Changing Socio-economic Conditions Research Articles

In the Grip of Traditionalism? How Nigerian Middle-Class Working Mothers Navigate Normative Ideals of Femininity

Changing socioeconomic conditions are enticing more and more Nigerian mothers to work and pursue careers. This article explores how middle-class professional women navigate working mother subjectivities in the context of Nigeria’s strong patriarchal culture, where traditional notions of maternal femininity prevail. We argue that the working mother’s subjectivity is a key site where the struggle over gendered cultural meanings takes place. Drawing on 32 qualitative interviews, we demonstrate how a small group of women refused traditional feminine subject positions; however, most mothers either embraced or reluctantly acquiesced to traditional femininity, despite having access to broader cultural repertoires and material resources. By unveiling the complexities of the cultural appeal of traditional femininity and social penalties for breaching it, the article extends our understanding of how patriarchal cultures resist gendered change and the nuances and limits of individual patterns of resistance.

High mobility lifestyles: Unpacking travel behavior in Accra's rapidly expanding periphery

This paper explores everyday travel behavior among urbanites in Accra's periphery and unpacks how travel choices and preferences are conditioned and constrained in a context of rapid urban expansion, unregulated residential sprawl, infrastructural deficits, congestion and changing socio-economic conditions. The paper draws on qualitative interviews (n = 48) and a travel survey (n = 2107) targeting economically active adults residing in peripheral neighborhoods. Their travel behavior is characterized by a high proportion of adults who regularly travel outside their neighborhoods, over relatively long distances (10+ km) and mainly using motorized transport. The paper proposes “high mobility lifestyles” as a metaphor to capture key aspects of travel behavior in the peripheries and explores how travelers navigate the opportunities and constraints associated with living in the peripheries. As a unique feature, spatially explicit destination data are used to map the predominant destinations and long distances travelled from Accra's peripheral neighborhoods. The research illuminates how infrastructural deficits, long distances, severe congestion and rising transport costs combine to make high mobility lifestyles exceedingly strenuous, costly, and time-consuming. Ultimately, in-depth understanding of travel behavior, embedded in contextual conditions, can provide insights on how travel choices may be changed and how transport, systems may be made more sustainable and inclusive.

The Impact of Farmers' Socio-Economic Conditions Due to the Conversion of Agricultural Land in Setia Mulya Village, Bekasi Regency, Indonesia

Land conversion is the change of the original land function into another function. The conversion of laham affects the socio-economic conditions of farmers, especially in Setia Mulya Village. Socioeconomic conditions are a person's position in a community group that is determined by the type of economic activity, education, and income. The conversion of agricultural land can have an impact on the social and economic conditions of farmers. What is observed in this study is social conditions, economic conditions and their impact on farmers. The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in the socio-economic conditions of farmers due to land conversion and their impact on farmers' lives. The method used was a qualitative method with data sources obtained from observations, interviews, and documentation with farmers as respondents totaling 15 farmers, with sampling techniques using snowball sampling techniques. The results of the study showed changes in the socio-economic conditions of farmers due to land conversion that occurred in Setia Mulya Village. Changes in socio-economic conditions related to the age of farmers, changes in social status, changes in farmers' income, and farmers' household consumption. Farmers in Setia Mulya Village are cultivators so they have to pay rent to the landowner so that farming activities can continue. Although the area of agricultural land in Setia Mulya Village is very large, the high rental prices and the difficulty of irrigation flows make farmers have to look for decent agricultural land that can be used properly.

Contemporary Management Innovations in Shaping the Educational Process: Insights from Europe

Today, globalisation processes, technological progress, and changes in socio-economic conditions require educational institutions to implement new approaches to managing the educational process. This paper analyses innovative approaches in modern management to model the educational process based on European experience. The contribution of the research to the scientific discussion is to substantiate the impact of the introduction of digital technologies and adaptive and personalised programs, as well as the development of collaboration skills, on the educational process’s effectiveness in the educational process’s modelling. For this purpose, a correlation matrix was formed based on the assessments by university professors and university students. The research design included verification of the objectivity of expert assessments on the achievement of goals and management functions in the performance of educational tasks, which effectively ensured the quality of the digital skills of students and professors. The main conclusions of the study indicate that to model the educational process effectively, it is necessary to focus on planning the introduction of digital technologies and creating individual learning environments. Implications for further research include the development of new methods for managing the educational process in the context of rapid technological progress.

