Intonational Features Research Articles

Сравнение на прозодичните особености на клитичния комплекс в съобщителни и въпросителни изречения в българския език / A Comparison of the Prosodic Features of the Clitic Cluster in Bulgarian Declarative and Interrogative Sentences

This article provides a comparison between some cases of the realization of the cli-tic cluster (the short forms of the personal pronouns in the accusative and the dative case and the forms of the verb ‘to be’ in copulative sentences and sentences where ‘to be’ is used as an auxiliary verb) in wh-questions and declarative sentences. The main goal is to study the prosodic and intonational features of these sentences from a clitic cluster’s perspective. In order to achieve this, the author uses comparison and analysis of the structures and their tonic graphs. The study focuses on examples of double realization of interrogative markers (with the addition of the question particle li) in relation to the prosodic organization. Cases of negation (with the addition of the negation particle ne) are touched upon in brief. Keywords: prosody, intonation, prosodic organization, wh-questions, clitics, clitic clusters, negation

Grundzüge der sizilianischen Prosodie

AbstractThis article is concerned with basic intonational features of Sicilian, a Romance variety spoken in Sicily in Southern Italy. While there has been some research on the intonational features of the regional variety of Italian, Sicilian intonation remains undescribed. The first part of the article provides a historic overview of the dialectal configuration of Sicilian and the Sicilian-Italian diglossia. In the subsequent section we perform an intonational analysis on a Sicilian corpus containing acoustic data of 432 utterances (216 broad focus statements and 216 information-seeking yes-no questions). Once the basic intonational features of Sicilian are described and analyzed we use the informatic tool ProDis (Elvira-García et al. 2018) for a quantitative cluster analysis in order to define geoprosodic groups within Siciliy. Finally, we carry out another cluster analysis with the aim of modelling prosodic distances between Romance varieties spoken in different areas in Italy.

Въпроси на съвременния български книжовен език и неговата история / Issues in Contemporary Standard Bulgarian and its History

Issue 3/2020 of Balgarski ezik is dedicated to the 110th anniversary of the birth of Prof. Lyubomir Andreychin. The first paper presents an overview of some of his contributions to the study of the grammatical categories of Bulgarian verbs, the advancement of orthography theory and the normativisation of Bulgarian spelling as well as to the history of Modern Standard Bulgarian. The study Konstantin Petkovich and Bulgarian Linguistics authored by Lilia Ilieva and Galina Nikodimova brings into focus Konstantin Petkovich’s views on Bulgarian language as reflected in the translator’s notes to his Russian translation of Franc Miklosič’s work Lautlehre der Bulgarischen Sprache, where he sketched the main features of the Bulgarian dialects, outlined the Bulga¬rian linguistic territory and provided comparisons between Bulgarian gram¬ma¬tical forms and forms in Modern Greek and Romanian. Nadka Nikolova’s paper titled Anastas Granitski’s Translation “On Commercial Writing” (1858): Introductory Notes deals with part of his 1858 translation of „Тръговско рѫководство“ (A Trade Guide) by Konstantinos Melas. The author emphasises the role of the translation in the reception of business correspondence models from the European Mediterranean on the Balkans and offers the hypothesis that these letters influenced the Bulgarian language on various levels: in terms of spelling and language features, genre specifics and terminology. Katya Charalozova deals with The Codification of Punctuation Norms in Spelling Dictionaries and Spelling Guides Published in the 1920s and studies the rules for the use of punctuation marks by analysing the state of the codification at the beginning of the 20th century as compared with contemporary codification. As a result, the author confirms the hypothesis about the continuity in the process of codification. Ruska Stancheva’s work Towards Normative Grammar presents differences between descriptive and normative grammar. The theoretical prerequisites of modern normative grammar and the principles on which the normative description is based are derived. Tatyana Aleksandrova and Zhaneta Zlateva explore A Fragment of the Process of Reconfiguration of Doublets in the Standard Bulgarian Language (Based on the Nouns Pozhetvovanie and Pozhertvuvanie; Samopozhertvovanie; Sebepozhertvovanie). The authors study the dynamics of codification and the factors determining the normative status of this group of nouns. In his paper on Semantic Characteristics of Christian Theological Terminology Bozhidar Pitev delves into the specific semantic nature of Christian theological terminology and proposes a classification and a theoretical and methodological model for its analysis. Hristiana Krasteva’s A Comparison of the Prosodic Features of the Clitic Cluster in Bulgarian Declarative and Interrogative Sentences studies the prosodic and intonational features of these sentences from a clitic cluster’s perspective.

