Chinese Crude Drug Research Articles

Studies on the constituents of Veratrum plants. II. Constituents of Veratrum nigrum L. var. ussuriense. (1). Structure and 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of a new alkaloid, verussurinine, and related alkaloids.

Alkaloidal constituents of the roots and rhizoma of Veratrum nigrum L. var. ussuriense (Liliaceae), which are used as a source of the Chinese crude drug Li-lu, were examined and a new alkaloid named verussurinine and six known alkaloids have been isolated. The structure of verussurinine was determined to be 16-O-(2-methylbutyroyl)germine (1) by means of spectroscopic methods, and six other alkaloids were identified as germidine (2), germerine (3), 15-O-(2-methylbutyroyl)germine (4), verazine (5), jervine (6), and neogermbudine (7), Complete assignments of the proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (1H- and 13C-NMR) signals of these alkaloids are also presented.

各地産植物精油に関する研究(第51報)ヤブジラミの精油成分

The essential oils of Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. (Japanese name, Yabujirami) of the family Umbelliferae were prepared from fresh whole herbs and fruits, and investigated by using gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses. The fruits of this plant had been used as a substitute in Japan for a Chinese crude drug Zya-syo-si: Cnidii Monnieri Fructus. Fifty three components were positively identified in the essential oils. The main components of the essential oil were germacrene-D (57.9-71.8% in the oil), alpha-humulene (2.4-13.2%), bicyclogermacrene (1.9-5.4%), beta-caryophyllene (1.5-4.6%), and delta-cadinene (1.0-1.9%).

Isolation of two new coumarin glycosides from Notopterygium forbesii and evaluation of a Chinese crude drug, qiang-huo, the underground parts of N. incisum and N. forbesii, by high-performance liquid chromatography.

From the ether extract of the underground part of Notopterygium forbesii, two new coumarin glycosides, bergaptol-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 6'-O-trans-feruloylnodakenin, were isolated along with known compounds including seven furanocoumarins, two dihydrofuranocoumarins, a sterol glucoside and two phenolic compounds. Analysis of their contents by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that the underground part of N. forbesii contained large amounts of p-hydroxphenethyl anisate (0.7%), bergaptol glucoside (0.2%), nodakenin (2%) and 6'-O-trans-feruloylnodakenin (0.7%) and a lesser amount of notopterol (0.08%), while that of N. incisum contained a large amount of notopterol (1.2%) and less amounts of the others. The characteristic difference in chemical composition between the two species enabled us to identify the respective botanical sources of a Chinese crude drug, Qiang-huo derived from N. incisum and N. forbesii by HPLC.

Antimicrobial Principles of Xian he cao(Agrimonia pilosa)

From the antimicrobially active extract of the Chinese crude drug, Xian he cao ( AGRIMONIA PILOSA Ledb.), four active compounds were isolated. They were all phloroglucinol derivatives and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.

Studies on the constituents of Veratrum plants. I. Constituents of Veratrum maackii Reg.; isolation and structure determination of a new alkaloid, maackinine.

The constituents of the roots and rhizoma of Veratrum maackii REG. (Liliaceae), wich are used as a Chinese crude drug "Li-lu, " were examined and a new steroidal alkaloid named maackinine was isolated along with five known alkaloids, germanitrine, verazine, angeloylzygadenine, zygadenine, and verazinin. The structure of maackinine was determined by the use of two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2-D NMR) techniques (fl-decoupled 1H-1H chemical shift correlation spectroscoy (COSY), 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C COSY, and long-range 1H-13C COSY spectra). Assignments of 1H- and 13C-NMR signals of these steroidal alkaloids were also performed.

Studies on the constituents of "Trichosanthes root". IV. Constituents of roots of Trichosanthes multiloba Miq., Trichosanthes miyagii Hay. and Chinese crude drug "karo-kon"

A mixture of alpha-spinasterol, stigmast-7-en-3-beta-ol (1) and its 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), bryonolic acid (3), 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin B (4), cucurbitacin B (5), cucurbitacin D (6) were obtained from the fresh roots of Trichosanthes multiloba Miq. (Cucurbitaceae). 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 were also obtained from the fresh roots of Trichosanthes miyagii Hay. From the chinese crude drug "Karo-Kon", which was considered to be prepared from the roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., 1, 2 and 3 were provided.

Vascular dilatory action of the Chinese crude drug. II. Effects of scoparone on calcium mobilization.