Design of Self-Educational Activity of the Future Teacher as Leading Factor in the Formation its Innovative Competence (Methodological Aspects)

Education is the basis for the economic and spiritual development of any society. Modern education system places demand on the teacher, such as professionalism, soft skills, mobility, and the ability to process creatively an ever-increasing flow of information and apply it competently in practice; thus, the preparation of a future teacher is a social order in relation to higher pedagogical education. Nowadays the development of the concept of lifelong education is being strengthened, and university training turns into an extremely important stage with the main goal when the student must be prepared not only for practical activities, but also for further systematic improvement of their professional qualifications. Consequently, preparing a future specialist for self-education is a requirement of the modern education system of the country. It is obvious that the objective need of society is determined by the competitive ability of specialists in the world market, their adaptation to changing socio-economic conditions. The paper is devoted to the methodological approaches of the future teacher’s formation of the innovative competence.

Architectonics of residential buildings in the Baikal region as part of its geosystem

Research into the development principles of residential areas in the natural and climatic conditions of the Baikal region, taking into account various interactions within the geosystem under seismic conditions, contributes to harmonizing the constituent and interconnected geosystem components. These include natural territorial, socio-economic, and natural-public spatial systems. Such research is aimed at improving the quality of architecture of residential buildings, ensuring their sustainability and comfort for different population groups. This article investigates the multi-stage structure of a materially organized and life-supporting spatial environment considering changes in socio-economic conditions. Natural, territorial, and urban planning components that determine the formation of sustainable residential buildings meeting the modern architectural requirements were investigated. This enabled the theoretical foundations of the geosystem structure to be revealed. The historical experience of forming residential environment, residential buildings, and their complexes both in Russia and abroad was studied. The main interrelated factors in the development of the architecture of residential buildings and their complexes in the geosystem were determined. These include the dynamics of spatial and temporal development of residential buildings and their complexes, the impact of such development on the processes of component interaction, and the interrelation of residential buildings and their complexes in the geosystem structure. Conceptual directions in the formation of residential buildings and their complexes under the existing and changing conditions of the Baikal region geosystem, including those regulated and self-regulated, are outlined.

A short insight into the traditional paddy and millet varieties used by Kurichya tribes in the Wayanad district of Kerala: An interview with Padma Shri Cheruvayal Raman

Abstract BACKGROUND: Kurichya tribes, inhabitants of the Kannur and Wayanad districts of North Kerala, are well known for their traditional agrarian practices. Rice and millet were an integral part of the diet of these people and were widely cultivated. They grew different varieties of these crops using traditional farming techniques. Many healthy dietary items were also prepared using these native varieties. However, over the years, due to changing socio-economic conditions, the traditional farming practices of Kurichya tribes began to fall, and many of the indigenous seed varieties they cultivated became extinct. To conserve their losing heritage, Cheruvayal Raman, a proud Kurichya farmer, started to collect and propagate the cultivation of these native seeds. He cultivates different millet and paddy varieties and is known as the “Saviour of indigenous seed varieties.” METHODS: A personal interview was conducted with Padma Shri Cheruvayal Raman to gather information about the traditional farming practices, indigenous paddy and millet varieties cultivated and used by the Kurichya tribes of Wayanad, Kerala. Detailed information on the indigenous paddy varieties was collected and compiled. An effort was made to compare these rice varieties with those mentioned in the classical textbooks of Ayurveda. RESULTS: Through insights from the interview, the manuscript highlights traditional farming practices, native seed varieties, and the millet-based healthy diet of Kurichya tribes. Raman has conserved more than 50 native paddy seed varieties with distinct characteristics. The name and characteristics of the few seeds in Cheruvayal Raman’s possession match those mentioned in Ayurvedic textbooks. CONCLUSION: Cheruvayal Raman represents one of the last generations of Kurichya tribes with knowledge about these indigenous seed varieties. Research focusing on retrieving these varieties and scientific documentation exploring their functional properties is required for conserving them from the verge of extinction.

