Change In Direction Research Articles

Experimental and theoretical model of microvascular network remodeling and blood flow redistribution following minimally invasive microvessel laser ablation.

Overly dense microvascular networks are treated by selective reduction of vascular elements. Inappropriate manipulation of microvessels could result in loss of host tissue function or a worsening of the clinical problem. Here, experimental, and computational models were developed to induce blood flow changes via selective artery and vein laser ablation and study the compensatory collateral flow redistribution and vessel diameter remodeling. The microvasculature was imaged non-invasively by bright-field and multi-photon laser microscopy, and optical coherencetomography pre-ablation and up to 30 days post-ablation. A theoretical model of network remodeling was developed to compute blood flow and intravascular pressure and identify vessels most susceptible to changes in flow direction. The skin microvascular remodeling patterns were consistent among the five specimens studied. Significant remodeling occurred at various time points, beginning as early as days 1-3 and continuing beyond day 20. The remodeling patterns included collateral development, venous and arterial reopening, and both outward and inward remodeling, with variations in the time frames for each mouse. In a representative specimen, immediately post-ablation, the average artery and vein diameters increased by 14% and 23%, respectively. At day 20 post-ablation, the maximum increases in arterial and venous diameters were 2.5× and 3.3×, respectively. By day 30, the average artery diameter remained 11% increased whereas the vein diameters returned to near pre-ablation values. Some arteries regenerated across the ablation sites via endothelial cell migration, while veins either reconnected or rerouted flow around the ablation site, likely depending on local pressure driving forces. In the intact network, the theoretical model predicts that the vessels that act as collaterals after flow disruption are those most sensitive to distant changes in pressure. The model results correlate with the post-ablation microvascular remodeling patterns.

A stochastic model of ant trail formation and maintenance in static and dynamic environments

Colonies of ants can complete complex tasks without the need for centralised control as a result of interactions between individuals and their environment. Particularly remarkable is the process of path selection between the nest and food sources that is essential for successful foraging. We have designed a stochastic model of ant foraging in the absence of direct communication. The motion of ants is governed by two components - a random change in direction of motion that improves ability to explore the environment, and a non-random global indirect interaction component based on pheromone signalling. Our model couples individual-based off-lattice ant simulations with an on-lattice characterisation of the pheromone diffusion. Using numerical simulations we have tested three pheromone-based model alternatives: (1) a single pheromone laid on the way toward the food source and on the way back to the nest; (2) single pheromone laid on the way toward the food source and an internal imperfect compass to navigate toward the nest; (3) two different pheromones, each used for one direction. We have studied the model behaviour in different parameter regimes and tested the ability of our simulated ants to form trails and adapt to environmental changes. The simulated ants behaviour reproduced the behaviours observed experimentally. Furthermore we tested two biological hypotheses on the impact of the quality of the food source on the dynamics. We found that increasing pheromone deposition for the richer food sources has a larger impact on the dynamics than elevation of the ant recruitment level for the richer food sources.

The Use of Turning Points in Understanding Homelessness Transitions: A Critical Social Psychological Perspective

ABSTRACT We argue for use of the narrative concept of the “turning point” in homelessness research from a critical social psychology perspective. BackgroundTurning points are often understood as rifts in the life course followed by significant change in direction. However, within narrative theory they are not events but subjectively significant features of the person’s life-story. The turning point as narrative toolThe analysis identified how turning points were deployed by participants in a study of homelessness experiences. Participants used the turning point in constructing themselves as agentic, reformed individuals who had gained insight. However, this did not necessarily bring positive life changes. Data extracts are used to illustrate the power of adopting a constructivist, narrative theoretical orientation in understanding turning points in accounts of homelessness. Implications for practiceViewing turning points in this way may help us understand how best to provide support for people without housing.

An agile monopedal hopping quadcopter with synergistic hybrid locomotion.

