Diesel Engine Characteristics Research Articles

Impact of nano cerium oxide addition with pyrolysis waste plastic oil on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of CRDI diesel engine

Abstract This investigation examined the effect of incorporating cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticle into diesel and waste plastic oil (WPO) blends on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the diesel engine. The WPO was extracted from low density polyethylene using plastic pyrolysis. The blending of diesel and WPO with combination of D70:WPO30 and D50:WPO50 was prepared to evaluate the engine operation. Additionally, the spherical sized CeO2 with 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L was added with this blend. The various blends named as Diesel, D-WPO30, D-WPO30+Ce50, D-WPO30+Ce100, D-WPO50, D-WPO50+Ce50 and D-WPO50+Ce100 were used in this investigation to operate the engine under various load conditions. The experiment was performed using water cooled common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine with prepared D-WPO blend. Different characteristics such as In-cylinder pressure (CP), heat release rate (HRR), ignition delay time (IDT), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and smoke opacity emission are studied with respect to the effect of different blends and applied load used. It was observed that increasing of CeO2 nanoparticles in blend improved the overall performance and emission of the engine. Form the results, D-WPO30+Ce100 blend showed enhanced brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust has temperature (EGT) are 28.2%, 3% and 465oC respectively. Similarly, reduced emission of CO, NOx, HC and smoke opacity was observed in the CeO2 added blends particularly at 100 mg/L. It was concluded that among all blends prepared, the D70:WPO30 with 100 mg/L of CeO2 showed improved combustion, performance and emission characteristics in proposed diesel engine.

Investigation on CuO nanoparticle enhanced mahua biodiesel/diesel fuelled CI engine combustion for improved performance and emission abetted by response surface methodology

In this study, the characteristics of diesel engines were tested with in-house produced mahua biodiesel blended with diesel and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NP) catalyst. The preliminary investigation used mahua biodiesel-diesel blends (M10, M20, and M30) among them M20 outperformed. Further M20 and CuO NP with concentrations of 25, 50, and 75 ppm are studied. Finally, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the appropriate NP concentration for M20. The findings showed that the blend of M20 with 60 ppm NP at 80% load had the highest desirability (0.9740), and the developed RSM model predicted engine responses with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3.0962% to the confirmation test confirming the model’s accuracy. The optimized M20NP60 blend demonstrated superior combustion, performance and emission characteristics.

An experimental investigation on the performance of a single cylinder diesel engine at various partial loads

This study investigates various partial load characteristics of a diesel engine, including brake specific fuel consumption, torque, and power, to get insight into these performances in practice. Firstly, these characteristics were experimentally examined with approximate 25, 50, 75, and 85% fuel rack settings at 900 to 2400 rpm engine speeds. Then, more operating modes were investigated to build characteristics corresponding to constant fuel quantity per engine cycle. The results indicate that the practical partial load characteristics significantly differ from the theory of full-load characteristics since the fuel quantity per cycle varies even though the rack is fixed. Especially at low loads, the fuel quantity per cycle increases enormously with engine speed due to the significant influence of pressure waves. Hence, torque and power increase continuously, making it challenging to control the engine operation. In contrast, because the reduction in fuel viscosity and pump efficiency balances the pressure wave effects at high loads, fuel quantity per cycle remains relatively constant, making the characteristics more similar to the theory. Besides, if fuel quantity per cycle is kept constant, the trends in partial load curves follow the theory, which can be approximately predicted. These findings reveal that considering fuel quantity per cycle is significant when studying diesel engine partial loads, notably at low loads. The study contributes a vital basis for further investigating and modeling the partial characteristics of diesel engines. Also, it is a crucial reference for estimating the suitable working conditions of engine-driven systems in practice.

