association Between Homocysteine Level and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetes Accompanied by Dyslipidemia.

Objective To investigate the association between total homocysteine (tHcy) level in plasma and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C genetic polymorphisms in a Chinese Han nationality population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accompanied by dyslipidemia. Methods This case-control study enrolled T2DM patients with dyslipidemia and without dyslipidemia respectively. Sanger dideoxy-mediated chain-termination method was used to detect the gene polymorphisms of MTHFR C677T and A1298C. Plasma tHcy and lipid levels were measured as well. The genotype frequency and allele frequency between the dyslipidemia and non-dyslipidemia groups were compared by using Chi-square test. Plasma tHcy level of T2DM patients who carried the different genotypes was compared by Student's t test. Results Finally, 82 T2DM patients with dyslipidemia and 94 ones without dyslipidemia were included in this study. There was a significant correlation between tHcy level and MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism in T2DM patients (t=2.27, P=0.02). Moreover, the plasma tHcy level in the dyslipidemia patients who carried MTHFR 677 TT genotype was significantly higher than that in those with CT+CC genotype (13.62±6.97 vs. 10.95±3.62 μmol/L, t=2.20, P=0.03); while for patients without dyslipidemia, comparison of the tHcy level between those who carried the above two alleles showed no significantly difference (13.34±6.03 vs. 12.04±5.09 μmol/L, t=1.08, P=0.29). Conclusion MTHFR 677TT genotype might associate with higher tHcy level in T2DM patients with dyslipidemia.

Relationship between GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms and plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels in Chinese normalipidemic and endogenous hypertriglyceridemic subjects

To investigate effects of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms on serum lipid and apopoprotein levels in healthy normolipidemic and endogenous hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Two hundred and thirty-seven healthy normolipidemic and 102 endogenous hypertriglyceridemic subjects from a population of Chinese Han nationality in Chengdu area were studied using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum lipids were measured by enzymatic kits and apolipoproteins AⅠ, AⅡ, B100, CⅡ, CⅢ and E were measured by the RID kits. The non-null and null genotype frequencies for GSTM1 site were 39.2% and 60.8% in the control group, respectively, and 47.6% and 52.4% in the HTG group, respectively. The non-null and null genotype frequencies for GSTT1 site were 51.5% and 48.5% in the control group, respectively, and 57.3% and 42.7% in the HTG group, respectively. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotype frequencies in HTG subjects were not different from those in the controls, respectively (P>0.05). However, in control group subjects with both null genotypes (GSTT1- and GSTM1-) showed the lowest plasma HDL-C levels (1.29±0.30 mmol/L), whereas those with each of the other three genotype combinations showed relatively higher HDL-C levels. There was significant difference of HDL-C levels between subjects with GSTT1-/GSTM1-and those with GSTT1+/GSTM1-(P<0.05). Similar result was not observed in HTG group. No significant changes of lipid and lipoprotein levels were observed in either GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphism alone in control or HTG group. The present study provides an evidence that the presence of double deletion genotypes is associated with low HDL-cholesterol levels in normal Chinese subjects. However, these polymorphisms are not associated with lipid levels in endogenous hypertriglyceridemia in Chinese population of Chengdu area.

Effect of the R92H and A379V genotypes of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase on its enzyme activity, oxidative stress and metabolic profile in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

