Change In Total Volume Research Articles

Changes in renal volume post Percutaneous nephrolithotomy based on ultrasonography and its correlation with glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is considered to be the gold standard management for renal calculi. The purpose of this study is to comprehend the overall alterations in renal volume occurring after PCNL. The changes in the kidney's total volume in individual patients will be examined by ultrasonography pre and postoperatively, and it will be correlated with GFR. It was a prospective observational study performed over 70 participants, conducted at the department of Urology of a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Each patients were evaluated with pre and post PCNL USG for kidney volume and GFR. The data was statistically evaluated by SPSS software. The preoperative and post operative calculated mean GFR was 96.030 ± 18.922 ml and 86.681 ± 16.938 ml,volume was 127.258 ± 25.705 and 123,678 ± 26.357 respectively . There was statistically significant decrease in GFR and volume following PCNL. It also shows that patients who underwent single puncture PCNL had significantly less decrease in GFR and kidney volume compared to multiple puncture PCNL. Moreover, the calculated mean change in GFR and volume were significantly less seen in single puncture-one step dilatation and single puncture-serial dilatation as compared to multiple puncture-one step dilatation and multiple puncture-serial dilatation. Our study showed that there was significant changes in the renal volume and GFR following PCNL . So, a sonographic estimation of renal dimensions and GFR calculation after PCNL will help in the prognosis and further follow up of patients. A Single puncture had a better operative outcome and less adverse consequences with respect to GFR, volume change and for renal function as compared to multiple puncture.

43 Laterality of Hippocampal Volume Differentially Predicts Verbal Versus Nonverbal Memory Performance

Objective:Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease, and surgery is a common treatment option for persons who do not respond to medication. Neuropsychology plays an important role in the epilepsy presurgical workup, characterizing the cognitive functioning of patients with epilepsy as well as assisting in the determination of which hemisphere seizures originate in the brain through testing of different cognitive functions. NeuroQuant is a relatively newer software that analyzes clinical neuroimaging to quantify brain volume. The objective of this study was to determine if changes in left versus right total hippocampal volume predicted changes in verbal versus nonverbal memory performance.Participants and Methods:Cognitive performance and NeuroQuant bilateral hippocampal volume were examined in a cross-sectional sample of 37 patients with epilepsy. All patients had undergone a comprehensive presurgical neuropsychological evaluation as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and these results were analyzed using a series of linear regression analyses.Results:Total left hippocampal volume was a significant predictor of delayed verbal free recall (RAVLT F(1, 31) = 4.79, p< .036, RA2 = 0.13, and ß=.37, p<.036). Even when controlling for the effects of biological sex, education, and depression, left hippocampal volume remained a significant predictor (ß=.42, p<.025). Total left hippocampal volume did not predict other verbal memory scores. Total right hippocampal volume was a significant predictor of delayed nonverbal figure recall (RCFT F(1, 31)= 6.46, p<.016), RA2 = .17 and ß=.42) p<.016). When controlling for the effects of biological sex, education, and depression, right hippocampal volume remained a significant predictor (ß=.404, p<.026). Total right hippocampal volume did not predict other nonverbal memory scores.Conclusions:These findings validate prior research demonstrating the importance of the left hippocampus in verbal memory and right hippocampus in nonverbal memory. Findings also demonstrate the clinical utility of neuropsychological evaluation in determining laterality in the epilepsy presurgical workup process, as well as support NeuroQuants’ inclusion as an additional consideration in that process.

Integrated radiogenomics models predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in high grade serous ovarian cancer

High grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is a highly heterogeneous disease that typically presents at an advanced, metastatic state. The multi-scale complexity of HGSOC is a major obstacle to predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and understanding critical determinants of response. Here we present a framework to predict the response of HGSOC patients to NACT integrating baseline clinical, blood-based, and radiomic biomarkers extracted from all primary and metastatic lesions. We use an ensemble machine learning model trained to predict the change in total disease volume using data obtained at diagnosis (n = 72). The model is validated in an internal hold-out cohort (n = 20) and an independent external patient cohort (n = 42). In the external cohort the integrated radiomics model reduces the prediction error by 8% with respect to the clinical model, achieving an AUC of 0.78 for RECIST 1.1 classification compared to 0.47 for the clinical model. Our results emphasize the value of including radiomics data in integrative models of treatment response and provide methods for developing new biomarker-based clinical trials of NACT in HGSOC.

