Childhood Research Articles

A Qualitative Study on “Fetal Alcohol Syndrome” (FAS)

This post positivist qualitative research was designed to address factors that contribute to alcohol consumption during pregnancy and the amount of information regarding fetal alcohol syndrome. For this purpose, the team has conducted face to face interactions with 45 alcoholic female participants in the urban and slum areas where the women frequently consume the alcohol on the occasion of their functions and local festivals irrespective gender in some areas Telangana state. 20 to 40% of our study sample reported having parents who had a history of alcohol abuse during their child hood and 18 to 35% had children who exhibited fetal alcohol syndromes. Suggestions for program improvement were discussed.

EFFECT OF YOGIC PRACTICES WITH AND WITHOUT WALKING ON SELECTED PSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLE AMONG WOMEN SENIOR CITIZENS

Old Age is a natural part of the life cycle. All living organism including humans undergo the process from conception to infancy, child hood puberty, maturity and senescence. Longer life means more frailty and more disability. Apart from economic problem they face in their life, the common diseases like ortho, visual, audio and mental some face grave diseases of heart, blood etc. The care of old people in a separate branch of medicine called Geriatrics and scientific study of old age and process of growing old is called Gerontology. The definition of ageing varies from society to society and has been modified considerably over time. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of Yogic practices with and without Walking on selected Psychological variable in Women senior citizens. The selected subjects 45 were randomly divided into three groups equally of which experimental Group – I underwent yogic practices with Walking, Group – II underwent yogic practices without Walking Group – II acted as Control Group. The subjects selected for this study were in the age group of above 60 years. Each group consisting of fifteen subjects, there experimental group as Group I & II and Control group as Group III. The following psychological variable was selected as dependent variables such as stress and the stress questionnaire constructed by Dr.Latha Satish (1997) consisting of 52 questions. , and the following variable was selected as independent variable as yogic practices and walking. The data collected on selected criterion variables were subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to find out any significant difference between the three groups on stress.

Evaluation of the degree of contamination of breast milk by organochlorine pesticides in the Lower Amazon region: a preliminary study

The main source of human exposure to organochlorines is through food, especially food with a high fat content, such as breast milk, which is critical for child hood development. Therefore, it is important to analyze milk and other biological matrices for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and then determine the source of the OCP contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of contamination by OCP residues and their metabolites in breast milk samples from the municipalities of Mojuí dos Campos and Belterra-Pará, Brazil. The OCPs analyzed were dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDD), aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, hexachlorocyclohexanes (α-HCH, β-HCH, lindane (γ-HCH), and δ-HCH­­), endosulfan α and β, endosulfan sulfate, heptachlor, and heptachlor epoxide. These substances were analyzed in 22 breast milk samples using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Seven were contaminated with p,p'-DDT and/or p,p'-DDE. The mean p,p'-DDT and p,p’-DDE content in the contaminated samples was 0.0022 and 0.0152 mg·kg-1 of milk, respectively. This contamination may have been due to the inadequate application of DDT until the end of the 1990s for the control of tropical diseases, including malaria. Despite being a preliminary study, the number of contaminated samples was significant, which suggests the need to expand this study to other environmental and biological matrices.

Information and Practice Regarding Complementary Feeding Among Primiparous and Multiparous Mothers in Qaladiza City / Iraq

Background: Adequate nutrition during infancy and early child hood and mother’s information and practice regarding complementary feeding are fundamentals for attaining child’s growth and development and optimum health. Complementary feeding is an additional food or drink containing nutrients, given to infants or children aged 6-23 months to meet nutritional needs other than breastmilk.
 Objectives: This study aimed to assess and compare information and practice regarding complementary feeding among primiparous and multiparous mothers
 Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 100 mothers of child age 6-23 months in Qaladiza city in 2019. A questionnaire format was prepared to obtain necessary information with face to face technique. Data were entered and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 26.
 Result: Among all of the mothers, 57% of them were multiparous. The highest age group was 26-30 by 39%. Additionally, the highest percentage of mothers 36% were at the highest education level (graduated). There were no significant association between sociodemographic characteristics with mother’s level of information and practice. Overall, 50% and 45% of the mothers were at moderate and high level of information respectively, whereas 62% and 10% of them were at moderate and high level of practice regarding complementary feeding correspondingly. Compared to 36.8% of multiparous mothers, 55.8% of primiparous mothers were at high level of information. Regarding complementary feeding practice only 2.3% of primiparous mothers were at high level compared to 15.8% of multiparous mothers. There were no statistical significant differences between them.
 Conclusion: In this study, it was attained that there was an acceptable level of information and low level of practice regarding complementary feeding among participated mothers. In addition to that, primiparous mother’s level of information was higher with a lower level of practice compared to multiparous mothers.