Saltation Diffusion Penetration: A New Measure of Specific Politico-Economic and Military Relations

At every stage of human existence, the security environment has been marked by various challenges and processes that have passed through the course of its history. The development of societies, changes in socio-economic conditions, technological progress, political and ideological trends also determined the change in the security environment. The unprecedented military, political, economic and ideological confrontation of the Cold War period, as well as the current extremely complex situation in the world, are causing new dynamics in the security environment. New challenges have emerged for world order and security – terrorism and extremism, military and non-military conflicts, economic and political destabilization, ethnic and religious tensions, cyber wars and many more. etc., risks and threats that have a strong negative impact on the social sustainability of our planet. The lack of clear rules for political and economic behavior and the growth of confrontation in international relations have led to a total disorientation of the global modern social system. Dominant in this direction are not only current wars and permanent threats from local and global conflict situations, but also unconventional technologies, methods and means of influence in the internal political life of states. Scientific and expert literature temporarily imposed a new terminological apparatus, with which to name the various processes, phenomena and operations with a markedly political and military character. Despite the existence of this terminological diversity, however, in the last few years there has been a need to fill the "gap" in understanding their nature and metrics. The need for a new meaningful definition of the specific political-economic, technological and social decisions and consequences appeared mostly in social practice. In this regard, in this report we will consider a new measure of specific politico-economic and military relations, which we have called “Striking Diffuse Penetration” (SDP) or Public Diffuse Entropy (PDE). Regardless of the fact that these two definitions, we propose a third linguistic construction that unites the first two and name the following expression form Saltation Diffusion Penetration.

PERSONAL QUALITIES IMPORTANT FOR THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE MODERN MIDDLE LEVEL MANAGER

The peculiarity of this level of management lies in the fact that the middle level manager is the organizer and supervisor of the process of implementation of decisions and actions taken by high-level managers. The modern management system, along with rapid changes in socio-economic conditions, also makes special demands on the middle level manager. In the conditions of modern imperatives, the focus of attention is on the issue of matching the characteristics of managerial activity and the psychological qualities of the manager, which can be the basis for effective activity and professional development. The professional development of middle-level managers is determined by a unique combination of important professional psychological qualities, namely: emotional intelligence, thinking, voluntary self-regulation, social-communication knowledge. The conducted research works provide an opportunity to state that conscientiousness, self-regulation of behavior, and creativity are important personal qualities for a modern middle level manager. Creativity is also characteristic of middle level managers: it is above average among middle level managers. It means that we can talk about such important professional qualities of a modern middle level manager as conscientiousness, control of behavior and creativity.

ВОСТОЧНО-СИБИРСКИЙ МАКРОРЕГИОН В XXI ВЕКЕ С ПОЗИЦИЙ ВОСТОЧНОГО ВЕКТОРА РАЗВИТИЯ: ВЫЗОВЫ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ

In light of changing socioeconomic and geopolitical conditions, identifying the characteristics of changes in the economic environment of a large domestic resource-producing macroregion – Eastern Siberia – is an extremely important topic. The territory of the macroregion, taking into account the historical and geographical factors and the peculiarities of economic development, is considered part of seven subjects in the central part of Siberia, including the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Trends and problems in the development of the territory are presented using the example of model subjects and the demographic behavior of the population over the past two decades. A number of primary reasons for the ongoing multidirectional socio-economic changes in the context of the «turn to the east» are identified, and issues of economic security in border regions are considered. The following trends have been identified: the industrial structure is being simplified, the demographic potential continues to decline, a steady western drift of the demographic mass is observed, and the population is concentrated in the administrative centers of the macroregion’s constituent entities.