Impact on Green Synthesised Al2O3 Nanoparticles on Performance and Emission Properties as Biodiesel operated diesel engine

<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;">Global warming and pollution are two of the numerous causes of environmental issues due to industrial wastes and greenhouse gases. As a result, efforts are being made to limit emissions in order to mitigate these issues and reduce pollution. Given that fuel supplies are running low, biodiesel is one of the best alternatives to diesel fuel. One of the main obstacles to biodiesel's commercialization is its higher cost than diesel. One of the more superior substitute fuels for diesel is biodiesel, which is a fuel with great potential. When combined with 20% commercial diesel (B20), the resulting biodiesel is known as Pongamia. Improving engine performance and combustion characteristics while decreasing atmospheric NOX, CO, and HC exhaust emissions are the primary goals of this research. In comparison to neat diesel, BSFC and BTE were found to have increased by 12.27% and 15.34% respectively, while NOx, CO, and HC concentrations were decreased by 15.46%, 54%, 7.30%, and 25.67% respectively. Biodiesel mixed with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nano additive significantly improves the performance and combustion characteristics of diesel engines.</span></p>

Impacts of novel calotropis gigantea seed biodiesel usage as a fuel substitute along with various metal-oxide nanoparticles on the DICI engine characteristics

Calotropis gigantea, commonly known as Indian milkweed, is a prevalent plant in Asia. It typically thrives in open and unused areas, often considered a weed. This plant produces flowers and fruits consistently throughout the year, exhibiting a continuous flowering and fruiting cycle. This research investigated the viability of Calotropis gigantea seed oil as a potential source intended for biodiesel manufacturing. The oil was obtained from Calotropis gigantea seeds using hexane extraction in the Soxhlet apparatus. The seeds were determined to contain 33.3 wt% of oil content. The process of biodiesel production involved conducting a transesterification reaction. Further, the produced biodiesel was blended with pure diesel and three different nanoparticles, Titanium dioxide (TiO2), Chromium oxide (Cr2O3), and Silicon dioxide (SiO2), to evaluate combustion performance, and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine under various load conditions. Incorporating Cr2O3 nanoparticles into the CGSB20 biodiesel blend yielded significant improvements in BTE, coupled with BSFC reduction. Specifically, in the CGSB20 + Cr2O3 fuel mixture, BTE increased notably by 31.2 %, reaching a value of 0.33 g/kWh for BSFC. Similarly, for the CGSB20 + SiO2 and CGSB20 + TiO2 blends, BTE experienced enhancements of 29.2 % and 28.1 %, respectively, while BSFC values were lowered to 0.37 and 0.4 g/kWh. Furthermore, the unchanging dispersal of nanoparticles within the CGSB20 blend exhibited extraordinary cylinder pressure and HRR values, reaching 77 bar and 34.2 J/CA, respectively. The CGSB20+ Cr2O3 blend yielded favorable emissions outcomes. Specifically, CO, NOx, UHC, and smoke emissions were approximately 4.5 g/kWh, 725 ppm, 0.11 g/kWh, and 23.6 %, respectively.

Application of acetylene in multi-cylinder low heat rejection diesel engine fueled with ternary blend

The depletion of fossil fuels and environmental degradation have driven researchers worldwide to seek suitable alternative fuels for diesel engines. Internal combustion engines typically emit carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke, contributing to environmental pollution. To address this issue, petroleum fuels can be substituted with alternative options like acetylene gas, hydrogen, CNG, or LPG. One effective strategy is to incorporate renewable fuels into diesel engines by partially or fully replacing diesel in a dual fuel mode (DFM). This research focuses on alternative renewable fuels for diesel engines like biodiesel and alcohol and its blends. The current research investigates the engine characteristics of diesel engines fueled with ternary blend (TB) fuel and different flow rates of acetylene in DFM. TB fuel was prepared using 70 % diesel, 20 % waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCOB), and 10 % methanol by volume. The induction of acetylene at different flow rates, such as 2, 4, and 6 lpm. Waste cooking oil is used to prepare biodiesel by transesterification. Partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) is used to coat the cylinder head, piston crown, inlet, and exhaust valves with a thickness of 0.5 mm. The HC, CO, and smoke emissions are decreased by about 35.7 %, 29.8 %, and 21.6 %, respectively, for TB fuel with acetylene at 6 lpm at full load condition. The high calorific value of acetylene gas raised the in-cylinder temperature, significantly accelerating the combustion process. The heat release rate (HRR) and cylinder pressure are increased by 9.8 % and 6.8 %, respectively, at TB fuel with 6 lpm of acetylene induction. Acetylene induces rapid fuel combustion, resulting in increased energy transfer. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is improved by about 10.3 % for TB fuel with acetylene at 6 lpm and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) increased to 461oC at full load condition.