Potential Impact of Dietary Habits, Body Mass Index and Family Function on Early Child Hood Caries Among12to36 Month-Old Childrenin A Rural Area Of Egypt

Potential Impact of Dietary Habits, Body Mass Index and Family Function on Early Child Hood Caries Among12to36 Month-Old Childrenin A Rural Area Of Egypt

Assessment and Treatment of Childhood-Onset Conduct Disorder: A Literature Review

Introduction: Conduct disorder (CD) is among the most highly represented diagnostic issues in child psychiatry. Current research suggests that early-onset CD is predictive of a worse prognosis and trajectory than other CD subtypes if not subsequently met with appropriate psychological assessment and symptom management. This paper aims to provide an overview of the literature from 2014 to 2021 in assessment and intervention protocols that target childhood-onset type specific CD, and appraise associated barriers implicated by the findings. Methods: This review involved a thorough literature search in electronic databases to extract empirical studies directly related to childhood-onset CD. The review was performed on PsycINFO and PubMed using the following search words: “conduct disorder(s)” OR “CD” OR “conduct disordered”, AND “child(hood)-onset” OR “elementary-onset” OR “early-onset”, AND “assessment” OR “evaluation” OR “examination”, AND “intervention” OR “treatment” OR “symptom management”. Results: Based on trends, articles were sorted into three common topics: assessment, treatment, and barriers to psychological services. The studies demonstrated the importance of sensitive and specific assessment tools, neural measures, behavioural markers, and the limited prosocial emotions (LPE) specifier. The results indicated that comorbidities, tailored school- and family-based intervention, parent-child conflict, and the LPE specifier in addition to the age-of-onset subtype is an area of research for clinicians. Discussion: Research has shown that childhood-onset CD, compared to other age-of-onset subtypes, is associated with individual risk factors such as neurological and cognitive deficits, poor emotion regulation, familial maladaptive parenting styles, and evocative family instability. While research has focused on dispositional risk factors for this heterogenous disorder, it is important to shift the focus to evidence-based clinical assessment and treatment strategies tailored to the poor prognosis of this subtype. Future research should examine current assessment sensitivity and appraise key stakeholders in early identification and treatment. Conclusion: Early detection and intervention will increase the chances of a positive outcome for all parties, which includes reducing emotional strain and internalizing thoughts of caregivers and teachers and preventing antisocial personality disorder in adulthood. Normative treatment options for childhood-onset CD coincides with individual risk factors, further research will have implications in identifying and providing early care to at-risk children.

Factors Associated with the Death of Children Aged 0 to 15 Years with Bacterial Meningitis in the Pediatric Department of Donka National Hospital

Introduction: Bacterial meningitis is a serious, life-threatening infection; its diagnosis must be early and its management must be rapid. Bacteria commonly implicated in children are Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae type b. The specific etiology is a function of age, immune function, vaccination status, genetics, and geographic location. Objective: To identify the factors associated with death in children aged 0 to 15 with bacterial meningitis in the pediatric department of Donka National Hospital. Methods: Prospective, descriptive and analytical study of 6 months (April 12 to October 12, 2022) including children aged 0-15 years with bacterial meningitis confirmed by cyto-bacteriological analysis of CSF. Results: From of a total of 766 children, we collected 118 cases of bacterial meningitis, either frequency of 15.4%. The average age was 3.97 ± 4.06 years with extremes of 1 month and 15 years. The sex ratio was 1.5 in favor of boys. Altered consciousness (p < 0.001), delay in consultation > 3 days (p = 0.01), poor nutritional status (p = 0.0000063904), cloudy appearance of the CSF (p = 0.003) and presence of serious signs (p = 0.0000050753) such as shock, generalized hypertonia, signs of decortication and decerebration were poor prognostic factors. The mortality rate observed in this work was 23.7%. Conclusion: Child hood bacterial meningitis often leads to death in children admitted to the pediatric ward of Donka National Hospital. Children who received this diagnosis and who also had an alteration of consciousness a consultation delay of more than 3 days with signs of severity had an increased risk of dying.