The influence of social factors on the prosody of Spanish in contact with Basque

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions:The main goal of this paper is to analyse how social factors determine the degree of occurrence of intonational features of Basque in Spanish in the Basque Country (i.e. Basque Spanish).Design/methodology/approach:We concentrate on information-seeking yes/no questions. In Castilian Spanish, these end in a rising contour, whereas in Basque they end in a rising–falling contour. The data were gathered through sociolinguistic interviews with 12 speakers of Basque Spanish with different linguistic profiles: monolingual Spanish; first language Spanish–second language Basque; and L1 Basque–L2 Spanish.Data and analysis:172 information-seeking yes/no interrogatives were obtained from conversational speech. Their final intonational contours were annotated in the Spanish Tone and Break Index model of intonational analysis.Findings/conclusions:79% of all information-seeking yes/no questions had final configurations with a rising–falling circumflex contour. Only 21% had the final rising contour of Castilian Spanish. Speakers differed in their frequency of occurrence of falling contours, but the differences did not correlate with the speakers’ linguistic profile (monolingual vs bilingual). Rather, higher percentages of yes/no questions ending in a falling contour were found among speakers who had (a) a higher degree of contact with the Basque ethnolinguistic group, and (b) more positive attitudes towards the Basque language and the Basque ethnolinguistic group.Originality:Methodologically, this study is original because the intonational analysis is carried out on natural speech rather than on read or elicited speech. This study is also original from a theoretical point of view because it is the first one to underline the role that subjective factors such as linguistic attitudes play in the adoption of features of a language variety from another contact variety.Significance/implications:Our research opens up a path to continue investigating the weight of subjective social factors such as linguistic attitudes in explaining the variation in the influence of one language variety over another.

Entonación del español en contacto con el otomí de San Ildefonso Tultepec: enunciados declarativos e interrogativos absolutos

The purpose of this document is to provide an initial description of the intonation features of the Spanish language in contact with the Otomi language spoken in San Ildefonso Tultepec. The declarative and interrogative statements used by bilingual speakers are described and compared, and similarities and differences regarding the Mexican Spanish StandardVariety are traced (De-la-Mota, Martín Butragueño and Prieto, 2010). The study lies within the autosegmental (AM) metrical model and follows the considerations of the Sp-ToBI transcription system, set forth by Estebas-Vilaplana and Prieto (2008). The results show similarities among the declarative and interrogative statements used by bilingual speakers. However, there are clear differences regarding the standard variety.

Linguistic Characteristics of Narrative Text Written by Male and Female Students

Language is a reflection of speakers. A person can guess the identity such as the origin, character, or behavior of the interlocutor of the language he uses. Gender affect the use of language, both oral and written language. As an essential skill in learning English, writing involves the application of grammar and sentence pattern, vocabulary, or diction and cross cultural understanding. It can be said that writing ability is someone capability to express their idea in the form of written representation. The objective of this study is to investigate the linguistic form of narrative text written by male and female students. The data of this study will be gathered by sentences in narrative text written by male and female students of Senior High School about their experience. The use of language features proposed empty adjectives, hedge, intensifier, hypercorrect grammar super polite form, tag question and emphatic stress, even though the characteristics of color words and question intonation have not been found in the characters’ utterances. Keywords: Linguistic Characteristics, Gender, Writing, Narrative Text

