Cognitive impairment, a key component of post-intensive care syndrome, is one of the most common complications experienced by survivors discharged from the Intensive Care Unit. Cognitive impairment has become a global public health problem, which imposes a heavy burden on families and society. It is urgent to take measures to curb its occurrence and development. And non-pharmacological interventions for cognitive impairment have a positive effect on it. Therefore, a scoping review exploring the application of non-pharmacological interventions in cognitive impairment after intensive care may contribute to the development of the field of intensive care unit cognitive impairment intervention and provide a theoretical basis for related research. To explore the types, subjects, duration, frequency and cognitive function assessment tools of non-pharmacological interventions for cognitive impairment after intensive care. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science, SinoMed, Scopus, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Wanfang Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from database inception to April 2025. The included studies discussed the types, study subjects, duration, frequency and assessment tools of non-pharmacological interventions for cognitive impairment after intensive care. This scoping review retrieved a total of 4825 relevant studies from 9 databases. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 24 studies were included in the review. The interventions were categorised into seven distinct yet often overlapping themes targeting cognitive impairment after intensive care: comprehensive care, exercise, cognitive training, virtual reality, environmental change, music therapy and ICU outpatient care. The intervention duration ranged from 5 days to 12 months, with frequencies varying from once daily to four times per week. Outcomes were measured using a battery of neurocognitive assessments. Non-pharmacological intervention strategies for cognitive impairment after intensive care are diverse but highly heterogeneous, with a wide target population coverage and a lack of standardised assessment tools. Current research in this area has several limitations, including unclear conceptual frameworks, weak evidence and limited outcome evaluation, with many studies primarily focusing on preventive interventions. In future research, remote project-based scales can be used to simplify assessments, while further improving non-pharmacological interventions for cognitive impairment after intensive care, not only limited to prevention, but also focusing on symptomatic interventions for cognitive impairment after intensive care, providing patients with lifelong care services. The significant burden of cognitive impairment after intensive care mandates its integration into standard post-ICU clinical pathways. This requires clinicians to: (1) implement systematic screening for cognitive deficits during follow-up using brief, validated tools, (2) adopt and tailor evidence-based non-pharmacological interventions, such as cognitive rehabilitation, psychoeducation and graded physical activity, as foundational components of care, and (3) foster interdisciplinary collaboration among ICU, primary care and rehabilitation teams to ensure seamless continuity. These coordinated steps are vital to alleviate the condition's impact on patient quality of life and curtail associated healthcare costs, particularly preventable readmissions.

Effectiveness of exercise interventions for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: An umbrella review.

The therapeutic potential of Dihydroartemisinin for autoimmune disease: Effects on the Th17/Treg balance.

To estimate the incidence of complications after posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation and to evaluate temporal and geographic variation in reported outcomes. PCPIOLs are widely used for refractive correction, yet uncertainty persists regarding the true frequency of mechanical, anterior-segment, and posterior-segment complications. Reliable incidence estimates are essential for patient counseling and postoperative management. This systematic review and meta-analysis included randomized and nonrandomized trials and observational studies involving adults undergoing posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation. PubMed, Scopus, WANFANG Data, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched through May 2024 without language or date restrictions. The primary outcome was the incidence of IOL explantation. Secondary outcomes included the onset of IOL rotation or displacement, anterior capsular opacification, cataract formation, iris atrophy, retinal detachment, macular oedema, pupillary block, glaucoma, pupil ovalisation, intraocular infection, endothelial failure, and iris cyst. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Incidence was modeled as events per 1,000 person-years using negative binomial regression with robust variance. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024527190). A total of 214 studies (45,027 eyes) were included, most involving the V4c model of the Implantable Collamer Lens (92.7%). Rotation or displacement occurred at 4.2 per 1,000 person-years and explantation at 3.1 per 1,000 person-years, corresponding to approximately about 2 rotated lenses and explantations per 100 eyes followed for 5 years, assuming constant hazards. Anterior segment events were less frequent, and posterior events were rare (retinal detachment, 0.4; macular edema, 0.3 per 1,000 person-years). Complication rates decreased in more recent studies and were lower in Asian cohorts. PCPIOL implantation is associated with a low incidence of complications, and vision-threatening events appear to be very rare. However, predominantly short follow-up and high risk of bias likely lead to underestimation of late events. These incidence estimates support early postoperative assessment of centration, axis alignment, and vault, and long-term endothelial and anterior segment monitoring.

