Characteristics Of Medium Research Articles

Density-driven free convection in heterogeneous aquifers with connectivity features

Free convection usually happens in variable-density groundwater flow systems, and it favors contaminant transport by enlarging length scales and shortening timescales compared to advection and diffusion/dispersion alone. Previous studies have demonstrated that heterogeneity with multi-variate Gaussian distribution for logarithmic permeabilities (log10k) plays an important role in the onset, growth, and/or decay of instability during the density-driven convective process. Nevertheless, the connectivity features (i.e., connected structures of extremely high/low-k values), which are common in natural aquifers, have received little attention. In this study, the classical problem of transient free convection has been modified and numerically simulated by Monte Carlo approach to investigate the effects of connectivity features in heterogeneity on the unstable convective processes. Results show that free convection is promoted by the connected high-k structures and retarded by the connected low-k structures during mainly the early-stage mass loading. The impacts of connectivity features tend to be amplified by higher variation in log10k distributions, and can be secondarily influenced by correlation lengths and anisotropy. Under the multi-variate Gaussian assumption, the existence of connected high-k structures leads to underestimation of density-driven instability, in which the risk differs based on the statistics of permeability fields, metrics of interest and timeframe. This study highlights the importance of understanding connectivity features in heterogeneous geological media when assessing density-dependent solute transport in groundwater systems.

Informal participation in digital planning: How can third parties use social media to shift power relations in planning?

In recent years, social media has become an influential tool for engaging various participants and facilitating inclusivity in digital planning. While many studies highlight local governments' use of social media for formal participation, limited research assesses its impact on power dynamics in informal participation. This study aims to fill the gap by identifying key features of social media that facilitate informal participation and applying Castells' four forms of network power to understand power dynamics among civil society, journalism, citizens, and governments in planning processes. It also develops a novel mixed-methods approach that combines social media scraping, social network analysis (SNA), semi-structured interviews, and field observation. This approach is applied to investigate the Enning Road regeneration project in Guangzhou as a case study. Analyzing data from China's Weibo, the study reveals network disputes across three dimensions: graph, community, and network statistics. Hyperlink-Induced Topic Search (HITS) and community detection results suggest that civil society and journalism have substantial networked power as they strategically utilize social media to promote collaboration, mobilize citizens, and foster communities. They also excise network-making power by switching online and offline networks, thereby transmitting online debate to a wide range of audiences and compelling local governments to shift planning priorities from demolitions to preservation.

Redox Transformations of the OX063 Radical in Biological Media: Oxidative Decay of Initial Trityl with Further Formation of Structurally-Modified TAM.

Being a low-toxic and hydrophilic representative of TAM, OX063 has shown its suitability for in-vivo and in-cell EPR experiments and design of spin labels. Using 13C labeling, we investigated the course of oxidative degradation of OX063 into quinone-methide (QM) under the influence of superoxide as well as further thiol-promoted reduction of QM into TAM radical, which formally corresponds to substitution of a carboxyl function by a hydroxyl group. We found these transformations being quantitative in model reactions mimicking specific features of biological media and confirmed the presence of these reactions in the blood and liver homogenate of mice in vitro. The emergence of the trityl with the hydroxyl group can be masked by an initial TAM in EPR spectra and may introduce distortions into EPR-derived oximetry data if they have been obtained for objects under hypoxia. 13C labeling allows one to detect its presence, considering its different hyperfine splitting constant on 13C1 (2.04 mT) as compared to OX063 (2.30 mT). The potential involvement of these reactions should be considered when using TAM in spin-labeling of biopolymers intended for subsequent EPR experiments, as well as in the successful application of TAM in experiments in vivo and in cell.

Addressing the Priority Needs of Educators in Delivering Sexuality Education to High School Students with Intellectual Disabilities

The study assessed sexuality health education management for secondary school students with intellectual disabilities in Thai specialized schools. It utilized a mixed-methods approach including a quantitative study via questionnaires and a qualitative analysis through in-depth interviews with teachers and experts. From use of the Priority Needs Index Modified (PNIModified) identification of the highest priority requirements showed that media characteristics understanding, media usage readiness, and content substance were most essential. Effective learning management requires easy-to-use media with stimulating visuals and understandable content. Teachers need expertise in media, teaching techniques, and technology. Results provide insights tailored for sexuality health education for students with intellectual disabilities.

