Charge Meter Research Articles

Inverse size-dependence of piezoelectricity in single BaTiO3 nanoparticles

The piezoelectric charge coefficients d33 of single BaTiO3 (BT) nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) that is equipped with a precise charge meter and an in-situ TEM indentation holder that enables controlled compression experiments. An exceptionally high d33 of 1775 pC/N was obtained in NPs that are smaller than the critical diameter (D; typically known as < 100 nm) that has been regarded as the lower limit to permit for ferroelectricity in BT. The mechanical conversion efficiency of piezoelectric BT nanogenerators enhanced as D of BT NPs was decreased; this result corresponds with the single-NP compression measurements of d33. This quantification of the effect of D in ferroelectric materials may guide development of efficient and high-powered nanostructured piezoelectric energy devices such as piezoelectric nanogenerators.

Measurement method of charge densities at ground level under high‐voltage direct current conductor

Ions generated by corona discharge of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines exist in the space between conductors and the ground. Electric field strength, ion current density, and space charge density are significant electromagnetic environment parameters of HVDC transmission lines. To measure the charge densities at ground level under the HVDC power lines, an aspirator-type charge meter is designed and utilised. The charge meter is calibrated in the ionised field generated by parallel metal mesh and plate. Charge densities on the ground under the unipolar HVDC conductor are measured by the calibrated devices in the laboratory. Experimental results show that reasonable agreement between measured data by the devices and the ones by field mills and ion current plates could be obtained, which establishes a foundation to research the charge characteristics of ions near the ground.

Charge meter: Easy way to measure charge and capacitance some interesting electrostatic experiments

A simple and inexpensive method of building a charge meter is discussed and as an application two experiments are suggested. A charge meter can be used for identification and measurement of charges on dielectric media such as teflon, nylon, silk and rubber balloon obtained by method of friction. Teflon and rubber balloon are found to be negatively charged while silk and nylon are found to be positively charged. A charge meter can also be used to measure capacitance of parallel plate capacitors and hence calculate dielectric constant of the medium between its plates. The values of dielectric constant of transparency plastic sheet and plain paper so obtained are 2.71 ± 0.08 and 4.8 ± 0.29. In the last part, the effective capacitance of a capacitor obtained by placing paper and transparency plastic sheet placed one above the other is shown to be equivalent to a series combination of individual paper and transparency plastic sheet capacitors. These experiments can be pedagogical tools for teaching electrostatics.

Quantum wire as a charge-qubit detector

We present a proposal for a qubit charge meter (detector) based on a linear wire of quantum dots placed between two electron reservoirs. A qubit formed by an excess electron in a double quantum dot is coupled electrostatically with a single wire site and the dynamics of this system is studied using the equation of motion for appropriate correlation functions and the evolution operator method. For the qubit-wire system, depending on the qubit position on the wire the readout current oscillates over a long time or the current oscillations decrease very rapidly. This effect cannot be explained in terms of different charges of the wire sites (the same occupancies of all sites are considered). We have found that the qubit's decoherence strongly depends on the structure of the local density of states of the site which is coupled with the qubit. Additionally, the period of the readout current oscillations changes with the wire-qubit electrostatic coupling.

Investigation of pyroelectric phenomenon in TGS single crystals – A new method using a digital pyroelectric charge meter

A new method for the precise measurements of pyroelectric effect is presented. The paper contains the design and implementation of pyroelectric charge measurement system using compensation method with digital control. The system was assembled, calibrated and used in measurements of the pyroelectric effect. Results were compared with measurements made using traditional static methods for the same samples.

An electrostatic charge meter using a microcontroller offers advanced features and easier ATEX certification

The development of a microcontroller-based electrostatic charge meter is described. The meter is of the non-contact type and provides a reading of surface voltage by integrating the current supplied to the probe head to keep it at earth potential as the instrument is brought to within a specified distance of the target. The use of a microcontroller allows the use of a small number of components and the resetting of the integrator without relays or switches as well as self-calibration and auto-ranging. The minimal use of capacitors and complete lack of inductance facilitates ATEX certification.