Effect of hybrid nanoparticles dispersed ternary fuel blend on diesel engine performance and emissions: Experimental and Taguchi-Grey relation study

The present study deals with the influence of hybrid nanoparticles dispersed in ternary fuel mixtures on the evaluation of the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine. The fuel blend consists of 70% diesel, 20% Madhuca longifolia biodiesel, and 10% ethanol (by volume). The hybrid nanoparticles of ferric chloride (FeCl3) and graphene nanoparticles were then added to this ternary fuel mixture in different proportions, namely 50 mg/L and 75 mg/L, together with the surfactant and the dispersant in a ratio of 1:1. Moreover, the experiments were conducted on a diesel engine to evaluate the performance and emission parameters by varying different fuel samples, different loads (3, 6, 9, and 12 kgf) and injection pressures (i.e. 200, 225,and 250 bar). In addition, the Taguchi-Grey relation analysis was used for optimization, and the input parameters are fuel samples, loads and injection pressures. Experimental performance metrics, including brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE), were improved when hybrid nanoparticles were added to the ternary fuel blend compared to diesel. At the same time, smoke opacity, nitrogen oxides (NOx), unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were reduced. Increasing the injection pressure also led to positive results, apart from NOx. Both performance and emissions were better for hybrid nanofuel based on surfactants and dispersants than for the base fuel, and it performed better of all dispersant-added nanofuels. The better results were obtained with D70B20E10NPs75QPAN75 mg/L than with the other fuel samples. The maximum BTE and lowest BSFC are 33.26% and 0.206 kg/kWh, while the minimized CO, UHC, NOx and smoke values at full load are 0.019%, 21 ppm, 833 ppm and 36.25%, respectively, at full load and injection pressure of 250 bar. By combining experimental investigations with the Taguchi -Grey method, a comprehensive and rapid assessment of the effects on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines was achieved.

An experimental investigation of the impacts of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and ethanol on performance and emission characteristics on diesel engines run with castor Biodiesel ethanol blended fuel

Investigating the impact of ethanol and TiO2 on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines running on a blend of ethanol and castor biodiesel is the primary goal of this study. The nanoparticles of ethanol, biodiesel, and TiO2 diesel fuel were combined at several concentrations. Diesel, B10, B20, B30, B10E10T, B20E10T, B30E10T, B10E20T, B20E20T, and B30E20T were among the various fuels that were investigated. The physiochemical properties of all the sample fuels were assessed, including density, pour point, cloud point, fire point, flash point, and kinematic viscosity. Following this, other engine performance indicators, such as torque, power, and fuel-consumption, were examined. Studies were also carried out on the properties of emissions, including CO, CO2, HC, and NO. Peak braking power and engine torque were found for each fuel under investigation at around 2750 and 2500 rpm, respectively. The addition reduced the brake-specific fuel consumption for B10E20T by 7.41 % while increasing the braking engine's torque and power by 8.64 and 3.86 %, respectively, in compared to blends without the TiO2 additions. When compared to diesel, the exhaust emission data without the addition of TiO2 revealed a decrease in CO and HC emissions but an increase in CO2 and NO emissions. On the other hand, using ethanol blend reduced NO emissions. According to the overall findings, diesel engine performance, combustion characteristics, and exhaust gas emissions were enhanced averagely by 7.43 % when a certain ratio of ethanol, biodiesel, and TiO2 additives (B10E20 + 50 ppm) was used.

Experimental study on emissions and particulate characteristics of diesel engine fueled with plastic waste oil, acetone-butanol-ethanol and diesel blends