BackgroundThe G994T polymorphism in platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) gene is associated with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between R92H and A379V variants of the PAF-AH gene and the risk of PCOS and to evaluate the effects of the genotypes on PAF-AH activities and clinical, metabolic and oxidative stress indexes in Chinese women.MethodsA total of 862 patients with PCOS based on the Rotterdam consensus criteria and 750 control women from a population of Chinese Han nationality in the Chengdu area were studied from 2006–2015. PAF-AH genotypes were determined by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Plasma PAF-AH, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated PAF-AH (H-PAF-AH) and apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoprotein-associated PAF-AH (apoB-PAF-AH) activities were measured using the trichloroacetic acid precipitation procedure with PAF C-16 as a substrate. Circulating markers of oxidative stress, including serum total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress index and malondialdehyde levels, and clinical and metabolic parameters were also analyzed.ResultsNo significant differences were observed in the frequencies of R92H and A379V genotypes and alleles of the PAF-AH gene between PCOS and control groups (P > 0.05). Compared with patients with the 92RR genotype, patients with H allele of R92H (RH + HH genotype) had significantly higher plasma PAF-AH and apoB-PAF-AH activities (P < 0.05) and tended to exhibit increased H-PAF-AH activity (P = 0.063) after adjusted for age and BMI. However, when serum LDL-C, HDL-C, TG and HOMA index were added as covariates, the comparisons no longer remained statistical significance (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in clinical, hormonal, metabolic and circulating oxidative stress parameters and the frequencies of PAF-AH G449T genotype according to PAF-AH R92H or A379V genotyping in patients with PCOS and control women.ConclusionsThere were no significant associations between R92H and A379V variants of PAF-AH gene and risk of PCOS in Chinese women. The increased plasma PAF-AH and apoB-PAF-AH activities in patients with H allele of R92H are related to the R92 → H variation, changes in plasma lipoprotein levels, insulin resistance, aging, and gaining weight and thus may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS and the increased risks of future cardiovascular diseases.

Association of interleukin-17 single nucleotide polymorphisms with susceptibility to osteoarthritis

Objective To test single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of IL-17A G-197A and IL-17F T7488C in the Chinese Han nationality population and analyze the association of the SNP with susceptibility to osteoarthritis. Methods Two hundred patients with primary knee OA underwent total knee arthroplasty and 200 healthy individuals were recruited into this study from January 2008 to December 2015. We obtained DNA from 2 ml of whole blood for 200 OA patients (OA group) and 200 healthy (healthy control group) to employed a polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) assay to identify the genotypes IL-17A G-197A (rs2275913) and IL-17F T7488C (rs2275913). The distribution of IL-17A G-197A (rs2275913) and IL-17F T7488C (rs2275913) genotypes and allele frequencies were detected between the two groups. Chi-square test was used to compare genotype and allele frequency of IL-17A G-197A and IL-17F T7488C between the two groups. If the difference between the two groups was statistically significant, then odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) would be calculated. Results The frequency of AA, AG and GG genotype of IL-17A G-197A(rs2275913) was 4.0%, 54.0% and 42.0% in OA group, which differed from control group (18.0%, 53.5% and 28.5%). The frequency of A and G allele were 31.0% and 69.0% in OA group, which differed from control group (44.8% and 55.3%). The risk of OA in carriers with an G allele (G/A or G/G genotypes) was statistically higher compared to that of carriers with the A/A genotype (AG: OR=0.862, 95%CI=0.729-1.019; GG: OR= 1.259, 95% CI=0.967-1.639; A:OR=0.693, 95% CI=0.577-0.831; G:OR=1.249, 95% CI=1.119-1.394). The distributions of TT, TC and CC genotypes for the IL-17F T7488C polymorphism (rs763780) in OA patients and controls shown 76.5%, 18.0%, 5.5% and 81.5%, 15.5%, 3.0%,respectively. The frequency of T and C allele were 85.5%, 14.5% and 89.3%, 10.8% in 2 group. There were no significant differences in the alleles frequency and genotypes distribution for IL-17F T7488C between OA patients and volunteers. Conclusion Polymorphism of IL-17A G-197A may be closely associated with susceptibility to the development of OA in the Chinese Han nationality population. Genotype G/A and G/G of rs2275913 is a high factor for OA while AA is a low risk factor. However, there is no relationship between rs763780 and OA susceptibility. IL-17F T7488C gene does not increase the risk of suffering from OA. Key words: Osteoarthritis, knee; Interleukins; Genetic testing; Disease susceptibility

Analysis of -3826A/G polymorphism in the promoter of the uncoupling protein-1 gene in Chinese non-obese and obese populations