Effectiveness of AI- and VR-based simulation with traditional teaching in healthcare education: A network meta-analysis.

Effect of auriculotherapy on the management of anxiety in pregnant and postpartum women in health services: Scoping review.

A comprehensive review of the classical prescription Wuwei Xiaodu Decoction: meridian tropism and traditional efficacy, phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacology and clinical applications.

Natural cadinane-type sesquiterpenoids and their bioactivity: a review (2015-2025).

Efficacy of the Socialization, Externalization, Combination, and Internalization model in clinical nursing education: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Comparison of prostate cancer detection rates between micro-ultrasound-guided and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-guided prostate biopsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Advances in the pharmacology and mechanism of anti-skin aging in Tonifying Traditional Chinese Medicines.

UNIPUS, a widely adopted learning management system (LMS) in tertiary universities in China, plays a prominent role in blended English as a foreign language (EFL) learning. However, there is a lack of critical review on how the application of UNIPUS is theoretically framed and how it contributes to the EFL teaching and learning. This study aims to critically review the existing research on the application of the LMS UNIPUS in blended EFL education. Using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) framework, it systematically analyzed 29 studies retrieved from major databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, and VIP Database. Through content analysis of the selected articles, this study focused on three key aspects: spatial and temporal dimensions, theories that framed the application of UNIPUS, and the research methodologies employed. The findings offer a bird’s view on the application of UNIPUS in EFL context. The study concludes with recommendations for future research to enhance the effective use of UNIPUS in blended EFL education.

This scoping review assesses machine learning (ML)-based prediction models for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in early childhood, with the aim of providing a technical and conceptual foundation for improving early ASD detection. Relevant studies on ML-driven ASD prediction models were systematically retrieved from eight databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical Database (CBM), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (WF), and VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database. The scoping review methodology was strictly followed for data extraction and analysis. A total of 16 studies focusing on the application of diverse machine learning algorithms for ASD identification and prediction were included. Among these, 4 studies (25%) employed multiple algorithms for predictive modeling. The most frequently utilized algorithms were tree-based methods (7 studies, 44%), neural networks (NNs) (7 studies, 44%), support vector machines (SVMs) (5 studies, 31%), and regularized logistic regression (3 studies, 19%). Twelve studies (75%) reported Area Under the Curve (AUC) values, all exceeding the 0.7 threshold. Notably, 7 studies (44%) achieved excellent predictive performance with AUC values surpassing 0.9. ML-based models hold substantial promise for the early identification of ASD, which is critical for improving patient outcomes. Future research should focus on standardizing ML model frameworks, refining theoretical underpinnings to enhance practical applicability, and promoting clinical implementation following rigorous validation. These efforts will further enhance the accuracy and utility of such predictive models.

Attitudes and perceptions of the application of large language models among health professionals: A mixed-methods systematic review.