Consumption of Material Goods and Services: Regional Characteristics and Trends

Consumption of material goods and services is a sphere of economic relations that is aimed at satisfying the material, spiritual and intellectual needs of people. Consumption is the most important stage of the reproduction process. characterizes the level and quality of life of the population, reflects the effectiveness of the state’s socio-economic policy. In recent years, against the backdrop of changing socio-economic conditions, the study of patterns, features and trends in the consumption of material goods and services is a fairly relevant and sought-after area of research. This article analyzes the level and dynamics of consumption of goods and services by residents of the Vologda region, examines the features of the structure of consumer expenditures of households in the region, and identifies income and territorial differentiation in the consumer market. The information and empirical basis of the study are the results of monitoring of the Vologda Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, carried out in the Vologda region. The results of the study showed that, against the backdrop of an increase in the quantity (volume) of purchases of goods and services, a low level of material consumption opportunities for residents of the region remains, which is due to a fall in real incomes, rising inflation, and negative structural changes in family budget expenditures. Risk categories include representatives of the 20% least affluent group, as well as residents of rural areas, whose consumption level is noticeably lower than the regional average. Improving the situation in the area of consumption of material goods and services by residents of the region will depend on the degree of effectiveness of the measures taken by the federal and regional authorities to bring the economy onto a sustainable development trajectory, increase the income of the population, and overcome excessive income differentiation and property stratification of the population.

Scenario analysis of local storylines to represent uncertainty in complex human-water systems

Storylines are important in evaluating the uncertainty inherent in complex human-water systems. The interrelated nature of qualitative and quantitative scenarios can enhance our ability to address the uncertainty of integrated modelling of complex systems. This study proposes a transdisciplinary approach that integrates social and environmental sciences to characterize and comprehend uncertainty in the dynamic interactions of key factors affecting a human-water system. We introduce a framework for representing uncertainty through linguistic and epistemic uncertainty quantification using storyline narratives in the context of a regional integrated dynamic model. A systematic exploration of uncertainty space is performed using storytelling, fuzzy sets, and low discrepancy sequences sampling methods. Scenario analysis is applied to the generated uncertain ensemble of projections to discover predominant storylines of interest. As a representative case of a human-water system operating in a developing country, we examine the uncertainty effects of a variety of drivers of climatic and socio-economic changes on key agriculture and water-related sectors in Pakistan’s Rechna Doab region. The findings revealed soil salinity and crop yield indices were the most uncertain and showed significant variance across all developed storylines. The 95th percentile for soil salinity in year 2100 was estimated to be nearly 60 % higher than the baseline level (year 2020). There was, however, considerable overlap in different socio-economic scenarios at the local scale, indicating that change in socio-economic conditions could not fully offset climate-related uncertainty. Our analysis provides better quantification and a deeper understanding of the uncertainty in integrated assessment modelling of coupled human-water systems and the complex relationships between inputs and outcomes.

Габитус правящей элиты современной России

The purpose of the article is to establish the peculiarities of the habitus of the ruling elite in modern Russia. The methodological basis is the position according to which certain points of view, type of thinking, habitus correspond to the social position. As a method of collecting information, one of the varieties of document analysis is thematic analysis. According to the results of the study, the following characteristic of the habitus of the ruling elite of modern Russia was given. The ideological attitudes of the Russian elite are oriented towards the patterns of Western culture, but the stability and depth of the referential orientation towards the West of the Russian elite groups depends on the political and economic situation. The ruling elite of Russia is conservative, it is generally satisfied with its position in Russia. The same reason leads to its negative attitude to any significant social transformations. The conservatism of the Russian elite leads to the rejection of analytical thinking, with the help of which reality is decomposed in order to construct from its parts the future that is fundamentally different from the present. The ruling elite strives to see the world as integral and organic. The elite strata, at least, are suspicious and distrustful of the intellectual abilities and moral qualities of the Russian population. Attributing certain stable socio-psychological qualities to the population (irresponsibility, low ability to self-organize and adapt to changing socio-economic conditions, infantilism, inadequate assessment of reality) indicates a deep gap between the elite and other social groups, which, given such an obvious stigmatization, becomes not only political or economic, but also psychological. And this, in turn, is an additional conflictogenic factor. Failure to take into account the peculiarities of the situation of opposing social groups, which is a consequence of socially determined stigmatization, will be perceived as an arrogant and dismissive attitude, which often becomes the detonator of social clashes. Such a negative and exaggerated assessment of the socio-psychological qualities of the population is reflected in the quality of public administration. In the latter, there is a tendency to primitivization and one-sidedness of influence, a constant search for simple solutions. The failures caused by this are justified by the immaturity of the people, their low moral qualities, which only intensifies the social gap and differentiation.