To investigate the -3826A/G polymorphism in the promoter of the uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) gene and its relations to obesity in Chinese population. Three hundred and eighty-four subjects (257 non-obese and 127 obese individuals) from a population of Chinese Han nationality in Chengdu area were studied using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLPs). Serum lipids were measured by enzymatic kits and apolipoproteins A I, A II, B100, C II, C III and E were measured by the RID kits. The frequencies of A and G alleles at -3826A/G site in obese and non-obese groups were 0.508 and 0.492, and 0.467 and 0.533, respectively. It showed no significant difference in allele frequencies between non-obese and obese groups (P > 0.05). In the obese group, subjects with genotype GG had higher serum apo B100 concentrations, and those with genotype AG had higher apo C II and apo C III levels, than those with genotype AA, respectively (P < 0.05). In non-obese male subgroup, subjects with genotype GG had lower serum HDL-C and apo A I levels than those with genotype AA, respectively (P < 0.05), whereas those with genotype AG had lower apo A II levels than those with genotype AA. In addition, in obese males with genotype GG had elevated apo B100 levels compared with those with genotype AA, whereas in obese females with genotype GG had decreased apo AI levels and genotype AG had increased apo C II and apo C III levels compared with those with genotype AG and AA, respectively (P < 0.05). -3826A/G polymorphism in the promoter of the uncoupling protein-1 gene was not associated with obesity in Chinese Han population of Chengdu area. It may be associated with serum HDL-C, apo A I and apo B100 levels in non-obese and/or obese subjects of certain genders.

GW26-e0374 Could Central Hemodynamic Indices be the indicator of Orthostatic Hypotension in Chinese Han Nationality population?

GW26-e0374 Could Central Hemodynamic Indices be the indicator of Orthostatic Hypotension in Chinese Han Nationality population?

GW25-e1114 Is Pulse Pressure a Predictor of Diabetes in Chinese Han Nationality Population?: 15-year prospective study in Chengdu Community

GW25-e1114 Is Pulse Pressure a Predictor of Diabetes in Chinese Han Nationality Population?: 15-year prospective study in Chengdu Community

Is pulse pressure a predictor of diabetes in Chinese Han nationality population? 15-year prospective study in Chengdu community

Is pulse pressure a predictor of diabetes in Chinese Han nationality population? 15-year prospective study in Chengdu community

Effects of apolipoprotein E genotypes on metabolic profile and oxidative stress in south-west Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

ObjectiveApolipoprotein (APO) E genetic polymorphism plays an important role in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, and has been shown to be associated with the risk of metabolic and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. It is not clear, however, whether there are any relationships between the APOE genotypes and PCOS in Chinese women. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between APOE genotypes and the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to evaluate the effects of the genotypes on metabolic profile and oxidative stress in south-west Chinese women. Study designA total of 625 patients with PCOS based on the Rotterdam consensus criteria and 514 control women from a population of Chinese Han nationality in the Chengdu area were studied during 2006–2012. APOE genotypes were determined by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Clinical and metabolic parameters, serum malondialdehyde concentration, and total antioxidant capacity were analyzed. ResultsNo significant differences were found in the frequencies of APOE genotypes (E2/2, E2/3, E2/4, E3/3, E3/4, E4/4) and alleles (ɛ2, ɛ3, ɛ4) between PCOS and control groups. Compared with ɛ3 homozygotes (APOE3/3), however, ɛ2 carriers (APOE2/2+APOE2/3+APOE2/4) had significantly higher body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, a more adverse glucose and insulin metabolic profile, lower high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (C) and APOA1 levels, higher triglyceride (TG)/HDL-C ratio and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), whereas ɛ4 carriers (APOE3/4+APOE4/4) had higher total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-C levels in patients with PCOS. ConclusionsIn a cohort of south-west Chinese women, there were no significant associations between any APOE genotype and PCOS. The APOE ɛ2 allele seems to be related to abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and MS in PCOS women.

Over Time, Do Anthropometric Measures Still Predict Diabetes Incidence in Chinese Han Nationality Population from Chengdu Community?