Plastic waste poses a significant environmental challenge due to its non-biodegradable nature and accumulation in landfills. Converting plastic waste into usable fuel could offer a promising solution for mitigating these issues while addressing the emission-related challenges of diesel engines. This study investigates the impact of plastic waste oil (WPO) obtained through pretreatment and catalytic pyrolysis, blended with acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) and diesel fuel, on diesel engine. The aim was to evaluate how these blends affect gaseous emissions, organic compounds, and particle-bound carbon, focusing on their potential to reduce harmful pollutants compared to pure diesel fuel. The results indicated that the ABE5W15D blend significantly reduced smoke and CO emissions by 35.7 % and 17.43 %, respectively, with a slight decrease in HC emissions. However, the ABE20W blend showed elevated NOx levels due to higher ignition delay and increased cylinder pressure. Compared to pure diesel (D100), ABE10W10D and ABE5W15D blends reduced total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emissions by 26.8 % and 37.4 %, respectively. Naphthalene was the dominant PAH, remarkably increasing with W20D use, while longer-chain alkanes associated with lubricant oil had higher W20D emissions. The ABE5W15D blend notably reduced organic carbon (OC) emissions by approximately 38.26 % compared to D100. ABE20D exhibited lower elemental carbon (EC) emissions than D100, although it had higher EC than OC. The W20D blend resulted in larger particle diameters, whereas ABE10W10D showed lower particle counts in the 7–15 nm range. In conclusion, blending plastic waste oil with ABE and diesel fuel can effectively mitigate certain pollutants, depending on the blend composition.

MODELING OF MIXTURE FORMATION IN A TWO-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE

The Ukrainian engine industry played a significant role in the creation, production, and improvement of the efficiency of two-stroke diesel engines with opposed mooved pistons and providing them with the highest indicators of liter and overall power. The results of research carried out at the department of engines and hybrid power plants of NTU "KhPI" reveal existing reserves for further improvement, ensuring world-class indicators and forming promising characteristics of two-stroke diesel engines of the 6DN12/2x12 series. Further developments to ensure a new level of power cannot be implemented exclusively by updating auxiliary units and systems. To create a promising power plant, the problem must be considered in a complex with an understanding of the physical and chemical processes in the engine cylinder. The two-stroke cycle and design features limit the possibilities of conducting experimental studies of engines of this type, and make it necessary to determine reserves for increasing their efficiency. In this case, the dissemination of ideas about the course of mixture formation processes in a two-stroke engine with lateral fuel injection becomes an urgent scientific and practical task. Solving this problem makes it possible to determine the reserves of increasing combustion efficiency in engines with reciprocating movement of pistons. Based on the results of the research, a mathematical model is proposed that allows us to determine the most rational ways of organizing mixture formation, provided the conditions of uniform distribution of fuel in the volume of the combustion chamber are ensured. The obtained results of the calculated studies are the basis for the development of structural elements, further experimental studies and the implementation of measures to ensure the further improvement of the mixing efficiency of two-stroke diesel engines of the 6DN12/2x12 series and their modifications.

Assessing performance variability in a dual-fuel diesel engine using diesel and biogas: an experimental study across different compression ratios

The increasing concerns about energy security and environmental sustainability have intensified the search for alternative fuels. This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a dual-fuel diesel engine utilizing purified biogas and diesel across various compression ratios. A single-cylinder, direct-injection, water-cooled, variable compression ratio diesel engine was adapted to operate in dual-fuel mode, running experiments at compression ratios of 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 with a constant injection timing of 23° before top dead center under different load conditions. The study reveals a peak brake thermal efficiency of 33.25% at a compression ratio of 20, demonstrating the potential of biogas as a viable alternative fuel. Notably, while carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions decreased with higher compression ratios, nitrogen oxide emissions increased, highlighting a trade-off in emission characteristics. This work contributes to the understanding of biogas utilization in diesel engines, offering insights into optimizing engine performance and emissions through compression ratio adjustments. The findings can inform future developments in sustainable energy solutions.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engines Using Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil with Cetane Number Improver

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engines Using Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil with Cetane Number Improver

Investigation of the operating characteristics of diesel engines with chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticles dispersed in Mesua ferrea biodiesel: an experimental and predictive approach using ANNs and RSM