The Success of the Ponseti Method in the Treatment of Congenital Varus Bot Foot (Cvbp) in a Low-Income Country: Preliminary Results of a 125pbve Series in 82 Patients

Summary Varus equines club foot (VEBF) is a complex, three-dimensional deformity characterized by equines and Varus of the hind foot, adduction of the forefoot and supination of the foot. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the preliminary results of the treatment of equines varus clubfoot by the Ponseti method. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study over a 3-year period (January 2015 to December 31, 2017) including 125 EVBP in 82 patients aged 0 to 6 years. Syndromic and neurogenic club foot were not included. Results: PBVE represented O, 69% of consultations, the average age of patients was 3.8 months; there were 46 boys and 36 girls. The damage was bilateral in 43 patients, tenotomy of the Achilles tendon was performed in 91.46% of the cases; the average number of casting sessions was 6.5 ± 1.54. The results were very good in 89.02% of the cases, good in 7.32% and bad in 3.36% of the cases. Conclusion: The Ponseti method (PM) is an effective and inexpensive treatment adapted to low-income countries like ours. It allows the correction of PBVE from birth to late child hood for non-stiff feet. PD has allowed a correct functional future for potentially disabled children.

Body Mass Trajectory Affects the Long-Term Occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Patients with Severe Obesity.

Independently of absolute BMI values, the amount, onset date, and duration of early body weight gain may influence cardio-metabolic health later in adulthood. Values of cardiac and metabolic variables from a cohort study of morbidly obese patients were retrospectively analyzed to study the association between early weight history and metabolic syndrome (MetS) occurrence in adults. Of 950 patients with severe morbid obesity (age 44.3 ± 13.8 y, BMI 42.5 ± 7.0 kg/m2), 31.4% had started excess weight gain in childhood (CH), 19.9% in adolescence (ADO), and 48.7% in adulthood (AD). Despite different BMI values, MetS prevalence (57.8%) was not significantly different in the three groups (54.4% CH vs. 57.7% ADO vs. 59.8% AD, p = 0.59). The overweight onset period was not significantly associated with the development of MetS in adults (ADO: OR = 1.14 [0.69-1.92], p = 0.60; AD: OR = 0.99 [0.62-1.56], p = 0.95) despite a higher BMI in the early obesity onset group. Weight gain of more than 50% after age 18 years significantly increased the risk of MetS (OR = 1.75 [1.07-2.88], p = 0.026). In addition to crude BMI values, analysis of body mass trajectories is a relevant clinical tool in the assessment of metabolic risk, suggesting that the magnitude of weight gain may be more important for metabolic syndrome progression than the period of obesity onset.

유아교사의 놀이신념과 교수창의성이 놀이교수효능감에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purposes of this study is to investigate the effect of early childhood teachers’ play beliefs and instructional creativity on their play teaching efficacy. Methods This research was conducted with 284 early childhood teachers at the early childhood educational institutions located in G City. The play beliefs scale, the instructional creativity scale, and the play teaching efficacy scale for early child hood teachers were responded by the teachers. The collected data were analyzed by using the Jamovi Statistical Program. Results First, both early childhood teachers’ play beliefs and instructional creativity showed significant correlations with their play teaching efficacy. Second, the early childhood teachers’ play beliefs explained 30% and their instructional creativity did about 52% of their play teaching efficacy. Third, based on analysis of relative effects of the teachers’ play beliefs and instructional creativity on their play teaching efficacy, the play teaching efficacy were explained 46% by cognitive instructional creativity, 7% by affective instructional creativity, and 3% by the positive play beliefs. Conclusions The instructional creativity and positive play belief were the major factors that explained the play teaching efficacy. Especially the teachers’ cognitive instructional creativity had much greater effect on their play teaching efficacy than other factors did.