Objective. To examine whether anthropometric measures could predict diabetes incidence in a Chinese population during a 15-year follow-up. Design and Methods. The data were collected in 1992 and then again in 2007 from the same group of 687 individuals. Waist circumference, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, and waist to height ratio were collected based on a standard protocol. To assess the effects of baseline anthropometric measures on the new onset of diabetes, Cox's proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios of them, and the discriminatory power of anthropometric measures for diabetes was assessed by the area under the receiver operating curve (AROC). Results. Seventy-four individuals were diagnosed with diabetes during a 15-year follow-up period (incidence: 10.8%). These anthropometric measures also predicted future diabetes during a long follow-up (P < 0.001). At 7-8 years, the AROC of central obesity measures (WC, WHpR, WHtR) were higher than that of general obesity measures (BMI) (P < 0.05). But, there were no significant differences among the four anthropometric measurements at 15 years. Conclusions. These anthropometric measures could still predict diabetes with a long time follow-up. However, the validity of anthropometric measures to predict incident diabetes may change with time.

Evidence for association between paraoxonase 1 gene polymorphisms and polycystic ovarian syndrome in south-west Chinese women

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between 192Q/R and 55L/M polymorphisms of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in Chinese women. A case-control study. A total of 1113 subjects (610 patients with PCOS and 503 control women) from a population of Chinese Han nationality in Chengdu area were included in this study. PON1 genotypes were studied using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Clinical and metabolic parameters were analyzed. The frequencies of PON1 192RR genotype and R allele were significantly higher in patients with PCOS than in control women (44.6 vs 36.4%, 0.667 vs 0.610 respectively). The 192RR genotype remained a significant predictor for PCOS (odds ratio (RR/QR)(+)(QQ): 1.656, 95% confidence interval: 1.156-2.371) in prognostic models including age, body mass index, insulin resistance index, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL as covariates. Compared with patients with QQ genotype, patients with RR or QR genotype had significantly higher waist circumference and fasting insulin and triglyceride levels, patients with RR genotype had significantly higher waist-to-hip ratio, and patients with QR genotype had significantly higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Such relationships were not detected in the control women. No significant differences were found in the frequencies of PON1 55L/M genotype and allele between PCOS and control groups. The 192Q/R, but not 55L/M, polymorphism in PON1 gene is associated with the risk of PCOS in south-west Chinese women.

Lack of association between the unique LMP2 gene polymorphism and the outcome of lung cancer in a population of Chinese Han nationality

Lung cancer is characterized by a widely ranging incidence variation; it is the most common cancer in China. In this study we will assess the association of low-molecular-mass protease 2 (LMP2) gene codon 60 polymorphism with the risk of lung cancer. Genomic DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was isolated from 207 patients with lung cancer and 264 healthy controls. DNA direct sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism were performed to scrutinize LMP2 gene codon 60 polymorphism. The risk of LMP2 gene polymorphism in lung cancer was assessed using an unconditional logistic regression model adjusted by the confounding factors. As a result of DNA direct sequencing, the LMP2 codon 60 polymorphic substitution of the nucleotide was CGC → TGC in Chinese individuals, not CGC → CAC as reported in other ethnic populations. In histology-specific analysis and TNM stages, there was no apparent association between this LMP2 gene polymorphism and any of the histologic types or TNM stages of lung cancer using the Arg/Arg genotypes as the reference group (all p values > 0.05). These results suggest that the polymorphic site is unique in the Chinese population of Han nationality at the LMP2 codon 60 loci (Arg60Cys), but a lack of association with lung cancer exists.