Further experiments were conducted to examine the effect of scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin), a coumarin derivative found in the Chinese crude drug "Capillaris Flos," on calcium mobilization. Scoparone does not affect Ca2+ influx through the voltage-dependent channel due to membrane depolarization. Its inhibitory action may be dependent not only on the inhibition of Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum but also on the inhibition of extracellular Ca2+ influx through the receptor-operated channel.

Effect of alismol isolated from Alismatis Rhizoma on working heart perfusion in rat

AbstractThe effect of alismol (Oshima et al., 1983), a sesquiterpenoid isolated from Alismatis Rhizoma which is used as a Chinese crude drug, was studied on rat isolated heart using the working heart perfusion technique. Alismol decreased cardiac output, heart rate and left ventricular pressure, but it increased coronary flow. The drug has been used for the prevention of anginal attacks and our results provide a pharmacological basis for one of the traditional medicinal effects of Alismatis Rhizoma.

Steroidal glycosides from the root of Cynanchum versicolor

Three new glycosides named cynaversicoside C, D and E with glaucogenin D as the aglycone were isolated from the Chinese crude drug ‘Pai-Wei’, Cynanchum versicolor. Their structures were determined on the bases of combined physio-chemical evidence as glaucogenin D:3- O-β- d-thevetopyranoside; glaucogenin D:3- O-β- d-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-α- l-diginopyranosyl-(1→4)-β- d-thevetopyranoside; glaucogenin D:3- O-β-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β- d-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-α- l-diginopyranosyl-(1→4)-β- d-thevetopyranoside.

The effect of scoparone, a coumarin derivative isolated from the chinese crude drug Artemisiae capillaris Flos, on the heart.

In the present study, scoparone isolated from Artemisia Capillaris Flos has been investigated to determine its pharmacological properties on the heart. Scoparone was found to cause the increase in coronary flow and heart rate, but did not affect cardiac output, left ventricular pressure or left ventricular work in the isolated perfused heart. Scoparone at 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, p.o. had a marked inhibitory effect on the ST wave depression. Consequently it is suggested that scoparone has antianginal action.

Pharmacognostical studies on the Chinese crude drug Da-huang IV, On the abnormal vascular system and coil-like vessel in the rhizomes of certain Rheum spp.

Pharmacognostical studies on the Chinese crude drug Da-huang IV, On the abnormal vascular system and coil-like vessel in the rhizomes of certain <i>Rheum</i> spp.

Studies on the Chinese crude drug "forsythiae fructus". VIII. On isolation of phenylpropanoid glycosides from fruits of Forsythia koreana and their antibacterial activity

It was revealed that the fruits of Forsythia koreana NAKAI (Oleaceae) contain four phenylpropanoid glycosides, suspensaside, β-hydroxyacteoside, forsythiaside and acteoside. Antibacterial activity of phenolic compounds isolated from Forsythia fruits and the aqueous extracts of the fruits were examined. Four phenylpropanoid glycosides and the aqueous extracts of the fruits of Forsythia suspensa showed high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus TERASHIMA.

Structure of scuterivulactone D determined by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. A new diterpenoid from a Chinese crude drug "ban zhi lian" (Scutellaria rivularis Wall.).

A new clerodane-type diterpenoid lactone, scuterivulactone D, has been isolated from the whole plants of Scutellaria rivularis Wall. and the structure has been determined by means of 2-D NMR spectroscopy including the 1H-13C long-range shift correlation spectrum.

Biological Active Macrocyclic Diterpenoids from Chinese Drug “Fáng Féng Cáo”; II1. Derivatives of Ovatodiolids and their Cytotoxity2

Isolated macrocyclic diterpenoids, ovatodiolide ( 1), 4, 5-epoxyovatodiolide ( 2), anisomelic acid ( 3), 4, 7-oxycycloanisomelic acid ( 4), and 4-methylene-5-oxoanisomelic acid ( 6), from the Chinese crude drug "Fáng Féng Cáordquo;, and the derivatives of the isolated compounds were tested for their growth inhibiting activities in culture of KB cell line. Besides, the effects of 1 on Ehrlich carcinoma in mice are reported.