Evaluation of Pulmonary Function After Halo-Pelvic Traction for Severe and Rigid Kyphoscoliosis Utilizing CT with 3D Reconstruction.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in pulmonary function, caused by preoperative halo-pelvic traction (HPT) for the treatment of extremely severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis, with use of 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) reconstruction and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Twenty-eight patients with severe and rigid scoliosis (Cobb angle, >100°) underwent preoperative HPT and staged posterior spinal fusion. CT, radiographic assessment, and PFT were performed during pre-traction and post-traction visits. The changes in total lung volume were evaluated with use of 3D-CT reconstruction, and the changes in pulmonary function were evaluated with PFTs at each time point. Differences were analyzed with use of 2-tailed paired Student t tests, and correlations were analyzed with use of Spearman rank tests. None of the patients had pulmonary complications during traction, and all radiographic spinal measurements improved significantly after HPT. The main Cobb angle was corrected from 143.30° ± 20.85° to 62.97° ± 10.83° between the pre-traction and post-traction evaluations. Additionally, the C7-S1 distance was lengthened from 280.48 ± 39.99 to 421.26 ± 32.08 mm between the pre-traction and post-traction evaluations. Furthermore, 3D lung reconstruction demonstrated a notable increase in total lung volume (TLV) (from 1.30 ± 0.25 to 1.83 ± 0.37 L) and maximum lung height (from 176.96 ± 27.44 to 202.31 ± 32.45 mm) between the pre-traction and post-traction evaluations. Moreover, PFTs showed that total lung capacity (TLC) improved between the pre-traction and post-traction evaluations (from 2.06 ± 0.32 to 2.98 ± 0.82 L) and that the changes in T1-T12 distance and maximum lung height were correlated with changes in TLV (p = 0.0288 and p = 0.0007, respectively). The application of HPT is a safe and effective method for improving pulmonary function in patients with extremely severe and rigid scoliosis before fusion surgery. The TLV as measured with CT-based reconstruction was greatly increased after HPT, mainly because of the changes in thoracic height. Therapeutic Level IV . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Short-term Volumetric and Minimal Area Changes in the Pharyngeal Airway After Use of a Fixed Functional Appliance: A Three-dimensional CBCT Investigation

Objective Functional appliances are used in orthodontics to bring about correction of mandibular retrognathism by forward positioning and eventually remodeling the condyle- glenoid fossa to retain this new position. Research has shown that these appliances have a significant effect on pharyngeal airway of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in volume and minimum constriction area in the pharyngeal airway using CBCT imaging after correction of mandibular retrognathism with an Advansync2 Class II corrector. Methods This single-center study consisted of 20 Class II patients (mean age 14.8 years) who required correction of mandibular retrognathism. The patients were treated with the Advansync2 Class II corrector for an average of 26 weeks. CBCT records were taken at T0 (beginning of treatment) and T1 (end of functional phase). The airway was segmented into lower nasopharynx, velopharynx and oropharynx and analyzed for changes in partial volume, total volume, and minimum area using a CBCT software [NewTom 3GTM (Newtom- Cefla S.C., Verona, Italy)]. Results The partial and total volumes were significantly larger at T1 than at T0 ( p = .003, .001). In addition, minimum area also improved in each part of the airway ( p = .005, .022, .001). Conclusion The Advansync2 fixed functional appliance can be used in Class II patients requiring improvement in their airway dimensions. However, additional long-term studies are recommended to confirm these findings.

The effect of abdominal bracing on respiration during a lifting task: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAbdominal bracing is a maneuver widely used by rehabilitation specialists and sports trainers to improve spinal stability. This study aimed to investigate how lifting tasks with and without abdominal bracing affect the respiratory function of the diaphragm.MethodsM-mode ultrasonographic assessment of diaphragmatic motion combined with spirometry was performed on 31 healthy adults. Participants were asked to breathe continuously whilst lifting a load with spontaneous abdominal muscle contraction (natural loaded breathing) and abdominal bracing (AB loaded breathing).ResultsPearson’s correlations revealed strong correlations between ultrasonography and spirometry measures (p < 0.001) for all types of breathing: tidal breathing (r = 0.709, r2 = 0.503), natural loaded breathing (r = 0.731, r2 = 0.534) and AB loaded breathing (r = 0.795, r2 = 0.632). Using paired-samples t-tests, the natural loaded breathing ultrasonography revealed more caudal diaphragm positions during inspiration (p < 0.001) but not during expiration (p = .101). Spirometry demonstrated lower lung volumes (L) at the end of inspiration and expiration (p < 0.001), with no changes in total lung volume (p = 0.06). The AB loaded breathing ultrasonography revealed more caudal diaphragm positions during inspiration (p = 0.002) but not during expiration (p = 0.05). Spirometry demonstrated lower lung volumes at the end of inspiration (p < 0.001), expiration (p = 0.002), and total lung volumes (p = 0.019).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that abdominal bracing performed during a lifting task reduces lung volume despite an increase in diaphragmatic motion. Diaphragm excursions strongly correlate with lung volumes even under postural loading.Trial registrationThe study was prospectively registered on 8 April 2021 at ClinicalTrials.gov with identification number NCT04841109.