Identification of the G994T polymorphism in exon 9 of plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase gene as a risk factor for polycystic ovary syndrome

Low-grade chronic inflammation and greater risks of cardiovascular diseases are often present in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) hydrolyzes and inactivates PAF and PAF-like oxidized phospholipids that are potent lipid mediators involved in inflammation and atherosclerosis. Deficiency of this enzyme is caused by a missense mutation (G994 --> T) in exon 9 of the plasma PAF-AH gene. The aim of the study was to investigate a possible association of this polymorphism with the risk of PCOS and to evaluate the effects of the genotype on the activity and distribution of PAFAH in Chinese patients. A total of 661 subjects (346 patients with PCOS and 315 healthy control women) from a population of Chinese Han nationality in Chengdu area were included in this study. PAFAH G994T genotype was studied using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Total plasma PAF-AH, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated PAF-AH (H-PAF-AH) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-associated PAF-AH (L-PAF-AH) activities were measured by the trichloroacetic acid precipitation procedure using [(3)H-acetyl] PAF and PAF C-16 as a substrate. The prevalence of the mutant genotype (GT + TT) was significantly more frequent in patients with PCOS than in control subjects (12.7 versus 6.0%, P = 0.003). Genotype (GT + TT) remained a significant predictor for PCOS (P = 0.020) in prognostic models including age, body mass index, insulin resistance index, triglyceride, HDL and LDL as covariates. There was a significant difference in plasma PAF-AH, L-PAF-AH and H-PAF-AH activities between GG and GT genotypes in both the patient and control groups. The ratio of L-PAF-AH to H-PAF-AH activities was significantly higher after adjustment for multiple variables in patients with GT genotype compared with patients with GG genotype (P = 0.003). There were no significant differences in clinical, biochemical and metabolic parameters according to PAFAH G994T genotyping in patients with PCOS and control women. The G994T polymorphism in PAFAH gene may be one of the genetic determinants for PCOS in Chinese Han women.

The -384A >C polymorphism of endothelial lipase gene promoter region in Chinese healthy normolipidemic and endogenous hypertriglyceridemic subjects

To investigate the effects of the -384A>C polymorphism in the promoter region of endothelial lipase (EL) gene on serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in healthy normolipidemic (HTG) and endogenous hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) subjects. Two hundred and fourteen healthy normolipidemic and 103 endogenous hypertriglyceridemic subjects from a population of Chinese Han nationality in Chengdu area were studied using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs). Serum lipids were measured by enzymatic kits and apolipoproteins AI, AII, B100, CII, CIII and E were measured by the radial immunadiffussion kits. The frequency of the C allele at the -384A>C site in EL gene in the population (0.178) was higher than that of Japanese population (0.119) and Japanese Americans (0.115) (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01), respectively. No significant difference between normolipidemic and HTG groups was found in both allele and genotype frequencies. In normal group, subjects of the C allele carriers (A/C and C/C genotype carriers) had a higher serum mean concentration of TC, LDL-C and nHDL-C when compared with those of genotype AA (5.23 +/- 0.74 mmol/L vs 4.93 +/- 0.74 mmol/L, P=0.025; 3.27 +/- 0.74 mmol/L vs 2.98 +/- 0.80 mmol/L, P=0.038; 3.81 +/- 0.73 mmol/L vs 3.49 +/- 0.85 mmol/L, P=0.031, respectively). Similar result was only observed in female subgroup when male and female subgroups were further separated. No significant changes of lipid and lipoprotein levels were observed in the polymorphism in HTG group. These results suggest that the -384A>C polymorphism in the promoter region of the endothelial lipase gene is associated with serum TC, LDL-C, and nHDL-C levels in healthy Chinese subjects in Chengdu area, but not associated with the lipid levels in the endogenous hypertriglyceridmic group.

DNA methyltransferase 3B promoter polymorphism and its susceptibility to primary hepatocellular carcinoma in the Chinese Han nationality population: A case-control study