On-site monitoring of fish spoilage using vanadium pentoxide xerogel modified interdigitated gold electrodes

The development of a vanadium pentoxide xerogel (VXG)-based sensor for the detection of volatile inorganic (ammonia) and organic (dimethylamine, etc.) amines is described. The xerogel film was deposited on interdigitated gold electrodes by dip-coating using an aqueous solution of VXG. The morphology of the sensing layer, its interaction with ammonia, which was used as a model analyte throughout this work, as well as the regeneration of the surface of the sensor electrodes with vapors of HCl were examined with scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. Signal changes, due to changes of the RC-product of the electrochemical cell (Au-VXG-Au), as a result of its interactions with ammonia vapors, were probed with a portable, homemade charge meter, the Multipulser. Exposing the sensor electrodes to various concentrations of ammonia vapors resulted in proportional changes in the signal output. Finally, the proposed sensors were successfully used for on-site, real-time monitoring of fish spoilage in ambient conditions.

Real-time detection of single-electron tunneling using a quantum point contact

We observe individual tunnel events of a single electron between a quantum dot and a reservoir, using a nearby quantum point contact (QPC) as a charge meter. The QPC is capacitively coupled to the dot, and the QPC conductance changes by about 1% if the number of electrons on the dot changes by one. The QPC is voltage biased and the current is monitored with a current–voltage (I–V) convertor at room temperature. We can resolve tunnel events separated by only 8μs, limited by noise from the I–V convertor. Shot noise in the QPC sets a 25ns lower bound on the accessible timescales.

Contactless charging and communication for electric vehicles

Charging batteries in electric vehicles needs to cover several aspects including electrical safety, the weight of an onboard charger, different types of chargers needed by different types of batteries, low line disturbance with high efficiency, and the influence of the charging process on the lifetime of the battery. Another important problem is the communication between the vehicle and the outside world during the charging process. This article describes a system combining energy transfer and signal transmission in one unit, which is able to solve all of the above-mentioned problems. Minimal power electronic components are installed in the vehicle. The system uses contactless energy transmission employing an inductive high-frequency coupler. The charging process is monitored and controlled by an onboard charge meter, which can communicate with the converter outside the vehicle via the signal transmission included in the inductive coupler. A laboratory setup able to transfer up to 5 kW was built to demonstrate the performance of the system. The efficiency of the overall system, including all filters, converters, and rectifiers, is at a power level of 5 kW better than 92%. The used gelled lead acid battery, 35 Ah and 288 V, was made from 24 battery modules.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Some Characteristics of a Surface Charge Meter for Electrophotografic Reserches Using Electrostatic Induction.

Some Characteristics of a Surface Charge Meter for Electrophotografic Reserches Using Electrostatic Induction.

Versatile mA s meter for radiographic units

An integrating charge meter has been constructed for dual uses: to measure the mA s in the calibration of the machine and to provide a measure of the 'workload' for radiation safety purposes. The integrator consists of a current-to-frequency converter followed by a scaler. To allow for the small duty cycle of the generator during the week and the drift in the current-to-frequency, a current sensitive gate precedes the scaler. The four digit scales range from 0-999.9 mA s to 99.99 A s for a maximum current of 500 mA. A*1, *2 and 0031-9155 position is available on the mA input. The resolution is 0.1 mA s on the most sensitive range and 10 mA s on the least sensitive range.

Measurement of the Effect of Antistatic Agent through Static Charge Meter

Measurement of the Effect of Antistatic Agent through Static Charge Meter

Utilization of Peak-Reading Voltmeters and Recorders for Corona Measurement

This paper outlines techniques, developed over a number of years, for corona pulse height indication on meters and recorders. The use of (quasi-) peak-reading meters for indicating the level of the regularly occurring largest pulses in an insulation structure is discussed. The circuit combination of a loosely coupled RF transformer with a tuned Stoddart radio noise meter is shown to be a corona pulse charge meter of great versatility and high sensitivity. Examples of corona pulse recording as a function of applied power frequency voltage, time, and location are shown.

Vacuum Tube Type Static Charge Meter

Vacuum Tube Type Static Charge Meter