Genetic deletion of α7 nAChRs reduces hippocampal granule and pyramidal cell number in both sexes but impairs pattern separation in males only.

Neurogenesis within the dentate gyrus is thought to play an important role in cognitive processes such as reversal learning and pattern separation. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) is expressed early in newly formed granule cells of the dentate gyrus, though its role in neurogenesis and related cognitive function is not fully understood. To better characterize relevant function of α7 nAChRs, we performed unbiased stereology to quantify hippocampal granule cells, pyramidal cells, and total volume and used a touchscreen operant spatial discrimination/reversal task to test pattern separation in a global α7 nAChR knockout mouse line. The knockout resulted in an ≈22% reduction in granule cells and a ≈ 20% reduction in pyramidal cells in both sexes, with no change in total hippocampal volume. However, the knockout impaired performance in the touchscreen task for males only. The sex-dependent difference in behavioral, but not stereological, results suggest a divergence in the structure-function relationship in males versus females. Detailed analyses revealed males were more biased by the initial reversal contingency relative to females indicating a potential source of the sex-specific interaction with the loss of α7 nAChRs. These findings argue that the α7 nAChR plays a critical role in hippocampal development, not just granule cell neurogenesis, and plays a sex-dependent role in cognitive function.

The effect of continuous glucose monitoring-guided glycemic control on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease: The OPTIMAL randomized clinical trial

BackgroundContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improves glycemic fluctuation and reduces hypoglycemic risk. Whether CGM-guided glycemic control favorably modulates coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains unknown. MethodsThe OPTIMAL trial was a prospective, randomized, single-center trial in which 94 T2DM patients with CAD were randomized to CGM- or HbA1c-guided glycemic control for 48 weeks (jRCT1052180152). The primary endpoint was the nominal change in total atheroma volume (TAV) measured by serial IVUS. The secondary efficacy measure was the nominal change in maxLCBI4mm on near-infrared spectroscopy imaging. ResultsAmong the 94 randomized patients, 82 had evaluable images at 48 weeks. Compared to HbA1c-guided glycemic control, CGM-guided control achieved a greater reduction in %coefficient of variation [−0.1 % (−1.8 to 1.6) vs. −3.3 % (−5.1 to −1.5), p = 0.01] and a greater increase in the duration with glucose between 70 and 180 mg/dL [−1.5 % (−6.0 to 2.9) vs. 6.7 % (1.9 to 11.5), p = 0.02]. TAV increased by 0.11 ± 1.9 mm3 in the HbA1c-guided group and decreased by −3.29 ± 2.00 mm3 in the CGM-guided group [difference = −3.4 mm3 (95%CI: −8.9 to 2.0 mm3), p = 0.22]. MaxLCBI4mm, increased by 90.1 ± 25.6 in the HbA1c-guided group and by 50.6 ± 25.6 in the CGM-guided group (difference = −45.6 (95%CI: −118.1 to 26.7) p = 0.21]. A post-hoc exploratory analysis showed a greater regression of maxLCBI4mm in the CGM-guided group [difference = 20.4 % (95%CI:1.3 to 39.5 %), p = 0.03]. ConclusionsCGM-guided control for 48 weeks did not slow disease progression in T2DM patients with CAD. A greater regression of lipidic plaque under CGM-guided glycemic control in the post-hoc analysis requires further investigation.