The Role of Alkylammonium Bromides on the Surface Passivation of Stable Alcohol‐Dispersed CsPbX3 Nanocrystals and on the Stability Enhancement in Light‐Emitting Applications

AbstractThe ligand passivation is considered an attractive strategy to prepare high‐quality perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) with improved photophysical features in polar media. However, the long‐term stabilization of PNCs in these environments is still challenging, being pivotal to understanding the protection mechanism given by prominent surface ligands and avoiding material deterioration in polar solvents. In this work, how the nature of diverse alkylammonium bromides used during surface passivation influences the photophysical properties and quality of CsPbX3 PNCs fully dispersed in alcohol environments, exhibiting stability up to 10 months are investigated. By adding didodecyldimethylammonium benzyldodecyldimethylammonium and tetrabutylammonium bromides (DDAB, BDAB, and TBAB, respectively), DDAB and BDAB promote a suitable and partial surface coverage are observed, respectively, suppressing defect sites in the nanocrystals. Conversely, TBAB shows poor surface protection, decreasing the PL features of PNCs. The presence of DDAB and BDAB favors the fabrication of color converters, and efficient light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of ≈23%. Interestingly, significant device stability with BDAB capping shows an LED half‐life of 20‐fold longer than for DDAB. This contribution offers a promising approach for preparing highly luminescent and stable alcohol‐dispersed PNCs, useful for fabricating efficient optoelectronic devices.

Research on extremely low frequency electromagnetic wave model and simulation in wellbore communication

Over recent years, as digitalization and intelligence in oil wellbore have increased, so have the stricter requirements for wireless communication technology in terms of distance, accuracy, and portability. As a result, it’s necessary to rely on more advanced and efficient wireless communication technologies to meet the industry’s needs. However, traditional communication technologies such as cables and optical fibers have inherent shortcomings in construction, data interpretation, and cost. ELF electromagnetic waves are an ideal solution for communication in complex wellbore conditions due to long-distance communication and strong penetration capabilities, making it a highly effective option. Based on the theory of network splitting, this paper establishes a polygonal multiple-delays uncertainty coupled complex network model of ELF electromagnetic waves propagating through the casing in layered media and designs a controller, including expressions for the intensity of the magnetic and electric fields in different directions, and the propagation and distribution characteristics in different media. We determined that the optimal transmitting frequency of ELF electromagnetic waves under general conditions is 12.7 Hz. Based on field experiments, we verified that ELF electromagnetic waves can enable wireless wellbore communication within 1500 m without relays. We also analyzed the impact of casing thread deformation on ELF electromagnetic wave propagation due to high-temperature and high-pressure environments. We used simulation experiments to solve the distribution relationship between the electric and magnetic fields of the solenoids through casing and strata, as well as the coupling coefficients between the transmitting and receiving solenoids, and explore how different transmitting frequencies affect the efficiency of signal propagation. Both theories and experiments have verified the correctness of the model, and have also demonstrated the reliability and continuity of using ELF electromagnetic waves to achieve wireless wellbore communication, which provides a theoretical basis and feasibility for subsequent engineering applications.

Fractal study on heat transport characteristics of spherical granular porous media with rough surfaces under different saturation conditions

To explore the thermal transport characteristics of spherical media under different saturation states, the fractal model of thermal conductivity for porous media with rough surface spherical particles in saturated states and a thermal conductivity classification model in unsaturated states were established. The sensitivity fractal indicates that the thermal conductivity of spherical media is inversely proportional to the porosity, and solid matrix radius ratio, and directly proportional to the relative roughness, solid-liquid thermal conductivity ratio, and liquid saturation. Then, the proportion of thermal conductivity between the solid-phase matrix and liquid-phase pores was explored, and it was found that the thermal transport strength of spherical media mainly depends on the solid-phase matrix, and the relative roughness has a positive impact on the heat transfer of the matrix, while it has a negative impact on liquid-phase pores. Finally, the prediction results of the model are compared with the existing models and experimental data, and the accuracy and reliability of the model are verified. It shows that this new heat transfer model may better reveal the heat transfer characteristics of spherical Porous medium than the traditional model.

Diffusion of innovation, pre-registration/licence student nurses' use of social media: A reflexive thematic analysis.