The modernization of traditional medicine follows diverse pathways. This paper aims to provide a narrative review of the manufacturing processes, research on active ingredients, and models for the clinical use of formulated granules of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and Japanese Kampo medicines in the context of their modernization by comparing advances in research on the two and their challenges. By searching databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), this review included relevant literature published up to 2026. After screening, a total of 48 relevant articles were included in the review. In TCM, formulated granules evolved from the need to modernize herbal medicines through multi-stage extraction and granulation. This enhances convenience while preserving medicinal properties. TCM enables flexible syndrome differentiation and it is working to industrially produce and standardize herbal medicines while refining quality standards. Japanese Kampo, based on fixed classical formulations and covered by National Health Insurance, has developed a highly standardized, evidence-based model. Research in China broadly investigates numerous formulations using omics technologies to explore their material basis and network pharmacology. Research in Japan focuses on in-depth analysis of "pathways to efficacious formulations" for select classic formulations. Faced with the challenge of providing modern evidence, granules can produce real-world data on TCM. This comparative analysis offers insights into the development of quality granules and their use internationally and it explores prospects for Sino-Japanese collaboration in complementary manufacturing processes and fundamental research.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD), a common atherosclerotic condition characterised by the narrowing or obstruction of peripheral arteries, has become a substantial public health concern in China. However, its prevalence across the country at the provincial level has never been quantified. Through an updated systematic review and modelling study, we aimed to estimate the national, regional, and provincial prevalence of PAD among Chinese individuals aged 30-89 years in 2023. We conducted an updated literature search in PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and the Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database to identify studies published between 4 March 2017 and 12 August 2024 reporting on the prevalence of PAD in the general Chinese population. We also identified and included studies from previous systematic reviews. We then used a multilevel mixed-effects meta-regression model to generate the age- and sex-specific prevalence estimates of PAD among individuals aged 30-89 years at the national level. We calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) for factors associated with PAD using a random-effects meta-analysis and incorporated them into an 'associated factor-based model' to estimate regional and provincial prevalence. We included 54 articles from all searches. Model-based estimates indicated that the overall prevalence of PAD among Chinese adults aged 30-89 years in 2023 was 5.47% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.64-6.44), equivalent to 49.90 million (95% CI = 42.32-58.73) affected individuals. Prevalence increased progressively with age, ranging from 4.23% (95% CI = 3.58-5.00) among individuals aged 30-34 years to 18.37% (95% CI = 15.90-21.13) among those aged 85-89 years. The overall prevalence was higher in females (6.19%; 95% CI = 5.25-7.27) than males (4.76%; 95% CI = 4.03-5.61). Regionally, Northeast China had the highest prevalence of PAD at 5.87% (95% CI = 4.98-6.91), while Central China had the lowest at 5.26% (95% CI = 4.46-6.19). At the provincial level, the prevalence of PAD was the highest in Beijing (6.40%; 95% CI = 5.43-7.53) and lowest in Tibet (4.35%; 95% CI = 3.68-5.12). Female sex, current smoking, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke were identified as factors significantly associated with PAD. We found that PAD is prevalent in China, with pronounced age-related trends, sex differences, and regional disparities. These findings could inform targeted public health initiatives and appropriate resource allocation. PROSPERO: CRD420251118923.

Protecting traditional village buildings is a global challenge, as it relates not only to cultural identity but also to the sustainable development of rural tourism. Establishing a unified protection system has become an important objective in the field of cultural heritage. This study applies a bibliometric approach using the BERTopic model to analyze 602 academic papers published between 1999 and 2024 in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science databases. The analysis provides quantitative evidence for the integrated development of traditional building protection and rural tourism. Topic evolution analysis based on the BERTopic model reveals that research on traditional village buildings has progressed from building culture to material technology, then to function adaptation, community participation, and finally to digital transformation. This trajectory reflects a shift from static preservation to dynamic regeneration and from a focus on physical space to social relationships. Using topic similarity analysis and semantic clustering, nine original topics were consolidated into five main dimensions—building features, materials and construction, spatial and functional adaptability, building culture, and social culture—forming a five-dimensional framework for evaluating building protection. This framework has theoretical depth and potential for policy use. This study advances beyond traditional qualitative approaches by proposing a quantitative model of semantic modeling, topic evolution, and framework construction, offering structured and visualized data to support theoretical understanding and policy development in cultural heritage protection and rural tourism.