ULIPRISTAL ACETATE VERSUS PLACEBO FOR FIBROID TREATMENT

Background: The efficacy and safety of oral ulipristal acetate for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids before surgery are uncertain. Methods: We randomly assigned women with symptomatic fibroids, excessive uterine bleeding (a score of &gt;100 on the pictorial blood-loss assessment chart [PBAC, an objective assessment of blood loss, in which monthly scores range from 0 to &gt;500, with higher numbers indicating more bleeding]) and anemia (hemoglobin level of ≤10.2 g per deciliter) to receive treatment for up to 13 weeks with oral ulipristal acetate at a dose of 5 mg per day (96 women) or 10 mg per day (98 women) or to receive placebo (48 women). All patients received iron supplementation. The coprimary efficacy end points were control of uterine bleeding (PBAC score of &lt;75) and reduction of fibroid volume at week 13, after which patients could undergo surgery. Results: At 13 weeks, uterine bleeding was controlled in 91% of the women receiving 5 mg of ulipristal acetate, and 19% of those receiving placebo (P&lt;0.001 for the comparison of each dose of ulipristal acetate with placebo). The rates of amenorrhea were 73%, and 6%, respectively, with amenorrhea occurring within 10 days in the majority of patients receiving ulipristal acetate. The median changes in total fibroid volume were −21%,, and +3% (P = 0.002 for the comparison of 5 mg of ulipristal acetate with placebo. Serious adverse events occurred in one patient during treatment with 5 mg of ulipristal acetate (uterine hemorrhage) and in one patient during receipt of placebo (fibroid protruding through the cervix). Headache and breast tenderness were the most common adverse events associated with ulipristal acetate but did not occur significantly more frequently than with placebo. Conclusions: Treatment with ulipristal acetate for 13 weeks effectively controlled excessive bleeding due to uterine fibroids and reduced the size of the fibroids.

ULIPRISTAL ACETATE VERSUS PLACEBO FOR FIBROID TREATMENT

Background: The efficacy and safety of oral ulipristal acetate for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids before surgery are uncertain. Methods: We randomly assigned women with symptomatic fibroids, excessive uterine bleeding (a score of &gt;100 on the pictorial blood-loss assessment chart [PBAC, an objective assessment of blood loss, in which monthly scores range from 0 to &gt;500, with higher numbers indicating more bleeding]) and anemia (hemoglobin level of ≤10.2 g per deciliter) to receive treatment for up to 13 weeks with oral ulipristal acetate at a dose of 5 mg per day (96 women) or 10 mg per day (98 women) or to receive placebo (48 women). All patients received iron supplementation. The coprimary efficacy end points were control of uterine bleeding (PBAC score of &lt;75) and reduction of fibroid volume at week 13, after which patients could undergo surgery. Results: At 13 weeks, uterine bleeding was controlled in 91% of the women receiving 5 mg of ulipristal acetate, and 19% of those receiving placebo (P&lt;0.001 for the comparison of each dose of ulipristal acetate with placebo). The rates of amenorrhea were 73%, and 6%, respectively, with amenorrhea occurring within 10 days in the majority of patients receiving ulipristal acetate. The median changes in total fibroid volume were −21%,, and +3% (P = 0.002 for the comparison of 5 mg of ulipristal acetate with placebo. Serious adverse events occurred in one patient during treatment with 5 mg of ulipristal acetate (uterine hemorrhage) and in one patient during receipt of placebo (fibroid protruding through the cervix). Headache and breast tenderness were the most common adverse events associated with ulipristal acetate but did not occur significantly more frequently than with placebo. Conclusions: Treatment with ulipristal acetate for 13 weeks effectively controlled excessive bleeding due to uterine fibroids and reduced the size of the fibroids.

Regional motion of the AV-plane is related to the cardiac anatomy and deformation of the AV-plane. Data from the HUNT Study.