To identify and report the use of social media among pre-registration (pre-licence) student nurses. A social survey was conducted in 2019 to explore student nurses' views of social media usage. Diffusion of innovation theory and social identity theory were used as the theoretical framework. A reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken of responses to an open-ended question. 351 responses were analysed. Four themes emerged: Social media as a communication tool that helps to keep in contact and communicate with friends, family, colleagues and peers; Social media and self-care including a sense of pride, boosting morale and helping to relax; Social media and learning by sharing experiences, chatting, posts and social media and professionalism, participants expressed confusion over the use of social media professionally. The diffusion of social media among UK student nurses is advancing in different aspects of UK student nurses' lives. However, the diffusion seems to slow down when it comes to the professional system. They express concerns that one social system can negatively impact another and have repercussions on a personal and/or professional level and therefore prevent UK student nurses from developing social media proficiencies. Guidance and support should be offered to UK student nurses to develop their social identity across the different systems. This diffusion can help to educate student nurses and future professionals in a globally connected world. Social media features in student nurses' personal and professional lives and presents challenges for social identity which is woven into the personal and professional personas. Nursing faculties should have social media competencies embedded into the curricula to develop and strengthen students' social and professional identities across the different systems. No Patient or Public Contribution.

Numerical study on combustion and energy efficiency characteristics of thermophotovoltaic-thermoelectric two-stage utilization system filled with porous media

Addressing the issues of low energy conversion efficiency and unstable combustion at the micro-scale resulting from significant energy loss in micro-energy systems, this paper proposes a two-stage utilization system integrating thermo-photovoltaic-thermoelectric technology filled with porous media. The research explored the impact of the placement, thickness, and porosity of porous media on both combustion and energy efficiency within a two-stage utilization system. Performance evaluation indexes such as temperature distribution, pressure drop loss, output power, and efficiency revealed the combustion characteristics of porous media at the micro-scale. The results indicate that the mean outer wall temperature of MTPV increases by 174.3 K as the porous media transitioned from a partially filled to a fully filled state. After comprehensive consideration of various factors, the optimal layout parameter for porous media is determined to be a two-stage uniform filling of porous media (SS304 with a porosity of 0.86 and a thickness of 14 mm). Consequently, the two-stage combustion system achieves an output power of 14.88 W and an energy conversion efficiency of 7.33 %.

Three-Dimensional Subsurface Pipe Network Survey and Target Identification Using Ground-Penetrating Radar: A Case Study at Jilin Jianzhu University Campus

This study focuses on the application of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in conducting field surveys and data processing at the northern campus of Jilin Jianzhu University. The research site’s geographical location and overall conditions are described. A detailed layout of the survey lines for 3D surveys is presented. The collected data undergo basic processing and interpretation, identifying multiple target bodies and their associated electromagnetic responses. Advanced analyses such as 3D imaging, common attribute analysis, and time-varying centroid frequency attribute analysis are employed to investigate underground features and potential pipe networks. The case study in this research demonstrates that the integration of 3D GPR surveys and time-varying centroid frequency analysis can effectively assess the attenuation characteristics of subsurface media and structures, thereby enhancing the overall prospecting and data interpretation capabilities of GPR.

“Metaverse” Typology Based on Affordances and Psychological Processes

The metaverse is an emerging phenomenon that lacks a widely accepted academic definition. Previous attempts have primarily focused on a technological perspective, ignoring the user perspective that is central in advertising research. However, the metaverse provides fast-changing updates and dynamic interactions, allowing users to actively engage in content creation. A typology using affordances and psychological processes as dimensions bridges the gap between media features and user outcomes, serving as an effective framework. Therefore, in this research, we conducted two studies to develop a typology of metaverse. Study 1 provides a systematic review of literature and uncovers two affordances (social connection and content generation) and three psychological processes (interactivity, motivation, and boundary alteration) to form a typology of metaverse experiences. The metaverse is further defined as “virtual generated space where users can form social connections and generate content, inducing psychological processes including interactivity, motivation, and boundary alteration.” Study 2 conducts interviews and reveals more basic constructs and processes relevant to each dimension, such as embodiment, proximity, realism, autonomy, and personalization. Considered together, this research assists in defining and categorizing existing metaverse experiences based on human-centered dimensions and points to prominent constructs in the metaverse research that are worthy of further discussion.