THE PROSODIC PARAMETERS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF IMPERATIVES IN THE INSTITUTIONAL DISCOURSE

The article is devoted to highlighting the results of the study of prosodic parameters in the implementation of the imperatives in the texts of two types of institutional discourse, namely, lecture and preaching. Proceeding from the presence of common intentional criteria of lecture and preaching discourse (transfer of knowledge and formation of point of view / belief), these discourses are considered in the article as a special type of institutional teaching discourse with a similar compositional structure. In the implementation of the operational strategies of the lecturer and the preacher, an important role is played by the methods of stimulating the audience to communicative actions, which are carried out, in particular, by imperative utterances. The work contains a description of the results of a phonetic study of imperative utterances and their linguistic interpretation, as a result of which a systematic description of the prosodic organization of various types of imperatives used in lecture and preaching discourses is presented, the characteristic patterns of the intonation structure of the studied speech realizations are highlighted. On the basis of the conducted research, it was stated that loudness, tempo, phrasal stress and melodic contour are the main prosodic means of realizing motivation in any part of the text of a lecture or a sermon. Depending on the degree of participation of prosodic parameters in the implementation of imperatives, three main prosodic components were identified that participate in the differentiation of the type of lecture or sermon. In lecture discourse, the prosodic parameters that differentiate the classroom / online lecture are melody, stress and tempo. In preaching discourse, the main prosodic markers of the differentiation of temple / distant preaching are melody, rhythm and loudness. The audit analysis made a statement of the existence of a certain pattern in the use of imperatives, depending on the type of lecture and preaching discourses and their compositional part, and demonstrated the concentration of the largest number of differential intonation features in the introduction and the smallest - in the general main part of the texts. The main result of the audit analysis was the advancement of certain intonational parameters as informative for the implementation and differentiation of imperatives in various types of discourse.

Speech rhythm of english as L2

When speaking a foreign language (L2), non-native speakers’ (NNS) speech contains some variable degree of foreign accent (FA) that is perceivable by the native speakers (NS) of that language based on the production of phonetic gestures characteristic of their mother tongue (L1), and that differ from those of the foreign language (L2) in terms of the segmental (vowels and consonants) and prosodic (stress, rhythm and intonation) features. Causes such as neuro-plasticity and length of residence, for example, are claimed to interfere in L2 production. This work aims to analyze how L2 speech rhythm of English is produced by Brazilian Portuguese (BP) speakers and how prosodic variables such as, metric and acoustic correlates, influence FA. This research is based on Barbosa (2006) for the dynamic determination of speech rhythm in addition to Ramus et. al. (1999) and so, on the choice of metrics and segmentation procedures. As for the methods of analysis, phonetic data from twenty BP and four American speakers were collected. Next, the data were segmented into different unit procedures for the purpose of carrying out acoustic and statistical analysis. Results pointed out to a significant difference between L1 and L2 rhythms.

La entonación de los enunciados declarativos de foco amplio en el habla limeña

En esta investigación se observan las características entonativas de los enunciados declarativos de foco amplio en el habla limeña, como parte del proyecto de Prosodia Basada en el Uso (PBU) en los corpus PRESEEA (Martín Butragueño y Velásquez-Upegui, 2014). El estudio se fundamenta en los principios del Modelo Métrico Autosegmental (AM). De acuerdo con la metodología propuesta en PBU, se consideran las variaciones en la frecuencia (f0) de las sílabas del tonema. Así mismo, se estudia la declinación tonal entre el tono básico y el tono final de los enunciados. En la descripción de los datos se analiza el efecto de las variables sexo, edad y grado de instrucción, en el movimiento de la f0 en los contextos mencionados. Los resultados indican que las variables de estratificación social inciden en las variaciones de la f0 entre las sílabas prenuclear y nuclear, concretamente, las variables de sexo y edad.

Ways of development of intonational features of children of preschool age

Ways of development of intonational features of children of preschool age

«Пісня без слів» оп. 9 №3 Я. Степового: інтонаційно-інтерпретаційні особливості

Purpose of Article. The purpose of the work is to reveal the intonation and interpretive features of “Songs Without Words” op. 9 No. 3 by Yakiv Stepovyi. Methodology. The methodology of the research is based on the complex application operations of genre, stylistic, intonation and interpretive analysis. Scientific Novelty. The scientific novelty of the research is to determine the genre-style genesis of the little-known the composition, but indicative for the composerʼs style. Author describes his characteristic intonation features and properties. He pays attention to the performing technique. Conclusions. The author of the study proved that “A Song Without Words” op. 9 No. 3 by Yakiv Stepovyi continues the traditions of F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, M. Lysenko, A. Lyadov, O. Scriabin, F. Chopin. This piece is full of Ukrainian song and romance intonations. It contains allusions to the works of F. List and F. Chopin. Author introduces the intonations of lira music, folk group singing, baroque music. The composer revealed these properties of the artistic image with the help of gamma, figuration and chord technique of pianism.