The study examines global and regional systolic shortening of the left (LV) and right ventricle (RV) in 1266 individuals without evidence of heart disease in the third wave of the HUNT study. Regional mitral annular systolic displacement (MAPSE) was 1.5 cm in the septum and anterior walls, 1.6 cm in the lateral wall and 1.7 cm in the inferior wall, global mean 1.6 cm. Peak systolic velocity S' was 8.0, 8.3, 8.8 and 8.6 cm/s in the same walls (global mean 8.7 cm/s). All measures of LV longitudinal shortening correlated, mean MAPSE and S' also correlated with stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF). Global longitudinal strain by either method correlated with MAPSE, S' and EF, but not with SV, reflecting a systematic difference. S' and MAPSE correlated with early annular diastolic velocity (e'), reflecting that e' is the recoil from systole. Mean displacement was 2.8 (0.5) cm in the tricuspid annulus (TAPSE). Normal values by age and sex are provided. Both TAPSE and S' were lower in women, where body size explained the sex difference. Normalization of MAPSE and S' for wall length reduced intra-individual variation of displacement and velocity by 80 - 90%, showing regional MAPSE to be related to LV wall length, and that longitudinal wall strain was relatively uniform. Displacement and S' were lowest in the septum and highest in the left and right free walls, shows systolic bending of the AV-plane into a U-shape, relating to the total cardiac volume changes during the heart cycle. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Differential response to donepezil in MRI subtypes of mild cognitive impairment

BackgroundDonepezil is an approved therapy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Results across clinical trials have been inconsistent, which may be explained by design-methodological issues, the pathophysiological heterogeneity of AD, and diversity of included study participants. We investigated whether response to donepezil differs in mild cognitive impaired (MCI) individuals demonstrating different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) subtypes.MethodsFrom the Hippocampus Study double-blind, randomized clinical trial, we included 173 MCI individuals (donepezil = 83; placebo = 90) with structural MRI data, at baseline and at clinical follow-up assessments (6–12-month). Efficacy outcomes were the annualized percentage change (APC) in hippocampal, ventricular, and total grey matter volumes, as well as in the AD cortical thickness signature. Participants were classified into MRI subtypes as typical AD, limbic-predominant, hippocampal-sparing, or minimal atrophy at baseline. We primarily applied a subtyping approach based on continuous scale of two subtyping dimensions. We also used the conventional categorical subtyping approach for comparison.ResultsDonepezil-treated MCI individuals showed slower atrophy rates compared to the placebo group, but only if they belonged to the minimal atrophy or hippocampal-sparing subtypes. Importantly, only the continuous subtyping approach, but not the conventional categorical approach, captured this differential response.ConclusionsOur data suggest that individuals with MCI, with hippocampal-sparing or minimal atrophy subtype, may have improved benefit from donepezil, as compared with MCI individuals with typical or limbic-predominant patterns of atrophy. The newly proposed continuous subtyping approach may have advantages compared to the conventional categorical approach. Future research is warranted to demonstrate the potential of subtype stratification for disease prognosis and response to treatment.Trial registrationClinicalTrial.gov NCT00403520. Submission Date: November 21, 2006.

Difference in impact on emergency department visits following four major peaks of COVID-19 cases

Objective: Several variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged since its first appearance in 2019, greatly impacting healthcare systems across the globe. Previous literature indicated a substantial decline in emergency department (ED) visits in hospitals since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little research has been done to compare different variants’ (Ancestral, Alpha, Delta, Omicron, etc.) impact on patients presenting to the ED. Thus, the purpose of this retrospective observational study is to compare the changes in total ED volume following four major peaks of SARS-CoV-2 infection within a multi-hospital health system.Methods: Utilizing electronic healthcare record (EHR) data, total ED visits (484,268) and COVID-19 case counts (24,358) were collected and analyzed to compare ED census and COVID-19 trends across four years and four variant peak periods, from January 2019 to June 2022.Results: Results showed that ED visits declined after the first two major peaks (Ancestral and Alpha) in COVID-19 cases, which was consistent with national trends and prevailing literature. In contrast, ED visits increased following the fourth major peak (Omicron) in COVID-19 cases.Conclusions: The increase in ED visits following the fourth major peak was inconsistent with previous literature and trends. This may be attributed to the severity differences between variants, increased vaccination uptake, newly adopted public countermeasures, and evolving perceptions of safety and fear regarding COVID-19. These results underscore the critical importance for health administrators and policy planners to be cognizant of new strategies that alleviate barriers to receiving emergency care, especially during times of crisis.