Nature abounds with examples of superior mobility through the fusion of aerial and ground movement. Drawing inspiration from such multimodal locomotion, we introduce a high-performance hybrid hopping and flying robot. The proposed robot seamlessly integrates a nano quadcopter with a passive telescopic leg, overcoming limitations of previous jumping mechanisms that rely on stance phase leg actuation. Based on the identified dynamics, a thrust-based control method and detachable active aerodynamic surfaces were devised for the robot to perform continuous jumps with and without position feedback. This unique design and actuation strategy enable tuning of jump height and reduced stance phase duration, leading to agile hopping locomotion. The robot recorded an average vertical hopping speed of 2.38 meters per second at a jump height of 1.63 meters. By harnessing multimodal locomotion, the robot is capable of intermittent midflight jumps that result in substantial instantaneous accelerations and rapid changes in flight direction, offering enhanced agility and versatility in complex environments. The passive leg design holds potential for direct integration with conventional rotorcraft, unlocking seamless hybrid hopping and flying locomotion.

The Impact of Miss Stitch on the Dimensional Properties and Stability of Double Weft Knitted Fabrics after Dry and Washing Relaxations

This study investigated the effect of the rib set-out repeat and single miss stitches on the structural properties and dimensional stability of double weft knitted fabrics compared with half Milano rib. Nine variations of double weft knitted fabrics were produced, each with a different number of inactive needles at the width repeat Rb. The fabrics were tested after 10 days of dry relaxation and five washings. The fabric’s structural repeat at the height Rh consisted of a combination of two courses, rib and plain (variant 1), and rib set-out and single with miss (float) stitch, with stitch repeats varying at the width Rb (for variants 2–10). The miss stitch was made on the technical back of the knitted fabrics, and the number of inactive needles during the production of the single and double stitches ranged from 1 to 3. The fabrics were manufactured using a 10-gauge flat bed-knitting machine from blended wool/PAN (60% wool, 40% PAN) 25×2tex×2 yarn. The results demonstrated that the width repeat of miss knit stitches Rb (different numbers of knit and miss loop stitches) plays a crucial role in determining the dimensional stability and structural properties of double knitted fabrics. The number of washing cycles did not significantly impact the structural properties (around ±5%). The research results demonstrated shrinkage in the length and width directions, specifically after the first two washing cycles. The rib set-out repeat and single miss stitches affect dimensional changes in both directions: an increase in the number of inactive needles increases shrinkage in the length and decreases shrinkage in the width direction. Overall, this study highlights the importance of the number and placement of miss stitches during the design process of double weft knitted fabrics, particularly when aiming to achieve specific structural and dimensional properties.

Influence of warm surface water originating from the East China Sea on surface water temperature off the south coast of Korea in summer

Surface seawater temperature in the southwestern coast of Korea suddenly rose in the summer of 2017. This rapid temperature rise event occurred simultaneously with a change in wind direction in the Korea Strait from northwesterly to southeasterly due to the approach of typhoon Noru. To identify the causes of the abrupt rise in surface temperature, the variations of the surface currents and temperature were investigated using a three-dimensional ocean circulation model. Warm and less saline surface water, a mixed shelf water of the Changjiang Diluted Water and saline water from an onshore branch of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea (ECS), flowed northeastward to the west and south of Jeju Island, proceeding eastward through the Jeju and Korea Straits. While westerly winds prevailed, wind-driven ageostrophic currents flowed southeastward, moving away from the south coast of Korea, due to Ekman transport. The shallow coastal region was occupied by cool and saline surface water (T < 22 °C, S > 32.5 psu). However, after the wind shifted to an easterly direction, the surface ageostrophic currents realigned northwestward, and the warm and less saline water moved into the shallow coastal region. In a passive tracer dispersal experiment, dyes injected from the ECS flowed to the west of Jeju Island and through the Jeju Strait via geostrophic currents. These dyes did not affect the shallow southern coastal region of Korea while the westerly winds dominated. However, during the easterly wind event, the dyes were advected toward the coast by the coastward Ekman transport. An analysis of temperature data observed at Cheongsando over 16 years and the tracer experiment revealed that the abrupt temperature rise in the summer of 2017 was a marine heatwave event generated by the advection of warm and less saline surface water from the ECS to the southwestern coast of Korea through the Jeju Strait.