Духовно-смислові та жанрово-стильові аспекти«Меси миру» К. Дженкінса

Research objective is to identify the poetic and intonational features of the “Mass of the World” by K. Jenkins in the context of the specifics of the existence of spiritual genres in the cultural and historical realities of the twentieth century. The methodology of the work is the intonation approach in musicology, successive from B. Asafiev and his followers. At the same time, historical, cultural and interdisciplinary approaches proved to be very significant for this work, allowing one to study the features of the interpretation of the mass genre in the postmodern ecumenical space of the turn of the 20–21st centuries. The scientific novelty of the work is due to the fact that it presents for the first time analytical generalizations regarding the “Mass of the World” by K. Jenkins, revealing not only the genre-style specifics of the composer’s work, but also its spiritual and semantic component, refracted in the mainstream of the “neocanon” of the 20th century mass. Conclusions. The poetry of “Mass of the World” by K. Jenkins, created at the turn of the 20–21st centuries, reflects the original symbiosis of the spiritual and musical traditions of the past and the present, East and West and genetically goes back to the pacifistecumenical concept of the “religion of the world”, appealing to the spiritual unity of mankind. The foregoing determines the multi-genre nature of the composition, formed on the basis of the interaction of the traditions of the mass and its genre modifications in the 20th century, and the requiem, which also reveals its liturgical and memorial character. The multicultural specificity of the “Mass of the World”, due to its multilingual textual basis, the range of which covers a wide range of sources from the ordinar of the mass, Bible books (Psalms, Revelation of John the Evangelist), Muslim azan and “Mahabharata” up to poetry of the twentieth century (R. Kipling, D Dryden, A. Tennyson, T. Mallory, Toge Sankiti), uniting the East and the West, is also manifested in the intonational language of the work, synthesizing cultic life and spiritual choral creative practice of the past and the present. The symbol of the latter is the old French fiction “L’homme arme”, the figurative, semantic and intonational language of which unites the entire work in affirming the relevance of the idea of a spiritually armed person.

Discourse intonation and word order in English (basing on the experimental-phonetic analyses of the discourse in English)

The article deals with the study of the importance of the intonation and the word order of discourse either in the oral or in the written discourse. The article highlights the fact that the discourse intonation and the word order are observed to be very important in the formation of the discourse. Besides, the types of the discourse have also been analyzed in the article. The special attention is drawn to the usage of the discourse intonation via intonation contours such as the melodicy, intensivity and the time parameters of the discourse intonation. The essence of the cognitive approach is to approach the text as a unit of communication, the result of speech in the hierarchy of the components of the discourse, combined with the pragmatic intention of the author within a certain communicative situation. The study of the text-generating function of prosody is related to the relationship between semantics and intonation, which is one of the current issues in the field of intonation. Until recently, the study of the semantic functions of intonation was carried out by studying the intonation structure of isolated sentences, but today researchers studying intonation are trying to study the prosodic features of discourse composed of a set of sentences. In the research work, the activity of intonation in the structure of discourse was studied from a pragmatic point of view. By the pragmatic function of intonation, we mean the movement of intonation tools in the process of integrating the meaning of a text. The main way to realize the pragmatic function of intonation is the prosodic organization of the text into units. It is noteworthy to mention that syntax is taken as a unit of text in the article. The article highlights the theoretical significance of the research. It expresses the study of the sound of the discourse. The role of prosodic means in the expression of the content (frequency, melodicy, rhythm) has been touched upon in the article as well. The scientific novelty of the article is observed in carrying out the investigation of the intonation features of discourse patterns in English on the basis of the linguistic materials relating to the very language system. Basing on the experiments of the language materials, the discourse intonation and the word order are believed to demonstrate the speakers’ moment-by-moment context-referenced choices.