Microstructural evolution of periclase under irradiation by molecular dynamics simulations

The response of MgO periclase to irradiation is investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations, mimicking irradiation by Frenkel pairs accumulation. Both the calculated lattice and volume swellings, which refer, respectively, to the lattice and total volume changes reproduce well the experimental measures. The two diverge at around 0.2 dpa, above which lattice and volume swellings follow separate trends. Below this value, dislocation loops nucleate from point defects clusters, built up by progressive aggregation of both magnesium and oxygen interstitials. Very small 12⟨110⟩ loops lying in {001} planes and made of (MgO)6 interstitials could be characterized. They serve as seeds for the subsequent growth of dislocation loops in all three {110}, {001}, and {111} planes, which then follows a sublinear law. The 12⟨110⟩ loops lying in the {011} planes become dominant as loop diameters increase beyond 15 nm. Above 0.2 dpa, we observe (i) the relative decrease of lattice swelling mainly because the very dense dislocations loops recombine and stabilize into less dense dislocation forests and, concomitantly, (ii) the fast increase of volume swelling caused by the occurrence of significant voids of up to 32 vacancies.

Effects of intensive lipid lowering compared with moderate-intensity lipid lowering on coronary atherosclerotic plaque phenotype and major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with low to intermediate 10-year ASCVD risk (ILLUMINATION study): protocol for a multicentre, open-label, blinded-endpoint, randomised controlled trial

IntroductionCurrent guidelines recommend moderate-intensity lipid lowering (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C of <2.6 mmol/L or 30%–49% reduction from the baseline) for patients with intermediate 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. The...

The Clinical Efficacy Evaluation of Thigh Liposuction Based on 3-Dimensional Digital Technology: A Quantitative Study.

There is a lack of convenient and accurate objective methods to evaluate the clinical efficacy of thigh liposuction. This retrospective study involved the 3-dimensional images of 19 patients who underwent bilateral thigh liposuction. Data such as volume change and volume change rate before and after surgery, circumference change, and circumference change rate of 3 planes (upper, middle, and lower) were analyzed. The correlation between body mass index and volume change rate and between preoperative circumference and circumference change rate of different planes were determined. There were significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative volume and circumference of 3 planes of 19 patients (38 thighs). The rate of change in total volume (16.90 ± 5.55%) correlated with the circumference change rate at the top of the thigh. There was also a linear relationship between body mass index and volume change rate, but not between preoperative circumference and circumference change rate. Three-dimensional imaging technology can accurately quantify the volume and circumference change of the thigh to objectively evaluate the clinical efficacy of thigh liposuction.

Morphologies and composition changes in nonculprit subclinical atherosclerosis in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome who underwent long-term statin therapy

Although patients are undergoing similar lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) with statins, the outcomes of coronary plaque in diabetic mellitus (DM) and non-DM patients are different. Clinical data of 239 patients in this observational study with acute coronary syndrome was from our previous randomized trial were analyzed at 3 years, and 114 of them underwent OCT detection at baseline and the 1-year follow-up were re-anlayzed by a novel artificial intelligence imaging software for nonculprit subclinical atherosclerosis (nCSA). Normalized total atheroma volume changes (ΔTAVn) of nCSA were the primary endpoint. Plaque progression (PP) was defined as any increase in ΔTAVn. DM patients showed more PP in nCSA (ΔTAVn; 7.41 (− 2.82, 11.85) mm3 vs. − 1.12 (− 10.67, 9.15) mm3, p = 0.009) with similar reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline to 1-year. The main reason is that the lipid component in nCSA increases in DM patients and non-significantly decreases in non-DM patients, which leads to a significantly higher lipid TAVn (24.26 (15.05, 40.12) mm3 vs. 16.03 (6.98, 26.54) mm3, p = 0.004) in the DM group than in the non-DM group at the 1-year follow-up. DM was an independent predictor of PP in multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR = 2.731, 95% CI 1.160–6.428, p = 0.021). Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) related to nCSA at 3 years were higher in the DM group than in the non-DM group (9.5% vs. 1.7%, p = 0.027). Despite a comparable reduction in LDL-C levels after LLT, more PP with an increase in the lipid component of nCSA and a higher incidence of MACEs at the 3-year follow-up was observed in DM patients.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. identifier: NCT02140801.

Assessing the Impact of Transcutaneous Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis on Pharyngeal Airway Volume in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate: A 3D Evaluation Study.