153 Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on CTSA Training and Career Development

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Immediate negative impact of the COVID pandemic on CTSA T trainees and K scholars was reported in 2020 to be lack of access to research facilities, clinics, human subjects, and team members, and a need for homeschooling. In this study we examined in more detail the perceived impact of the COVID pandemic on training and career development three years later. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: CTSA T trainees and K scholars were surveyed in May-June 2023 to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on training and career development. Data were included from 309 T trainees and K scholars appointed in 2018-2023 at 50 institutions, with good representation from states that were heavily impacted by COVID. Respondents included 76 past and 64 current T trainees, and 56 past and 113 current K scholars. There were no significant differences in race, ethnicity, or gender between T and K respondents. Significantly more K scholars reported both being married or in a committed relationship, and having children. Survey items included the same questions asked in the 2020 survey, plus additional new questions. Results compare impact for T trainees and K scholars. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: K scholars were more negatively impacted for access to clinic/human subjects, home environment, child care, access to staff, increased clinical responsibilities, and other hospital service. T trainees and K scholars reported higher positive impact than in 2020, for having more time to think/write and develop new research ideas. About 2/3 of respondents reported returning to research full-time by April 2021, and the remaining by August 2021. Lasting changes in career progression or research direction were reported as both positive and negative (48%), negative (25%), or positive (10%). Most (2/3) respondents in faculty positions reported that a time extension was available for promotion and/or tenure. Additional in-depth analysis will be presented, based on qualitative analysis of open-ended questions. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Despite research shutdowns in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that lasted for about a year, CTSA T trainees and K scholars were remarkably resilient. They were able to continue some research activities and professional development activities, and developed strategies to maintain productivity and minimize impact on their training duration.

Middle Neoproterozoic (Tonian) Polar Wander of South China: Paleomagnetism and ID‐TIMS U‐Pb Geochronology of the Laoshanya Formation

AbstractPaleomagnetic records of middle Neoproterozoic (820 to 780 Ma) rocks display high amplitude directional variations that lead to large discrepancies in paleogeographic reconstructions. Hypotheses to explain these data include rapid true polar wander (TPW), a geomagnetic field geometry that deviates from a predominantly axial dipole field, a hyper‐reversing field (&gt;10 reversals/Ma), and/or undiagnosed remagnetization. To test these hypotheses, we collected 1,057 oriented cores over a 85 m stratigraphic succession in the Laoshanya Formation (Yangjiaping, Hunan, China). High precision U‐Pb dating of two intercalated tuff layers constrain the age of the sediments between 809 and 804 Ma. Thermal demagnetization isolates three magnetization components residing in hematite which are not time‐progressive but conflated throughout the section. All samples possess a north and downward directed component in geographic coordinates at temperatures up to 660°C that is ascribed to a Cretaceous overprint. Two components isolated above 660°C reveal distinct directional clusters: one is interpreted as a depositional remanence, while the other appears to be the result of a mid‐Paleozoic (460 to 420 Ma) remagnetization, which is likely widespread throughout South China. The high‐temperature directions are subtly dependent on lithology; microscopic and rock magnetic analyses identify multiple generations of hematite that vary in concentration and distinguish the magnetization components. A comparison with other middle Neoproterozoic paleomagnetic studies in the region indicates that the sudden changes in paleomagnetic directions, used elsewhere to support the rapid TPW hypothesis (ca. 805 Ma), are better explained by mixtures of primary and remagnetized components, and/or vertical axis rotations.