Abstract This study investigates the effects of using biodiesel from Mesua ferrea (BD20) and chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticles in diesel engines. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed to make precise predictions of the operating parameters. The amount of Cr2O3 nanoparticles was set at 80 mg/L, and surfactant and dispersant were applied to the nanoparticles in the same amounts. The study was carried out with different compression ratios and load conditions. The parameters evaluated were engine load, fuel samples and compression ratio as inputs and BTE, BSFC, CP, NHRR, CO, UHC, NO x and smoke opacity as outputs. The addition of the QPAN80 additive at the same dosage of 80 mg/L together with the BD20 fuel blend containing Cr2O3 at a concentration of 80 mg/L resulted in a significant increase in BTE by 16.58 % and a reduction in BSFC by 0.58 %. While the NHRR increased by 85.40 %, the CP increased sharply by 24.47 %. The CO concentration decreased by 31.85 %, the UHC concentration by 22.22 %, the NO x concentration by 6.16 % and the smoke emission by 62.61 %. For each output parameter, the correlation coefficient (R 2), calculated using ANNs and RSM was between 0.96 and 0.98. The observed range of values demonstrates a robust correlation between the experimental data and the predicted outcomes.

Evaluation of engine characteristics of diesel engines fuelled with MWCNT nano additive doped hemp biodiesel blends

Evaluation of engine characteristics of diesel engines fuelled with MWCNT nano additive doped hemp biodiesel blends

Environmental Exhaust Emissions reduction and Performance Improvement Analysis of biodiesel operated Diesel Engine Performance Using Operating Parameters

<p style="margin-top:3px; margin-bottom:3px; text-align:justify; text-indent:31.5pt">The present investigation aims to study the performance and emission characteristics of a CI DI diesel engine using biodiesel blends derived from Jatropha seed feedstock. Four blends, namely B25, B50, B75, and B100, are employed as fuels to run the diesel engine at a rated speed of 1500 rpm, and their performance and emission characteristics are determined under different operating conditions in the first phase. The blend B25 of JME is found to be the optimum blend, and the optimum compression ratio is found to be 18.5.The optimum blend exhibits better performance in terms of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTHE), along with a decline in the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC), except for the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOX) at the optimum compression ratio of 18.5. At maximum load, with a compression ratio of 18.5, the optimum blend results in better BSFC and BTHE, which are 0.255 kg/kW-hr and 31.87%, respectively.</p>

Performance and Emission Characteristics of a High-Speed Diesel Engine Using a 20% Palm Oil Ester and Ethyl Alcohol Blend

Performance and Emission Characteristics of a High-Speed Diesel Engine Using a 20% Palm Oil Ester and Ethyl Alcohol Blend

Biodiesel production from spent coffee grounds utilizing pomegranate/orange peel biochar as a green and renewable nanocatalyst: Compression ignition engine performance and emission

In this research, a novel pomegranate/orange peel-derived activated carbon (POPAC) green heterogeneous nanocatalyst was developed for the conversion of spent coffee grounds oil (SCGO) into biodiesel by ultrasonication and its application in diesel engine characteristics. The surface and texture attributes of the POPAC green nanocatalyst were scrutinized employing SEM, EDX, CO2-TPD, XRD, TEM, FTIR, Raman, and BET. Based on the response surface methodology (RSM) outcomes, the highest biodiesel efficiency employing POPAC green nanocatalysts was 95.24 %, which was attained at optimal conditions (i.e., molar proportion of 11.02, nanocatalyst content of 2.56 wt%, ultrasonic time of 30.77 min, and temperature of 60 0C). Moreover, the stability assessment demonstrated the high reusability of POPAC green nanocatalysts, with biodiesel efficiency remaining at 87.43 % even after the 7th round. Further, the kinetic survey exhibited that the biodiesel synthesis is endothermic and the conversion rate is enhanced by boosting the temperature. Besides, the impact of merging biodiesel with the diesel/biodiesel combination at diverse torques was scrutinized on the emission of exhaust output (e.g., UHC, NOx, CO, and CO2) and engine crucial characteristics (i.e., BP, EGT, BTE, and BSFC), and encouraging results were acquired. Briefly, due to special attributes including high catalytic performance, substantial recyclability, and eco-friendliness, POPAC green nanocatalyst are highly suggested for biodiesel generation.