Effect of Oriental Plant Drugs on Platelet Aggregation; III1. Effect of Chines Drug “Xiebai” on Human Platelet Aggregation

The effect of the Chinese crude drug “Xiebai” and its components on human platelet aggregation induced by 2 μM ADP was studied. From the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction giving a remarkable inhibitory effect against platelet aggregation, N-P-coumaroyltyramine ( 1) and N-TRANS-feruloyl tyramine ( 2) were isolated as the active principles. Compound 2 showed a strong inhibitory activity against both the primary and secondary wave aggregation induced by 2 μM ADP of human platelet, whereas 1 was effective only against the primary aggregation. In comparison with the above compounds cinnamic acid derivatives ( 3- 6) and tyramine ( 7) were also examined with respect to human platelet aggregation. Compounds 3 and 5 showed the inhibitory activity against both the primary and secondary wave aggregation as did as 2, while 6 inhibited only the primary aggregation, and 4 gave a lower effect. Compound 7 showed inhibition only upon the secondary aggregation.

Biologically Active Macrocyclic Diterpenoids from Chinese Drug “Fáng Féng Cáo” I. Isolation and Structure1

Three novel macrocyclic diterpepoids, 4,7-oxycycloanisomelic acid ( 4), 4-methylene-5-hydroxyovatodiolode ( 5) and 4-methylene-5-oxoanisomelic acid ( 6) were isolated from the dried whole plant of the Chinese crude drug Fang Feng Cao ( ANISOMELES INDICA, Labiatae), together with ovatodiolide ( 1), 4, 5-epoxyovatodiolide ( 2) and anisomelic acid ( 3). The structures of the novel compounds were deduced by the comparison of spectral data with those of known relative compounds. Isolated compounds were subjected to the examination of inhibitory activity of angiotensin converting enzyme, cytotoxic activity and calcium antagonistic activity.

Five glycosides from the chinese drug ‘tong-guang-san’: The stems of marsdenia tenacissima

Five new glycosides were isolated from the Chinese crude drug ‘Tong-guang-san’: the stems of Marsdenia tenacissima (Roth.) Wight et Arn. (Asclepiadaceae). The structures of tenacissosides A-E were deduced on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence as tenacigenin B-I 3- O-β- D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-3- O-methyl-6-deoxy-β- D- allopyranosyl-(1→4)-β- D-oleandropyranoside, tenacigenin B-II 3- O-β- D-glucopyranosyl-(1 →4)-3- O-methyl-6-deoxy- β- Dallopyranosyl-(1 →4)-β- D-oleandropyranoside, tenacigenin B-III 3- O-β- Dglucopyranosyl-(1→4)-3- O-methyl-6- deoxy-β- D-allopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β- D-oleandropyranoside, tenacigenin B-IV 3- O-β- D-glucopyranosyl-(1 →4)-3- O- methyl-6-deoxy-β- D-allopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β- D-oleandropyranoside and tenacigenin B-V 3- O-β- D-glucopyranosyl- (1 → 4)-3- O-methyl-6-deoxy-allopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β- D-oleandropyranoside, respectively.

Structures of Sanggenons E and P, Two New Diles-Alder Type Adducts from the Chinese Crude Drug "Sang-Bai-Pi" (Morus Root Bark)

Structures of Sanggenons E and P, Two New Diles-Alder Type Adducts from the Chinese Crude Drug "Sang-Bai-Pi" (Morus Root Bark)

Studies on the origin, processing and quality of crude drugs. II. Pharmacological evaluation of the Chinese crude drug "zhu" in experimental stomach ulcer. (2). Inhibitory effect of extract of Atractylodes lancea on gastric secretion.

In order to identify the active principles in the 50% MeOH extract of the Chinese crude drug "Chang Zhu" (consisting of Atractylodes lancea rhizome), which has a preventive activity against experimental ulcerations, the effects of the benzene, methanol and aqueous fractions from 50% MeOH extract on gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats were investigated.The terpenes, β-eudesmol and hinesol, contained in benzene fraction were found to be highly effective. β-Eudesmol markedly inhibited ulcers in Shay rats, as well as histamine- and aspirin-induced gastric ulcers, and showed anti-secretory activity on gastric acid secretion stimulated by histamine in a perfused rat stomach preparation.The anti-ulcerogenic activity of 50% MeOH extract of Atractylodes lancea rhizome might be mainly attributable to the H2-antagonistic effect of β-eudesmol.

Structure of Sanggenon O, a Natural Diels-Alder Type Adduct from Chinese Crude Drug "Sang-Bai-Pi" (Morus Root Bark)

Structure of Sanggenon O, a Natural Diels-Alder Type Adduct from Chinese Crude Drug "Sang-Bai-Pi" (Morus Root Bark)