The purpose of the research is to identify the peculiarities of chess influence among children. In the course of the study, an analysis of theoretical and methodical literature was used. Mathematical and statistic methods, sociological surveys, and observations were also used. The results of the research prove that children who play chess show significantly high results in logical processes, as well as in the ability to use the time presented rationally. Thus, it is obvious that chess has an effective influence on the development of the mental abilities of children. It can be concluded that chess teaches children to think thoroughly over each move, it teaches them to analyze their own position, it teaches them to think. People who have been taught to make each move deliberately since childhood, use this habit in other activities as well. Chess is not only an intellectual sport that gives children joy, it is also an effective means for mental development.