Theoretical and experimental study of unsteady behavior of marine diesel engine under fluctuating back pressure condition

In order to meet the increasingly urgent emission reduction requirements, underwater exhaust has emerged as a promising technology for marine diesel engines and has received widespread attention in recent years. However, under fluctuating high back pressure conditions, the diesel engine as a whole operates in an unsteady state, with significant fluctuations in output power and exhaust temperature, posing a serious threat to their stability and safety. This paper focuses on the unsteady operating characteristics of diesel engines and its impact on the engine output power, efficiency and safety under fluctuating high back pressure conditions. Firstly, based on model order reduction and the first Lyapunov approximation theorem, the theoretical derivation reveals that the filling and emptying effects in the intake and exhaust pipes and the shaft moment of inertia of the turbocharger are the main causes of the unsteady of the engine under fluctuating high back pressure conditions. The factors influencing the strength of engine unsteadiness, including wave period, wave amplitude, mean back pressure and engine properties, are identified. Then, diesel engine experiments under different fluctuating high back pressure conditions are performed and the conclusions derived from the theoretical analysis are validated through experiments. Based on the research results mentioned above, this paper proposes a criterion to determine the unsteadiness of diesel engines. Through comparison with experimental data, it is found that this criterion effectively reflects the strength of engine unsteadiness, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9169 with the unsteady parameter.

A comprehensive assessment over the environmental impact and combustion efficiency of using ammonia/ hydrogen/diesel blends in a diesel engine

To reduce the dependence on traditional fossil fuels and promote low-carbon emissions, this article takes a four-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine as the research object and constructs a simulation model. It mainly simulates and studies the effects of different ammonia energy substitution rates (AESR) and hydrogen energy substitution rates (HESR) on the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engines. Under the full load condition, the AESR was simulated within the range of 10 %–50 %. Subsequently, HESR of 0, 2 %, 4 %, 6 %, 8 % at AESR of 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, and 50 % are set for further study. The research results indicate that with the increase of AESR, the combustion performance of the engine is improved. The emissions of NOx, CO2, and soot are reduced, but the emissions of unburned ammonia are significantly increased. Adding hydrogen to ammonia-diesel blended fuel can effectively reduce unburned ammonia emissions. Based on the comprehensive analysis results, it is more appropriate to choose a HESR of 4 % when the AESR is 10 %.

Extraction and characterization of Cucumis melon seeds (Muskmelon seed oil) biodiesel and studying its blends impact on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics in an internal combustion engine

This study examines the performance, combustion, and emissions characteristics of a single-cylinder internal combustion diesel engine when fueled with a blend of diesel and biodiesel derived from muskmelon seeds. The kinematic viscosity of the extracted muskmelon seed oil was 6.1 cSt at 40 °C, which is higher than the kinematic viscosity of petroleum diesel of 2.6 cSt. Muskmelon biodiesel was further analyzed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-voltage separator tests. A comparison of the fuel properties of muskmelon biodiesel with conventional diesel fuel revealed that muskmelon biodiesel could be used alone or in a diesel–biodiesel blend to fuel compression diesel engines. In this study, muskmelon seed biodiesel was blended with diesel fuel at proportions of 10 %, 20 %, and 50 % (BD10, BD20, and BD50, respectively). At a relatively low rotational speed of 1200 rpm, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of the engine operated with BD10 and BD20 blends were 36.1 % and 36.0 %, respectively, while the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of the two blends were 0.260 kg/kWh, and 0.262 kg/kWh, respectively. These values closely resemble those typically observed in diesel fuel engines. Indeed, the average BTE of the BD20 blend was only 3.24 % less than the average BTE of diesel fuel. Diesel fuel generates less NOx and SO2 emissions compared to biodiesel blends: BD100 emitted the most NOx pollution of all fuels tested. In addition, BD10 released significantly more SO2 emissions compared to the other fuels tested. However, the BD20 blend outperformed all other blends in terms of CO, NOx, and SO2 emissions at high engine speeds. The only exception was H2S emissions, which were higher than BD50 and BD100. BD20 also exhibited significantly reduced CO emissions compared to diesel fuel, while BD10 emitted significantly more CO emissions than the other biodiesel blends. Our findings revealed that BD20 exhibited the best engine performance and lower emissions among all fuels tested. In other words, BD20 is the ideal fuel blend for use in diesel engines and does not require any alterations to the engine. Muskmelon waste seeds represent a non-edible waste stream that can be exploited in the production of biodiesel fuel, allowing for the upcycling of a potentially problematic thermochemical conversion feedstock. This potentially valuable use for waste muskmelon seeds in the energy sector could address the wastefulness associated with this particular waste stream.