A social constructivist viewpoint of media effects: extending the social influence model of technology use to media effects

Abstract New media technologies are often assumed to have negative effects on user’s mental health. However, several studies found no or only small effects. Building on a social constructivist perspective on media effects, this article aims to advance the debate around media’s effect on mental health, theoretically by proposing an extension of the social influence model of technology use. Mirroring the original model’s argumentation for media characteristics, the proposed extension assumes that there is a conceptual difference between perceived and objective media use and that in addition to objective media use, also media use perceptions influence users’ mental health. Finally, it is assumed that media use perceptions are socially constructed, meaning that the social environment influences how an individual perceives their own media use. Previous research supporting the model’s assumption as well as open questions requiring more research are discussed.

Perceptions of color characteristics in new age media: Assessing the digital natives’ viewpoints

Perceptions of color characteristics in new age media: Assessing the digital natives’ viewpoints

Numerical and Experimental Approach to Evaluate Microplastic Transport in Saturated Porous Media

Under varying flow rate conditions, the transport and retention of polydisperse microplastics (MPls), with an average particle size of 16 ± 6 µm, were investigated in saturated porous media. First-order reversible and irreversible kinetic sorption models were used to describe the sorption kinetics. Sensitivity analyses provided insight into the effects of each sorption parameter. Both numerical modeling and experimental measurements were utilized to evaluate the retention rates of sand filters. The influence of flow rate on sorption was reflected in variations in the distribution coefficient (Kd), the mass transfer coefficient (β), and the irreversible sorption rate (K1). Lower flow rates were associated with higher Kd and β values, indicating increased sorption and reduced mass transfer rates. An increase in Kd resulted in a more gradual sorption process, with a decrease in peak concentration, whereas changes in β had a comparatively smaller impact on sorption rate and peak concentration. Lower K1 values were linked to higher peak concentrations and decreased retention efficiency. Numerical modeling revealed retention rates of 28 ± 1% at a flow rate of 31 mL min−1 and 17 ± 1% at 65 mL min−1. The introduction of MPls into saturated sand environments modifies the transport dynamics within the medium. Consequently, these alterations affect the hydrological characteristics of porous media, impacting groundwater quality and agricultural output. The mean absolute error (MAE) of 6% between the modeled and observed retention rates indicated a high level of accuracy. This study underscores the importance of examining retention efficiency and the accuracy of numerical models in understanding MPl transport in porous media.

The Role of Digital Literacy in Optimizing Social Media for MSMEs in the Digital Economy Era

In today's rapidly evolving digital landscape, business operators must adeptly understand and evaluate information, particularly in digital formats. Within the realm of social media, digital literacy is indispensable, enabling individuals and organizations not only to utilize these platforms but also to harness them strategically and securely. Proficiency in digital literacy, which includes a comprehensive understanding of various social media features, is crucial for SMEs striving to achieve their business objectives through social media. The impact of digital literacy on social media utilization by SMEs is profound. With robust digital literacy skills, SMEs can refine their marketing strategies, produce compelling content, manage customer interactions efficiently, and safeguard their enterprises from digital threats. Conversely, insufficient digital literacy can hinder SMEs' ability to capitalize on social media opportunities and fully realize their potential. Consequently, advancing digital literacy is vital for SMEs to remain competitive and thrive in today's digital marketplace.

Family, politics and media

Abstract In this paper, we utilise the Nineteenth Century Newspaper Corpus to examine reporting surrounding William Gladstone’s Midlothian campaign, a key point in the democratization of British politics where a politician not only communicated with ordinary people through hustings but indirectly to a wider electorate via media reporting of those hustings. With the use of social actor analysis (van Leeuwen 2008), approached through collocation, we find that a distinctive feature of media reporting was a focus on Gladstone’s family. This surprising intersection of family and electioneering reveals a powerful hierarchy of social relationships in terms of gender and seniority, which became an effective propaganda strategy as Gladstone, enabled by Liberal-supporting newspapers, utilised his family as a political tool.