To investigate the correlation between C/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter of the DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) gene and risk for development and progression of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One hundred case subjects were selected consecutively from Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China). from March to November 2006. They did not receive radiotherapy or chemotherapy for newly diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed HCC. One hundred and forty control subjects having no history of cancerous or genetic diseases were healthy volunteers to Wuhan Blood Center in the same period. Frequency was matched for sex, age, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking status of the case subjects. C/T polymorphism of the DNMT3B promoter was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing analysis. The association between genotypes of DNMT3B and clinicopathological parameters among cases was also studied. The CC genotype was not detected in both HCC patients and controls. In control subjects, the frequency of TT and CT genotypes was 99.3% and 0.7% respectively, and that of T and C alleles was 99.6% and 0.4% respectively. The frequency of CT genotype was higher in HCC (3.0%). The frequency of T and C alleles was 98.5% and 1.5% respectively. However, the genotype and allelotype distribution in HCC patients was not significantly different from that in controls. C/T polymorphism is not associated with the increased risk of HCC. DNMT3B genetic polymorphism is variable in different races, ethnic groups or geographic areas. Further study is needed to clarify the role of DNMT3B SNP in the development of HCC among other populations.

DNA methyltransferase 3B promoter polymorphism and its susceptibility to primary hepatocellular carcinoma in the Chinese Han nationality population: A case-control study

瞄准：为了调查在 C/T 之间的关联，在 DNA 甲基转移酶 3B (DNMT3B ) 的倡导者挑选核苷酸多型性(SNP ) 为主要肝细胞癌(HCC ) 的开发和前进的基因和风险。方法：100 个案例题目从 Tongji 医院(中国武汉) 连续地被选择。从三月到 2006 年 11 月。他们没收到放射疗法或化疗因为最新诊断了，组织病理学说的联盟者证实了 HCC。没有癌或基因的疾病的历史的 140 个控制题目是到血在一样的经期集中的武汉的健康志愿者。频率为性别，年龄，白酒消费和案例题目的香烟吸烟地位被匹配。DNMT3B 倡导者的 C/T 多型性被分析使用聚合酶链反应限制碎片长度多型性(PCR-RFLP ) 并且定序分析。在在案例之中的 DNMT3B 和 clinicopathological 参数的遗传型之间的协会也被学习。结果：CC 遗传型没在 HCC 病人和控制被检测。在控制题目， TT 和 CT 遗传型的频率分别地是 99.3% 和 0.7% ，并且 T 和 C 等位基因的分别地是 99.6% 和 0.4% 。CT 遗传型的频率在 HCC (3.0%) 是更高的。T 和 C 等位基因的频率分别地是 98.5% 和 1.5% 。然而，在 HCC 病人的遗传型和 allelotype 分发不在控制与那显著地不同。结论：C/T 多型性没与 HCC 的增加的风险被联系。DNMT3B 基因多型性在不同赛跑，种族组或地理区域是可变的。进一步的学习被需要在另外的人口之中在 HCC 的发展澄清 DNMT3B SNP 的角色。

Gln–Arg192 polymorphism of paraoxonase 1 is associated with carotid intima-media thickness in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus of Chinese

Serum paraoxonase (PON) is a high-density lipoprotein-bound enzyme that can prevent oxidation of low-density lipoprotein by hydrolyzing lipid peroxides and thus exert an anti-atherogenic effect. Recent studies have suggested that glutamine(Q isoform)/arginine(R isoform) polymorphism at position 192 of PON 1 gene is associated with macrovascular disease of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We re-investigated this relationship using carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) as a surrogate continuous variable for macroangiopathy. The genotype and allele frequency of PON 1 192 Q/R polymorphism was assayed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism in 152 type 2 diabetic patients and 128 healthy subjects from a population of Chinese Han nationality in ChengDu area. The carotid IMT was measured by B-mode ultrasonography in type 2 diabetic patients. No differences were found in PON 1 gene Q/R polymorphism in the type 2 diabetic patients when compared with the control group. The mean carotid IMT in type 2 diabetic subjects with the QQ, QR and RR genotype was 0.65±0.27, 0.83±0.27 and 1.05±0.32 mm, respectively. One-way ANOVA showed that IMT was significantly greater in the RR subgroup than in both QR and QQ subgroups ( P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed R allele to be the main determinant of IMT variability (OR 4.0 95% CI 2.10–7.40 P=0.005). Our data support the view that 192 R allele of PON 1 gene is a risk factor for macrovascular disease of T2DM in Chinese.