Gamma activity in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Enhanced response to visual input

IntroductionAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a childhood onset neurodevelopmental condition, that leads to permanent disability in a high proportion of cases. ASD is associated with a heterogeneous symptom presentation, which - besides social interaction and communication difficulties - encompasses altered sensory reactivity, including excessive hyper-sensitivity to stimuli, especially in the visual domain. Meta-analyses of fMRI studies revealed increased reactivity in visual task conditions in the temporal and occipital brain regions. Neural oscillations in the EEG gamma band are viewed as a candidate neurobiological marker for higher order sensory and perceptual processes, and social interactions.ObjectivesWe investigated changes in gamma activity in the EEG in the eyes open (EO) vs. eyes closed (EC) condition in order to identify the neurobiological underpinning of the enhanced sensitivity to visual input in ASD as compared to typically developing (TD) subjects.MethodsEEGs were obtained in EC and EO condition in ASD (N=23) and TD subjects (N=24) in an ongoing study. For EEG recording we used a high-density 128-channel BioSemi system, with 0.5 Hz frequency resolution. The spectral power in the gamma band (30-100Hz) was quantified by the power spectral density. To investigate whether changes in the gamma band were linked to changes in arousal instead of enhanced visual processing, we also examined alterations in the alpha band (8-13Hz) in the EO condition. Spectral power changes were determined for each EEG channel by computing the difference between the EC and EO conditions (EO-EC).ResultsSpectral power in the gamma band showed changes in the opposite direction in the two study groups: ASD subjects manifested significant (p&lt;0.05) increase, while TD subjects had a decrease in the EO vs. EC condition in the temporal and occipital brain regions. By contrast, the changes in the alpha band were similar, with both groups exhibiting a spectral power decrease in the EO compared to the EC condition.ConclusionsIn ASD, an enhancement of gamma activity is present in the EO as compared to the EC condition in the posterior brain areas. These brain areas are involved in the processing of visual information, and gamma activity is considered as a measure of perceptual processes. Thus, the gamma alterations in the EO vs. EC condition may underlie the hyper-sensitivity symptoms to visual stimuli in ASD, and EEG can offer a simple to use tool to delineate the neurobiological foundation of the symptom presentation.Funding statement: Hungarian Brain Research program,#NAP2022-I-4/2022Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Prediction of Large-Scale Regional Evapotranspiration Based on Multi-Scale Feature Extraction and Multi-Headed Self-Attention

Accurately predicting actual evapotranspiration (ETa) at the regional scale is crucial for efficient water resource allocation and management. While previous studies mainly focused on predicting site-scale ETa, in-depth studies on regional-scale ETa are relatively scarce. This study aims to address this issue by proposing a MulSA-ConvLSTM model, which combines the multi-headed self-attention module with the Pyramidally Attended Feature Extraction (PAFE) method. By extracting feature information and spatial dependencies in various dimensions and scales, the model utilizes remote sensing data from ERA5-Land and TerraClimate to attain regional-scale ETa prediction in Shandong, China. The MulSA-ConvLSTM model enhances the efficiency of capturing the trend of ETa successfully, and the prediction results are more accurate than those of the other contrast models. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient between observed and predicted values reaches 0.908. The study has demonstrated that MulSA-ConvLSTM yields superior performance in forecasting various ETa scenarios and is more responsive to climatic changes than other contrast models. By using a convolutional network feature extraction method, the PAFE method extracts global features via various convolutional kernels. The customized MulSAM module allows the model to concentrate on data from distinct subspaces, focusing on feature changes in multiple directions. The block-based training method is employed for the large-scale regional ETa prediction, proving to be effective in mitigating the constraints posed by limited hardware resources. This research provides a novel and effective method for accurately predicting regional-scale ETa.

Digital biomarkers from gaze tests for classification of central and peripheral lesions in acute vestibular syndrome.

Acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) is characterised by a sudden vertigo, gait instability, nausea and nystagmus. Accurate and rapid triage of patients with AVS to differentiate central (potentially sinister) from peripheral (usually benign) root causes is a challenge faced across emergency medicine settings. While there exist bedside exams which can reliably differentiate serious cases, they are underused due to clinicians' general unfamiliarity and low confidence interpreting results. Nystagmus is a fundamental part of AVS and can facilitate triaging, but identification of relevant characteristics requires expertise. This work presents two quantitative digital biomarkers from nystagmus analysis, which capture diagnostically-relevant information. The directionality biomarker evaluates changes in direction to differentiate spontaneous and gaze-evoked (direction-changing) nystagmus, while the intensity differential biomarker describes changes in intensity across eccentric gaze tests. In order to evaluate biomarkers, 24 sets of three gaze tests (left, right, and primary) are analysed. Both novel biomarkers were found to perform well, particularly directionality which was a perfect classifier. Generally, the biomarkers matched or eclipsed the performance of quantitative nystagmus features found in the literature. They also surpassed the performance of a support vector machine classifier trained on the same dataset, which achieved an accuracy of 75%. In conclusion, these biomarkers simplify the diagnostic process for non-specialist clinicians, bridging the gap between emergency care and specialist evaluation, ultimately benefiting patients with AVS.

Dynamic wind farm flow control using free-vortex wake models

Abstract. A novel dynamic economic model-predictive control strategy is presented that improves wind farm power production and reduces the additional demands of wake steering on yaw actuation when compared to an industry state-of-the-art reference controller. The novel controller takes a distributed approach to yaw control optimisation using a free-vortex wake model. An actuator-disc representation of the wind turbine is employed and adapted to the wind farm scale by modelling secondary effects of wake steering and connecting individual turbines through a directed graph network. The economic model-predictive control problem is solved on a receding horizon using gradient-based optimisation, demonstrating sufficient performance for realising real-time control. The novel controller is tested in a large-eddy simulation environment and compared against a state-of-the-art look-up table approach based on steady-state model optimisation and an extension with wind direction preview. Under realistic variations in wind direction and wind speed, the preview-enabled look-up table controller yielded the largest gains in power production. The novel controller based on the free-vortex wake produced smaller gains in these conditions while yielding more power under large changes in wind direction. Additionally, the novel controller demonstrated potential for a substantial reduction in yaw actuator usage.

Failure investigation of an elbow pipe used in sewage water treatment facility

AbstractIn this research work, a real case of failed ASTM A860 WPHY 65 long elbow pipe coated with inorganic zinc ethyl silicate primer is collected from a treatment facility to investigate the root causes of its failure, which was reported after approximately 28 months of use. The failure was investigated using visual observations, metallurgical analysis using optical emission spectroscopy, mechanical testing, X‐ray diffraction of corrosion product, chemical analysis of sewage and corrosion rate test of the elbow using a three‐electrode potential technique, fractographic analysis using scanning electron microscope along with computational analysis to confirm the results. Through the testing, it was observed that severe depletion in the strength can be attributed to erosion–corrosion caused by various impurities present in the sewage, leading to the generation of corrosion pits and turbulent eddies and stresses generated due to sudden changes in fluid flow direction along with gases present in sewage reacting with a base metal. Various failure mechanisms that have led to pipe failure are discussed in this paper, along with a listing of preventive measures to delay it.

Safety of agricultural machinery and tractor maintenance planning with fuzzy logic and MCDM for agricultural productivity