РОЛЬ СЛАВІЛЬНОЇ СЕМАНТИКИ В ОБРАЗНО-СМИСЛОВІЙ ТА ІНТОНАЦІЙНІЙ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ «ПОТОПА» І. СТРАВИНСЬКОГО

Мета статті – виявлення інтонаційно-смислової специфіки відтворення образів хваління-славослів’я в концепції «Потопа» І. Стравинського. Актуальність теми визначена ключовою роллю творчої фігури І. Стравинського для культури ХХ ст. та затребуваністю його спадщини в сучасній виконавській практиці. Композитор не тільки відкрив нові горизонти в музичному мистецтві, але й узагальнив таку найважливішу якість культурної парадигми епохи, як стильове різноманіття. Твори автора, особливо пізнього періоду, та їх духовна складова і нині потребують ґрунтовного дослідження в сучасному мистецтвознавстві. Методологічна основа роботи базується на інтонаційній концепції музики в аспектах стилістичного й етимологічного аналізу, а також на міждисциплінарному й історико- культурологічному підходах, що дають змогу виявити духовні та жанрово-інтонаційні особливості трактування славільної семантики в зазначеному творі композитора. Наукова новизна. Уперше узагальнено духовно-смислову, жанрово-інтонаційну та драматургічну роль поетики Te Deum та Sanctus в композиційному цілому містеріального задуму «Потопу» І. Стравинського. Висновки. «Потоп» І. Стравинського, створений на перетині різноманітних жанрових традицій (опера, кантата, балет), які поєднані типологічними ознаками містерії («телемістерії»), символізує базові духовно-стильові настанови композитора в пізній період його творчої діяльності, зверненої до біблійної тематики. Славословні розділи «Потопу» І. Стравинського (Te Deum та Sanctus) репрезентують, з одного боку, жанрово-стильові шукання автора, що відкриває для себе інтонаційно-семантичні можливості серійної техніки, яка в загальній концепції твору стає символом «Вселенського порядку». З іншого боку, вони визначають духовно- релігійні настанови світовідчуття І. Стравинського, які засвідчують схильність митця до екуменізму в дусі традицій «Неподіленої церкви» та її східнохристиянської ґенези.

THE ROLE OF VIDEO RECORDING DURING THE INTERROGATION OF A MINOR SUSPECT

The problems of taking truthful evidence during the interrogation of minors suspect are reflected in the article. The reasons to denounce false evidence by such category of persons are considered. Attention is focused on verbal and non-verbal signs of lies in the testimony of minor interrogatet persons: changing the speed and volume of speech, murmuring, changing the tone of voice, looking away to the side, touching the face by hands, hiding hands, etc.
 It is argued the feasibility of obligatory using of video recording during the interrogation of minors since such form of fixing makes it possible to obtain not only high precision and completeness of evidence representation but help the interrogator to follow the features of facial expression, gesticulation in conjunction with their manifestation with the contents of testimony representation, intonational features, emotional coloring and so on. The video recording facilitates the improving of results of this inquisitorial act, enhancing the tactical capabilities of its undertaking. Besides this it enable to make an objective assessment of the interrogation of minors suspect.
 It is invited to make the necessary changes in CPC of Ukraine, namely: item 5 Article 224 should be amended to read «During the interrogation photo, audio or/and video recording can be used. The interrogation with the participation of minor suspect is carried out with obligatory video recording». The Article 490 should be added the requirement as follows: «During the interrogation the use of video recording is obligatory».

Hermeneutics of Hutsul Individual Violin Performance in Kosmach-Brustury Regional Tradition (as Exemplified by Ivan Sokoliuk’s Creative Work)