The role of volunteer activity in the professional development of future social educators

Relevance. The relevance of the presented research is due to the fact that at the moment there are a limited number of publications on this topic, and the topic of volunteer and social activities is gaining popularity every year both in Kazakhstan and around the world. Modernisation of Kazakhstan's education, changes in socio-economic conditions in the country have led to the need to revise the system of training university students, who must have a high level of professional competence, be competitive, mobile, tolerant and ready to work in a modern, constantly changing society. Purpose. The purpose of the presented research is to consider volunteer activity, to study this term, as well as to analyse the impact of volunteer activity on the formation of future social educators. Methodology. The methodological basis of the presented research is a combination of various general scientific methods of cognition. The methods of information analysis and synthesis, the comparative method, as well as the method of induction and deduction were used in this study. At the final stage of the study, the method of systematic analysis of scientific literature related to the subject of the study was used. Results. In the course of the study, it was determined that volunteering affects the formation of cognitive, affective, behavioural components of professional self-awareness of future social educators. Also, in the course of the study, the main directions of volunteer activity in educational institutions were identified, to which future social educators can be involved. Each of the directions was reviewed and analysed. Conclusions. The practical value of the research lies in the fact that it can be used to develop a programme to attract students to volunteer activities, as well as to study and analyse the volunteer process.

The Legal Nature of Compensation Payments to Citizens Participating in Shared-Equity Construction

Relevance. Meeting the needs of citizens for housing is a constitutional obligation of the State, and at the legislative level it is implemented in various forms, including through participation in shared-equity construction. In cases when a developer becomes bankrupt and cannot fulfill its obligations to shareholders, various measures are provided by law to guarantee the restoration of property rights. Such measures also include a compensation mechanism aimed at ensuring the payment of funds by the Public Law Company "Territorial Development Fund" to compensate citizens participating in construction who have claims for the transfer of residential premises, parking spaces and non-residential premises included in the register of claims of construction participants.However, the peculiarity of the legal status of the Fund as a public law company creates problems for the law enforcement officer to determine the legal nature of these compensation payments, which negatively affects the level of protection of citizens' rights. The purpose of the study is to identify the legal nature of compensation payments made by the PPK "Territory Development Fund", to determine the effectiveness of the legally established compensation mechanism.Objectives: to determine the legal status of the Fund, to identify the peculiarities of the procedural and legal status of the Fund in cases of insolvency (bankruptcy) of the developer, to analyze the legal facts that constitute the grounds for succession between the bankrupt developer and the Fund.Methodology. In preparing the study, the author applied general scientific methods, methods of analysis and synthesis, a systematic method, a formal legal method.Results. In the course of the study, it was determined that the compensation mechanism and obligations to pay money to shareholders are of a civil nature. When determining the effectiveness of the compensation mechanism, its low level is established, since the goal of ensuring the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens participating in construction is not fully achieved.Conclusions. The current compensation mechanism does not ensure the restoration of the right to housing by participating in shared construction. The factors that have a negative impact can be called a significant change in socio-economic conditions and poorly effective legal means that generate collisions and gaps in legal regulation, which negatively affects the process of their implementation.

Integration and Recommendation System of Profiles based on Professional Social Networks

The aim of our investigation is to personalize bilateral recommendation of job-related proposals based on existing professional social networks. In a context where the points of view of job seekers and employers can be contradictory, our approach consists in trying to bring the both in a best possible matching. To this end, we propose an integration system that gives a minimum of credit to the users’ data in order to facilitate the discovery of relevant proposals based on the users’ behaviors, on the characteristics of the proposals and on possible relationships. The main contribution is the proposal of an architecture for the recommendation of profiles and job offers including social and administrative factors. The particularity of our approach lies in the freedom from the recommendation problem by using metrics proven in the literature for the estimation of similarity rates. We have used these metrics as default values to appropriate data dimensions. It emerges that, the user’s behavior is exclusively responsible for the recommendations. However, the cross-analysis of randomly generated behaviors on real profiles collected on Cameroonian sites dedicated to job offers, shows the influence of the most active users. But, for requests via the search bar (interface with the script respecting the path of our architecture) the central subject remains the user. Our current work is limited by a data set that is not very representative of changing socio-economic conditions.

ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ ГРАЖДАН С ОГРАНИЧЕННЫМИ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЯМИ ЗДОРОВЬЯ В РЫНОК ТРУДА

The subject of the study is modern technologies for a positive impact on labor resources through the integration of citizens with disabilities into the Russian labor market. The aim of the research is to develop an integrated approach to creating working conditions for citizens with disabilities, promoting the socialization of this part of the population, and increasing the potential of the country’s labor resources. The relevance of the study is due to the aggravation of the situation in the labor market associated with the consequences of the demographic decline of the 1990s, a special military operation, and the relocation of highly skilled specialists abroad. The scientific novelty lies in the development of improved modern technologies for the integration of citizens with disabilities into the labor market. The research methods include scientific abstraction and a systematic approach, analysis of the legislative framework and scientific publications on this topic, as well as economic and statistical analysis. The results of the study revealed the need to apply a comprehensive approach to the integration of citizens with disabilities into the labor market, which consists of specifying measures for setting job quotas and substantiating the importance of using digital technologies and ethical principles in their use. The authors made a conclusion about the need to increase the degree of validity of management decisions concerning the organization of labor activities of persons with disabilities in accordance with the change in socio-economic conditions and the regulatory framework.

ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ АДАПТИВНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ: ВИКЛИКИ ТА МОЖЛИВОСТІ

The article explored the essence and main principles of adaptive management in the digital economy, including flexibility, decentralization, ability to self-organize, and focus on results. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the comprehensive analysis and systematization of modern approaches to adaptive management, taking into account the specifics of the digital economy. The concept of adaptive management was formed as a modern approach to management that allows organizations to quickly respond to changes in the external environment, constantly adjusting strategies, structures and processes to ensure maximum efficiency and sustainability. Key factors affecting the evolution of adaptive management were assessed, including technological progress, globalization of markets, changes in socio-economic conditions, new approaches to human resource management, and environmental instability. Recommendations were developed for the use of new approaches and tools such as Agile, Lean and Scrum, which ensure effective management in the context of digital transformation. The leading benefits of implementing adaptive management for enterprises were identified, including increased flexibility, efficient use of resources, increased employee engagement and better risk management. The risks and challenges arising in the conditions of digitization of business processes and digital transformation, as well as the opportunities arising from the use of innovative technologies and management methods, were assessed. The article analyzed the relationship between adaptive management and innovation, showed how flexible management approaches contribute to the development of a corporate culture of innovation, the creation of new products and services, as well as increasing competitiveness in conditions of high uncertainty. the article offers a comprehensive overview of the opportunities and challenges of adaptive management in the digital economy, emphasizing its important role in ensuring the sustainable development of enterprises. The given research results allow enterprises to develop effective management strategies that meet the requirements of the modern dynamic market.

Aktualizacja miejscowego planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego

The aim of procedure of getting topicality of local spatial development plans is adapting these acts to changes of the law and changes in socio-economic conditions. This procedure is accurate to the scope of planning sovereignty. The discretion of the commune authorities concerns the neediness of getting topicality and define of the scope and content of this topicality.

On the issue of professional pension risks in the Republic of Kazakhstan

This article covers a current topic professional pension provision for those employed under hazardous and difficult working conditions, the international experience of professional pension schemes, and stages in creating one in Kazakhstan. To identify and set compensation for employees who worked under harmful and/or other adverse working conditions, determine employer participation levels in production processes, as well as assess any required capital investments by employers to enhance working conditions.This article presents an in-depth examination of Kazakhstan's existing pension system with respect to occupational risks faced by employees from various sectors of its economy. Additionally, its effectiveness was evaluated within a context of demographic shifts, labor market transformation and an increase in informal sector workers. Recommendations are made for strengthening the pension system to ensure its sustainability and adaptability with changing socio-economic conditions, with comparisons made against international best practices as well as suggestions on integrating them into Kazakhstani society.The authors propose a set of measures aimed at strengthening the professional pension system, such as strengthening its regulatory framework and activating investment activities of pension funds, developing tools to encourage employers to improve working conditions, increasing financial transparency and increasing financial responsibility.