유아교사의 놀이신념과 교수창의성이 놀이교수효능감에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purposes of this study is to investigate the effect of early childhood teachers’ play beliefs and instructional creativity on their play teaching efficacy. Methods This research was conducted with 284 early childhood teachers at the early childhood educational institutions located in G City. The play beliefs scale, the instructional creativity scale, and the play teaching efficacy scale for early child hood teachers were responded by the teachers. The collected data were analyzed by using the Jamovi Statistical Program. Results First, both early childhood teachers’ play beliefs and instructional creativity showed significant correlations with their play teaching efficacy. Second, the early childhood teachers’ play beliefs explained 30% and their instructional creativity did about 52% of their play teaching efficacy. Third, based on analysis of relative effects of the teachers’ play beliefs and instructional creativity on their play teaching efficacy, the play teaching efficacy were explained 46% by cognitive instructional creativity, 7% by affective instructional creativity, and 3% by the positive play beliefs. Conclusions The instructional creativity and positive play belief were the major factors that explained the play teaching efficacy. Especially the teachers’ cognitive instructional creativity had much greater effect on their play teaching efficacy than other factors did.

Parents’ Knowledge and Attitude toward Childhood Vaccination in Qassim, Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Childhood vaccination programs participate greatly in reducing the spread of vaccine preventable diseases. Beside the noticeable success of vaccination, there are still parents’ questions and hesitancy regarding childhood vaccination.
 Aims: This study evaluated the knowledge and attitude of parents in Qassim region towards childhood vaccination with the aim to measure the degree of the local community acceptance of childhood vaccination with aspiration to add an effective literature information in this field.
 Study Design: A cross sectional survey study using a Google form designed questionnaire.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Qassim in Saudi Arabia from October 2020 to December 2020.
 Methodology: We included 403 parents. The data was collected using a questionnaire divided in to three parts; socio-demographic, knowledge and attitude, and side effects. The knowledge was evaluated by seven items with answers set in to ‘Yes’, ‘No’ and ‘Don’t know’. The attitude by seven items with fixed-answers of ‘Agree’, ‘Neutral’ and ‘Disagree’. In the third part side effects like fever, pain, diarrhea, skin rash and seizures were directly asked. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis of data. 
 Results: Among 403 participants, the majority were young adult female with a bachelor degree. The parents have good levels of knowledge and attitude towards child hood vaccination and the levels are significantly differed among various demographic variables. The parents’ attitude is linearly influenced by their level of knowledge (P-value is <0.001).
 Conclusion: Beside the good parents’ knowledge that positively influenced by their attitude toward childhood vaccination with a considerable local public awareness in this field, parents recommended more awareness campaigns on vaccination’s benefits and risks.

Relationship of Demographic Characteristics, Age, Educational Qualification, Tenure in the Organization and Job Position of Employees with different dimensions of Market Orientation – A TSRTC study (Telangana State Road Transportation Corporation)

Purpose: Public transport provides one of the most important modes in fulfilling the travel needs of the society. More so in case of the developing and underdeveloped nations in the world. Bus public transport apart from rail provides very economical means to travel and hence are popular modes. This study focuses on the bus public transport and the two important employees within the organization who provide the services to the people i.e., the driver and the conductor. These two employees of the organization play a very vital role in satisfying customers and retaining their loyalty. Methodology: The study focuses on the importance of Market Orientation of these employees and how their market orientation is affected by different demographic factors. The study examines the relationship of age, educational qualification, organizational tenure and job position with different dimensions of market orientation of the employees. Findings: The lowest age group employees belong to compassionate appointment batch i.e., family member provided with job on death of employee while in service their education levels are higher than others and show more commitment towards organisation as they are a part of organisation from their child hood. The age groups (44-51, 52-59) may be classified into a disappointed group as expected benefits like salaries and retirement benefits are not being paid on time. It is also seen that the employees with different educational backgrounds do not show significant difference in intelligence dissemination, intelligence generation and responsiveness. Originality / Value: Bus transport system is an ideal for meeting the huge increasing demand for passenger transport services. Bus transport system makes the most optimum use of the available road space and fossil fuel by transporting maximum number of people per unit of road space. This is one of the first empirical studies that examined the relationship of demographic characteristics, age, education and tenure in the state road transportation corporation in Telangana state and India as well. Based on the empirical evidence, this study provides the practical and theoretical implications of these findings and will be useful to other public road transport corporations in India and other countries.