Research with regard to Ivan Sokoliuk's violin and performance activity, born 1944 (native of Brustury village, Kosiv district, resides in Kovalivka village, Kolomyiia district, Ivano-Frankivsk region) is aimed at revealing the peculiarities of his individual performance style. The musical environment is summarized of folk professionals representing Kosmach-Brustury musical tradition, where he grew up and developed. The ethno-educational criteria described of his father-cymbalist, according to which he taught his sons. The opinion presented on violin mastering by violin I. Sokoliuk evolving in the continuum of the following actions: search with the instrument of melody heard (1), its technical improvement (2), individual interpretation of articulatory and expressive means (3), an individual style formation during the solo and group performance (4). Interpretation provided for I. Sokoliuk’s individual style according to the following parameters: repertoire, performance aesthetics, phrasing, breath marking, ornamentation, combinatorics, improvisation, dynamics, articulation, intonation, stroke and fingering techniques, violin and hands positioning.Repertoire covers all the well-known genres of Hutsul traditional instrumental music and a significant number of borrowed multi-national and multi-regional melodies. Performance aesthetics is marked with the sound flow, which combines the complex of ornamental, stroke and sound-expressive techniques. Phrasing is due to the structuring periodicity of melodic material. Breath marking occurs predominantly in cadence parts of the form, rarely – in the middle of sentences. Ornamentation is specified by decoration of main melody’s sounds by small rhythmic figures and melismas. Melismatic groups play the role of “stresses” and accents or singing individual tones. Combinatorics associates with the left and right hands technique, embellishment and form-generating process. Improvisation is characterised by three types: regulated, free and fantasy-based level. Dynamic gradations depend on the nature of work, acoustic conditions and music-making form. Articulation – legato and non-legato – is characterized by a coherent transition from a note to note and “pronunciation” clarity of ornamentation. Stroke technique is represented by alternating legato, “folk” detache, accentuation and individual sounds marking. Fingering technique determined by the desire to minimize the movement of comfortably grouped fingers on the fingerboard and under position changing conditions. Intonation associated with the scale structurization of musical piece, variability of its tuning inclinations, individual features of intonation “feeling”. Hands positioning implies their natural position during performance due to individual violinist style requirements.

ІНТОНАЦІЙНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОЧИТАННЯ ПОЕЗІЙ ЛЕСІ УКРАЇНКИ В ХОРОВИХ ТВОРАХ МИКОЛИ ЛАСТОВЕЦЬКОГО

Lesya Ukrayinka belongs to the gold triad of thinkers: Shevchenko-Franco-Lesya- Ukrayinka - to the number of “chosen” that laid a way the labour not only for our people but also many people of the world.The phenomenon of Lesya Ukrayinka already over a century brings over to itself attention of artists and scientists of various industries. In a very generous amount the published labours of specialists are with literary criticism and musicology, the vital and creative way of poetess, form and structural elements of her poetries, idea and offenses incarnate in verses and poems, was investigated in that; music was analysed on the verse of Lesya Ukrayinka – from romances and choral miniatures to operas and ballets.Richness of her soul, incarnate in work, we will cognize not another decade, opening all new and new horizons.Work of Lesya Ukrayinka became an emotional impulse for creation of music on her words. Already greater century of Lesya works are sung by soloists, ensembles, choral collectives. Inexhaustibility of source of super-power energy of her songs is reason of creation of all new and new compositions. Among works of many modern Ukrainian composers on the words of Lesya Ukrayinka the special place is occupied by choral works of Mykola Lastovetskiy. Hardly, there will be an author that would write the greater amount of choral music on the words of Lesia Ukrainka in the modern Ukrainian musical culture. In 2016 the book “Melody of sorrow and hopes” came into in Drohobych world that contains a cycle from twelve works for woman choir that is written on a verse from the cycle of poetries of “Melodys”. In 2018 the new woman choral works of М. Lastovetskiy are first published on the words of Lesya Ukrayinka in collection “Contra spem spero!”. The collection was entered by fourteen independent compositions and choral concert in three parts “Tears-pearls”.In the article on the basis of analysis of literary and musical facilities of expression the intonation features of works of Mykola Lastovetskiy are shown at the words of Lesya Ukrayinka “I look at light stars” and “The Predawn Light”. The intonation features of poetries of Lesya Ukrayinka, that became basis for writing with the composer of choral works, are analysed.

The Interaction of Poetic Text and Music in Opus 49 by J. Brahms

The Interaction of Poetic Text and Music in Opus 49 by J. Brahms

Principles of interpreting P. Tychyna’s poetry in the vocal cycle “Enharmonic” by L. Dychko

Principles of interpreting P. Tychyna’s poetry in the vocal cycle “Enharmonic” by L. Dychko

The embodiment of the prose libretto in opera genre (on the example of the works by M. Mussorgsky, D. Shostakovich, S. Prokofi ev and G. Shantyr)

The embodiment of the prose libretto in opera genre (on the example of the works by M. Mussorgsky, D. Shostakovich, S. Prokofi ev and G. Shantyr)