Productivity is one of the most important measures used to determine the growth and development level of countries or sectors. A wide variety of projects have been planned and implemented to increase agricultural productivity. The productivity to be obtained in agriculture; Soil conditions, climate, seeds, fertilizer, pesticides, labor and agricultural mechanization directly affect it. Agricultural mechanization is the realization of agricultural activities by using energy together with agricultural tools and machines. Agricultural mechanization; It is an important agricultural production technology that helps increase agricultural productivity. Due to the inadequate maintenance planning of agricultural machinery, agricultural machinery cannot be utilized at the desired level in agricultural production. Most agricultural equipment is subject to frequent changes in speed and direction of movement while operating. Damage that can be seen on a single machine; It also causes other machines to malfunction. During the year, especially in the months when agricultural activity is high, excessive working tempo can cause tractors to malfunction. The breakdown of tractors causes disruptions in agricultural activities. In addition, the breakdown of tractors increases the repair costs. Since there is no tractor maintenance planning, farmers face interruptions in agricultural activities due to tractor malfunction. However, tractor malfunctions may cause cost and economic losses. For these reasons, there is a need for appropriate maintenance planning of agricultural machinery in order to continue agricultural activities without disruption. Maintenance planning; It consists of a set of preventive activities to improve the reliability and availability of any system. The main purpose of this study is to determine and rank the importance level weights of the criteria that are important for agricultural machinery maintenance planning using the fuzzy AHP method. Fuzzy AHP method, which provides ease of application, was preferred in determining the Criterion Weights. The research proposes a framework to determine the weights of appropriate criteria for care planning selection through a combined approach of fuzzy multi-criteria decision making involving relevant stakeholders. On the basis of the prioritization of criteria of tractor maintenance planning (TMP), it was found from the ranking that checking for all fluid levels (TMP1) ranked first. This respectively is followed by checking for general conditions (TMP4), checking for tires and wheels (TMP2) and checking for batteries (TMP3). With the results of the study, a guide was created for farmers and other stakeholders, as well as decision makers, to help plan the maintenance of machines in better working conditions. It is also thought that this study will be encouraging for other studies.

SkipDiff: Adaptive Skip Diffusion Model for High-Fidelity Perceptual Image Super-resolution

It is well-known that image quality assessment usually meets with the problem of perception-distortion (p-d) tradeoff. The existing deep image super-resolution (SR) methods either focus on high fidelity with pixel-level objectives or high perception with generative models. The emergence of diffusion model paves a fresh way for image restoration, which has the potential to offer a brand-new solution for p-d trade-off. We experimentally observed that the perceptual quality and distortion change in an opposite direction with the increase of sampling steps. In light of this property, we propose an adaptive skip diffusion model (SkipDiff), which aims to achieve high-fidelity perceptual image SR with fewer sampling steps. Specifically, it decouples the sampling procedure into coarse skip approximation and fine skip refinement stages. A coarse-grained skip diffusion is first performed as a high-fidelity prior to obtaining a latent approximation of the full diffusion. Then, a fine-grained skip diffusion is followed to further refine the latent sample for promoting perception, where the fine time steps are adaptively learned by deep reinforcement learning. Meanwhile, this approach also enables faster sampling of diffusion model through skipping the intermediate denoising process to shorten the effective steps of the computation. Extensive experimental results show that our SkipDiff achieves superior perceptual quality with plausible reconstruction accuracy and a faster sampling speed.

Enhanced heat transfer study of microchannel heat sink with periodically arranged triangular cavities and arc‐shaped ribs

AbstractThe microchannel heat sink with periodically arranged triangular cavities and arc‐shaped ribs (MC‐ARTC) is investigated numerically under the conditions of Reynolds number 147–736. The effects of triangular cavities and arc‐shaped ribs on velocity, pressure, and temperature distribution in the channel are analyzed in comparison with a rectangular microchannel heat sink, microchannel heat sink with arc‐shaped ribs, and microchannel heat sink with triangular cavities. The results show that the triangular cavity and the arc‐shaped rib have important effects on the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the microchannel heat sink. Both rib and cavity can cause a change in fluid flow direction and disturb the development of the flow boundary layer. The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of microchannels are improved. Among the four microchannels, the MC‐ARTC has the optimum comprehensive performance for the combined effect of the rib and cavity. Relative cavity width () and relative rib height () are also defined to study the effects of cavity width ( = 89–200 μm) and rib height ( = 8.9–28.9 μm) on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. It is found that the heat transfer of MC‐ARTC is enhanced with increasing and , while lead to higher pressure drop. When and are 252 and 249 μm, respectively, the comprehensive performance factor () of MC‐ARTC reaches 1.76.