Effectiveness of Training Module on Knowledge of the Mother Regarding Child Growth Assessment

Background: Under-five children represent 12% of the general population in India. Under-five Children mortality in India is as high as 4.9% of all deaths. The first 5 years of the life in child hood have a great importance. The growth and development play a vital role during this period. Objectives: to assess the effectiveness of training module on knowledge of mothers of under- five children regarding growth assessment Method: Evaluative approach with Quasi experimental one group pretest and posttest design was used to assess the knowledge of mothers of under five children sample size was 60 mothers of under-five children in selected settings with systematic random technique was adopted to select the sample. Results: Majority of the mothers 53 (88.3%) belongs to the age group of 15-25 years. The majority of the mothers 27(45%) are having adequate knowledge and practice after administering the training module The results showed statistically significant increase in knowledge and interpretation. (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that the training module was effective in improving the knowledge of mothers Regarding Child Growth Assessment.

An unusual co-occurrence of lown-ganong-levine syndrome with neonatal focal lipomatous hypertrophy of interatrial septum with patent foramen ovale

We report an extremely rare co-occurrence of focal lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum (LHIS) with patent foramen ovale (PFO) in a neonate and electrocardiogram evidence of Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome (LGL). Although atrial arrythmias in the form of supraventricular tachycardia like atrial premature contractions, atrial fibrillation, and atrioventricular block have been described in lipomatous hypertrophy interatrial septum, co-occurrence of LGL syndrome with LHIS has not been described in literature so far. Baby presented in the cardiology outpatient department for presurgical cardiological evaluation of congenital hydrocephalus. Typically, LHIS spares fossa ovalis and affects both side of the interatrial septum making interatrial septum dumbbell shaped. There is even no literature description of focal hypertrophy of interatrial septum in early infancy and child hood including neonatal period. Our case is a unique illustration of a rare co-occurrence of LGL syndrome in focal lipomatous hypertrophy of interatrial septum in a neonate with PFO.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Childhood Behaviour Disorder Autism Among Mothers Child with Autism of Selected Developmental Centres of Agartala, Tripura, India

Abstract: Childhood Behaviour Disorder Autism is a fast growing problem worldwide according to presentscenario. 1 in 100 children in India are suffering from childhood behaviour disorder Autism. This disorder hasa drastic negative impact on the normal development of a child. Mothers are the primary care giver for theirchildren. So that a strong knowledge and attitude of mothers child with Autism is the vital factor in properguidance for behaviour management of their under developed child.Aim: The present pilot study was carried out with the aim of assessment of knowledge and attitude regardingchildhood behaviour disorder Autism among mothers child with Autism.Material and method: 50 mothers child with Autism were selected for present experimental pilot study.Purposive sampling technique, structured teaching programme, semi structured questionnaire based onknowledge and attitude were implemented. The present pilot study was carried out 6.1.2022 to 13.1.2022 in theDistrict Disability Rehabilitation Centre of Agartala.Result: pre-test knowledge of mothers about child hood behaviour disorder mean was 5.05, post-test knowledgeof mothers about child hood behaviour disorder mean was 11.75 with standard deviation 2.195,t test value18.160 and p value .000.So the result of pilot study of knowledge among mothers is significant. Pre-test positive(favourable) Attitude response mean was 10.7255, post test positive Attitude response was 13.2745, Standarddeviation of pre-test positive response 1.73296, t test value 50, df 50 and p value .000, so favourable attituderesponse is significant.Conclusion: Mothers with lower in education, non-availability of child development centres facility and financialsupport, lack of awareness regarding Autism negatively impacted the study result which significantly improvedin the end result of this experimental comparative study. Proper health education for improvement of knowledgeand attitude is an important key factor for mothers how they should treat and care their child. According to thestudy education of mothers, financial support, healthcare support are the most important factors which canimprove the knowledge and attitude of mothers.

The benefit of tympanometry for certain ear diseases

Tympanometry is an objective test measure the mobility (compliance) of the tympanic membrane as a function of applied air pressure in external canal, It is particularly useful in assessing the secretory otitis media during childhood. This is a prospective study performed at ENT department of the Basrah Teaching Hospital for the period from November / 2013 to February / 2014. The study is to assess the advantage of tympanometry as a diagnostic tool and to audit the uses of tympanometry in the ear diseases in ENT department of Basrah Teaching Hospital. The statistical calculations were carried out using chi-square test. The p value >0.05 was considered statistically insignificant. Fifty patients aged (4—84years) who were referred by otolaryngologist to our audiological unit for audiological assessment were included in the study. Out of these 50 patients (55 ears had otitis media with effusion, 12 ears had Eustachian tube dysfunction, 4 ears had barotraumas, 7 ears had acute otitis media, 4 ears had chronic suppurative otitis media, 2 ears had otosclerosis and 15 ears were normal on clinical examination). The clinical diagnoses was compared with tympanometric findings and the coincidence between two, was as follow; 80% in otitis media with effusion, 75% in barotraumas , 100% in acute otitis media. In conclusion; tympanometry is an important tool in the diagnosis of some of the ear diseases. It is not necessary to performed in every case as the clinical examination could clarify the diagnosis in most cases . Keywords: benefit , tympanometry