Cleft lip and cleft palate (CLCP) patients often have a retrusive maxilla and a severe skeletal Class III malocclusion, which can result in velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the volume of the 3D airway in CLCP children after maxilla distraction using the transcutaneous maxillary distraction osteogenesis (TMDO) method. 15 children with bilateral or unilateral CLCP were included in the study. 3D CBCT images were taken before and after distraction and were segmented and reconstructed to create a 3D airway model. The airway was divided into three regions: the upper, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal airway. Pearson correlation tests were used to assess correlations between volume changes and corresponding skeletal and dental landmark movements (Point N, ANS, A, B, Pog, U1, and L1). The results showed that the ANS point advanced 9.85 ± 3.60 mm, and the A point advanced 14.22 ± 4.57 mm. The total airway volume change increased by 2535.06 ± 2791.80 mm3. However, there was no significant correlation between the A/ANS/U1 and the three different airway regions. Only B/Pog/L1 showed a positive correlation with these airway regions, with a high correlation between B/Pog/L1 and the hypopharyngeal airway region. TMDO can result in greater anterior advancement of the maxilla and an increase in airway volume, but the changes in bony landmarks did not show a strong positive correlation with the increase in airway volume as expected. Further investigation is needed to analyze the influence of surrounding soft tissue on the changes in airway volume.

Systematic Study on the Role of the Third Zn-Site Element in Zn&lt;sub&gt;2−&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;Mg&lt;i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;7&lt;/sub&gt; Showing Giant Negative Thermal Expansion

For Mg-doped Zn2P2O7, this systematic investigation of co-doping onto Zn sites has elucidated specific effects on negative thermal expansion (NTE). The low-cost and low-environmental-impact NTE material Zn2−xMgxP2O7 shows large NTE in a temperature range including room temperature for x = 0.4. Although Mg doping broadens the operating-temperature window, it remains several dozen degrees wide. Moreover, the total volume change related to NTE becomes less than that of the Zn2P2O7 parent material. Findings obtained from this study demonstrate that co-doping of Mg and of another element onto the Zn site is effective for achieving simultaneous expansion of the operating-temperature window and maintenance of the volume change related to NTE. One illustrative case is that Zn1.64Mg0.30Al0.06P2O7 has a large negative coefficient of linear thermal expansion of about −65 ppm/K at temperatures of 300–375 K. In fact, at temperatures high above room temperature, Zn1.64Mg0.30Al0.06P2O7 powder shows better thermal expansion compensation capability than the composition without Al. The Al-doped phosphates are expected to have broad practical application because of their performance, cost, and environmental load characteristics.

Abstract P599: Should Regression Calibration or Multiple Imputation Be Used When Calibrating Different Devices in a Longitudinal Study?

Objective: In longitudinal studies, devices used to measure exposures, like pulse wave velocity (PWV), can change from visit to visit. Calibration studies, where a subset of participants receive measurements from both devices at follow-up, are often used to assess differences in the device measurements. Regression calibration and multiple imputation are common statistical methods to correct for those differences, but no study yet exists to compare the two when the quantity of interest is change in the exposure over time. We compared both methods in a hypothetical study of change in PWV and its association with total brain volume. Methods: We simulated true values of PWV at baseline and follow up, as well as imperfect measurements of PWV using an “old” device and “new” device. Two statistical methods were compared: regression calibration , which calibrates the new device measurements at follow up to the old device using linear regression in a calibration study; and multiple imputation , which imputes the (mostly) missing old device measurements at follow up.We varied the bias and measurement error of each device and for each scenario simulated 1,000 datasets of size n=2,500. Two percent of participants in each iteration were chosen to participate in the calibration study, and thus had measurements on the old and new devices at follow up. We used 200 bootstrap replicates to calculate the standard errors for the regression calibration method and 50 imputed datasets for the multiple imputation method. To compare the methods we used bias of the estimated association and how well the standard errors approximated the empirical standard errors. Results: Regression calibration was virtually unbiased for the association between change in PWV and total brain volume when the old device had larger measurement error than the new device. The maximum bias for regression calibration across all scenarios was still small (6%). When the old device had more measurement error or the two devices had equal measurement error, multiple imputation underestimated the association by more than 10%. This underestimation was reduced to approximately 2% when the new device had a larger measurement error than the old device. In all scenarios, regression calibration underestimated the empirical standard error by approximately 35%, while multiple imputation underestimated it by only 2-5%. Conclusions: In analyses of change in PWV and total brain volume, when unbiased estimation is the main objective, regression calibration is favorable to multiple imputation. When null hypothesis significance testing is the main objective, multiple imputation may be favorable in order to not underestimate the standard errors. We expect these conclusions to apply to other change in exposure and outcome relationships with similar ratios between the association’s magnitude and the amount of measurement error.