Physician burnout is a global crisis compromising healthcare sustainability and patient safety. Balint groups, a structured case-based discussion intervention focusing on the doctor-patient relationship, are increasingly used to mitigate this distress. However, existing evidence regarding their efficacy remains fragmented. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Balint groups in reducing physician burnout and improving secondary psychological outcomes, while also assessing implementation characteristics. We will search MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO and major Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and SinoMed) from inception to 31 May 2026, supplemented by grey literature and trial registries. The formal search has not yet commenced and is planned to begin on protocol publication. We will include both randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies of interventions (non-randomised trials (NRTs), including non-controlled before-after studies) that evaluate Balint groups for practising physicians. The primary outcome is the change in burnout severity, with priority given to the emotional exhaustion subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory; however, data from other validated tools, such as the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, will also be extracted and synthesised if reported. Secondary outcomes include stress and anxiety as psychological comorbidities closely associated with burnout, and job satisfaction, adherence and medical errors as its downstream occupational consequences. Two reviewers will independently screen studies, extract data and assess risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool for RCTs and the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool for NRTs. Data synthesis will be conducted separately for RCTs (between-group effects) and NRTs (within-group effects) using random-effects models. Heterogeneity will be explored via subgroup analyses (eg, career stage) and, where data permit, meta-regression. The certainty of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Ethical approval is not required as this study synthesises primary data from published research. Findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal publication and conference presentations to inform interventions for physician well-being. CRD420251142526.

Haemorrhoidal disease affects 25-40% of adults worldwide and constitutes a primary reason for outpatient colorectal consultations. Surgical management is essential for grade III-IV or treatment-refractory cases. Numerous procedures have emerged, including Milligan-Morgan open haemorrhoidectomy, Ferguson closed haemorrhoidectomy, stapled haemorrhoidopexy, Doppler-guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation, transanal haemorrhoidal dearterialisation and laser haemorrhoidoplasty. However, randomised controlled trials and conventional meta-analyses report conflicting results on efficacy, postoperative pain, recurrence rates and complications such as bleeding, stenosis and incontinence. Although network meta-analyses exist, an updated synthesis is needed because outcomes and follow-up vary across trials. This protocol aims to determine the most effective and safest haemorrhoid interventions (office-based and operative) through systematic review and network meta-analysis, providing evidence-based guidance for clinical practice and guideline development. The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, SinoMed and Wanfang databases will be searched from inception to January 2025, limited to English or Chinese publications. Randomised controlled trials evaluating haemorrhoid interventions/procedures for haemorrhoidal disease will be included, with outcomes encompassing cure rate, recurrence, complications, postoperative pain, wound-healing time, anal function and operative duration. Risk of bias will be assessed using RoB 2. Pairwise meta-analyses will be conducted in RevMan; network meta-analysis will employ Bayesian frameworks in GeMTC or R, incorporating consistency evaluation, node-splitting and surface under the cumulative ranking curve for treatment ranking. Subgroup analyses (haemorrhoid grade, follow-up duration), sensitivity analyses and publication bias assessments will be performed. Evidence certainty will be graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach and the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) framework. As only published data will be used, ethical approval is not required. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations. CRD420251053697.

Background To systematically review the incidence and risk factors of oral mucosal pressure injury in patients with oral tracheal intubation. Methods Two researchers independently searched eight databases, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Database, VIP Database and China BioMedical Literature Database (CBM) from inception to February 27th, 2026. Data analyses were performed using Stata 18.0 software. Result Twenty-four studies (9,904 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The incidence of oral mucosal pressure injury in patients undergoing oral tracheal intubation was 29%. Risk factors include higher APACHE II score[OR 1.32, 95%CI:1.19–1.50], diabetes [OR 5.31, 95%CI: 1.88–14.87], serum albumin [OR0.37,95%CI:0.2–0.68], use of anticoagulants [OR 1.68, 95%CI: 1.02–2.77], use of sedative drugs [OR 3.35, 95%CI: 2.16–5.21], use of vasoactive drugs [OR 1.55, 95%CI: 1.25–1.92], prone position ventilation [OR 3.94, 95%CI: 2.64–5.93], prolonged tracheal intubation indwelling time [OR 1.08, 95%CI: 1.05–1.12], use of hard dental pads [OR 3.22, 95%CI: 2.25–4.66], tracheal intubation model [OR 2.72, 95%CI: 1.62–4.62]. Conclusion The incidence of oral mucosal pressure injury is relatively high in patients with oral tracheal intubation, and there are many risk factors. Nursing staff should enhance their awareness of oral mucosal pressure injury in patients with oral tracheal intubation. They should accurately identify high-risk groups at an early stage based on risk factors and formulate targeted and personalized preventive measures to reduce the risk of injury. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251062658 , identifier PROSPERO (CRD420251062658).