Alterations in physiological parameters in childhood obesity

Background: The changing lifestyle and the improved economical status have increased the prevalence of obesity among children. Since child hood obesity leads is a forerunner of obesity in adulthood, this study was aimed to assess the changes in the anthropometric and biochemical parameters in childhood obesity. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted among the children studying in the public schools which cater to the affluent segment of the population in South India. A total of 75 school children studying in 5th, 6th and 7th standards in the age group of 9-12 years, who were apparently obese, were selected. The data collection was done after obtaining the informed written concern from the Head-mistress, the parents and assent from the students. The data analysis was done.Results: It was found that the anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and lipid profile was significantly higher in obese children (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Thus this study has proved that obesity leads to metabolic derangements and morbidity. Proper screening and health education of children and parents can prevent onset lifestyle diseases and their complications.

Associated factors of newborn mothers hand hygiene in neonatal intensive care

Abstract Background Globally infectious diseases remain the leading causes of child hood mortality and morbidity accounting for 65% of all deaths in under-five children which can be prevented if proper sanitation and hygiene measure undertaken. The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated to hand hygiene of newborn mothers in NICU of Ibn Rochd teaching hospital in Casablanca (Morocco). Methods A cross-sectional study was performed from 04 January to 15 April 2021. We included Moroccan couple newborn/mother presents in NICU during the study period. We used face to face interview using close ended questionnaire. The number of time per day the mothers used soap or alcohol for hand hygiene(&amp;lt;3; 3-6; &amp;gt;6 times per day) was used to measure the variable “hand hygiene practice” The Khi2 and Kruskal-wallis tests were used to test association between hand hygiene and potential associated factors. Associated factors with p ≤ 0.05 were considered as significantly associated factors of hand washing practice. Data were analyzed using R 3.6.3. Findings We included 89 couple mother/newborn. Forty five percent practice adequate hand hygiene (washing with soap or hand rub sanitizer) between 3 and 6 times per day. Factors significantly associated with hand hygiene were: mothers' residence (rural 33.7%; urban 66.3%; p = 0,026); prenatal visit number (visits number mean: &amp;lt; 3 times =3.67; 3-6 times = 3.30; &amp;gt; 6times = 5.08; p = 0,011). Conclusions The mothers from urban residence accessing more prenatal visits practice hand hygiene more frequently than single mothers from rural residence with limited access of prenatal visits. So this study suggests the training programs to enhance mothers hand hygiene practice should prioritize the mothers from rural residence who attended less prenatal visits. Key messages We can protect the fragile hospitalized newborn from infections by cheapest gestures like hand hygiene. Hand hygiene must be continually promoted targeting all actors involved about newborn care specifically newborn mothers.

Хвороба Лайма у дитячому віці: погляд на проблему та клінічний випадок

Огляд літератури присвячений хворобі Лайма (ХЛ), яка відома також як системний кліщовий бореліоз, Лайм-бореліоз, Lyme disease. На даний час під терміном «хвороба Лайма» розуміють цілу групу етіологічно самостійних іксодових кліщових бореліозів. Виділено понад 13 геномних груп, що відносяться до комплексу Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Патогенними для людини на даний час вважають тільки три види борелій: B.burgdorferi sensu stricto, B.garinii та B.аfzelii. Від виду борелій залежить характер органних уражень у пацієнта. До захворювання на ХЛ схильні дорослі і діти шкільного віку. У дітей також виділяють три патоморфологічні стадії ХЛ. Діагностика проводиться ступенево: визначення імуноглобулінів класу М і G методом імуноферментного аналізу, при позитивному тесті — підтвердження методом імуноблоту. Описаний клінічний випадок має безперечний інтерес з точки зору пізно вставленого етіологічного діагнозу, тому що перебіг захворювання був без гострого періоду та за відсутності головної ознаки — мігруючої еритеми. Етіотропне лікування було розпочато пізно.