Media coverage and local cooperation in immigration enforcement

ABSTRACT Public concern about immigrant criminality in the U.S. is reflected in news coverage of immigration, which tends to associate the topic with ‘illegality’ and crime. Although these media characterizations have increased in recent years as local policy action on immigration has intensified, little research has examined whether or how these two phenomena are connected. This study assesses whether local television news coverage of immigration and crime increases the likelihood of county sheriffs adopting 287(g) agreements deputizing officers to enforce immigration law. Employing fixed effect logistic regressions, this study finds that sheriffs’ departments in counties exposed to more news coverage of immigration and crime are more likely to adopt 287(g) agreements. These increases are particularly pronounced in counties with Republican sheriffs as well as areas experiencing above-average immigrant population growth, suggesting that news media may act as an external, politicizing agent that turns seemingly innocuous demographic changes into events that warrant punitive policy action. These findings position news media as an important context of immigrant reception that can trigger threatened responses in local immigration policy.

Turbulent Exchange in Unsteady Air-Sea Interaction at Small and Submesoscales

An adequate description of the interaction between the atmosphere and ocean remains one of the most important problems of modern oceanology and climatology. An extremely wide variety of physical processes occurring in the coupled layers, a large range of scales, a moving boundary, all this factors significantly complicates the creation of models that would allow calculating the physical characteristics in both media with the necessary accuracy. In this paper the temporal variability of dynamic parameters in the driving layer of the atmosphere and in the near-surface layer of the sea on small and sub-mesoscales from one to several tens of hours is considered. The collected experimental data show a very high correlation between the dynamic wind speed and turbulence intensity in the upper sea layer on all scales recorded. An important distinguishing feature of all measured physical quantities in both media is the presence of quasi-periodic oscillations with different periods. For a more accurate description of momentum and energy fluxes from the atmosphere a non-stationary model of turbulent exchange in the near-surface layer of the sea is proposed. The model takes into account quasi-periodicity in the intensity of dynamic interaction between the atmosphere and the sea at these scales. In the model we use the equations of momentum and turbulent energy balance, the system of equations is solved numerically, the calculation results are compared with other models and with experimental data. It is shown that taking into account the non-stationarity of the wind strain improves the correspondence between the calculations and the experimental data. It is noted that in the nonstationary case, the energy and momentum flux from the atmosphere and the turbulence intensity increases compared to the action of a constant average wind of the same duration. Therefore, the strong averaging often used in global models may markedly underestimate the intensity of the dynamic interaction between the atmosphere and ocean.

الإنسان وبيئة الوسيط الرقمي: تأثير مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي على طرق تفكير وتعبير الإنسان

This paper seeks, using the interpretive philosophical approach, to look into the issue of the impact of digital media on human life and ways of thinking and expression. This paper aims to analyze this issue interpretatively and link it to historical transformations in the field of media ecology in order to adopt a forward-looking view instead of a numerical analysis of the available information. The issue, as this paper sees it, lacks the philosophical dimension to discuss the characteristics of social media and link changes that these social media have brought on humans with changes that humans have brought on various concepts such as culture, thought, and society. This paper concluded that social media are a different revolution in communication media. It changed the procedures of the communication process, bringing the margin groups into the position of the elites and returning the elites to a position that is close to the position of the margin groups. The margins have become the agent that determines the ways of building new social relationships and carries out the process of transforming from traditional relationships to digital relationships. Thus, concepts change and are shaped by a different perception (the margin group). By carefully reading the characteristics of three social media (Twitter, Facebook, and WhatsApp), three common characteristics and features emerged that shaped and influenced their users: openness, permanence and continuity, and changing concepts.

Construction of Da'wah in Social Media

Advances in technology, information and communication are inevitable. The use of social media is commonplace in everyday life. Making information on social media as a reference for knowledge is something that is possible and is often found, one of which is religious knowledge. Opportunities for da'wah through social media are an alternative for da'I to mad'u. For anyone who wants to preach through social media, of course, they must know and understand the construction or concept. Da'wah construction in general includes methods, strategies and tactics or execution. Meanwhile, the construction of da'wah on social media includes instruments or tools used by understanding the characteristics of social media after that understanding and using the platform or design of social media to be used. Gayeng Santri created a new perspective in preaching through social media by popularizing KH. Ahmad Bahaudin Nursalim (Gus Baha). The da'wah strategy carried out by Santri Gayeng is to upload Gus Baha's recitation content two or even three times a day. Create click bait so that viewers are curious about the content and add keywords.