Abstract 7007: 5hmc-sequencing identifies candidate genes in Puerto Rican Hispanic/Latino men with aggressive prostate cancer

Abstract Introduction: Puerto Rican (PR) Hispanic/Latino (H/L) men are an understudied population which has the highest prostate cancer (PCa) specific mortality when compared with other Hispanic populations. According to the recent PR Cancer Registry data, PCa is the leading cancer type in terms of incidence (38% of all cancer cases) and mortality (16% of all cancer deaths) in PR H/L men. PR H/L men also have significantly higher PCa-specific mortality than non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) and non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB). So far, little is known about higher mortality in PR H/L men. It is believed that epigenetic changes of key genes play a critical role in aggressive tumors. Therefore, our study was aimed to identify key 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) changes in PR H/L men with aggressive PCa. Methods: We prepared sequencing libraries using the enriched 5hmC DNA from 42 prostate tumor and 44 adjacent normal FFPE samples. We performed sequencing on an Illumina NextSeq 500 with 75bp single end. We used DESeq2 package to identify differentially methylated genes (DMGs). We also downloaded additional 5hmC data (Database: EGAS00001004942) of 51 localized PCa and 7 adjacent normal for confirmation analysis. We used Gleason score (GS) as a cut-off to identify DMGs in aggressive PCa patients (GS- 7 (3+4) or less, Non-aggressive; GS- 7 (4+3) and above, Aggressive). Results: We identified 808 DMGs in tumors compared to adjacent normal tissues (FDR&amp;lt;0.05, log2FC&amp;gt;|0.4|). Pathway analysis of DMGs demonstrated that cell-cycle, cell division, and DNA repair related pathways were most upregulated in tumors. Since 5hmC abundance is highly correlated with gene expression levels, we further investigated 808 DMGs with TCGA prostate cancer gene expression data. This analysis identified 59/73 DMGs (80.1%, (FDR&amp;lt;0.05, delta&amp;gt;|1|) with significant 5hmC and gene expression changes in the same direction. We also performed differential methylation analysis in another dataset and observed that 129 DMGs were common with our results. Finally, we demonstrated 111 DMGs (p&amp;lt;0.05) in aggressive tumors (n=7) compared to non-aggressive tumors (n=15). These 111 DMGs include important 5hmC hypomethylated genes (BCCIP and KLK10) and hypermethylated genes (COX6C, ARMC2, PVT1) in aggressive PCa patients. Conclusions: Our study identifies 59 genes having coordinated epigenetic and transcriptomic changes in PR H/L men and 111 DMGs in aggressive tumors. The coordinated 59 genes include tumor suppressor genes such as DKK3 and PRDM8 with downregulated 5hmC and gene expression levels. Also, previous studies reported downregulation of BCCIP and KLK10 and upregulation of COX6C, ARMC2, PVT1 expression in PCa. The coordinated changes in 5hmC could be critical in aggressive PCa biology, hence in future, these genes will be validated as candidate biomarkers and targets for aggressive PCa among PR H/L men. Citation Format: Manishkumar S. Patel, Muosa Almubarak, Jaime Matta, Carmen Ortiz-Sánchez, Jarline Encarnacion, Gilberto Ruiz-Deya, Julie Dutil, Jasreman Dhillon, Kosj Yamoah, Anders Berglund, Hyun Park, Liang Wang, Jong Y. Park. 5hmc-sequencing identifies candidate genes in Puerto Rican Hispanic/Latino men with aggressive prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 7007.

CAS-ESM2.0 Dataset for the Carbon Dioxide Removal Model Intercomparison Project (CDRMIP)

AbstractUnderstanding the response of the Earth system to varying concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) is critical for projecting possible future climate change and for providing insight into mitigation and adaptation strategies in the near future. In this study, we generate a dataset by conducting an experiment involving carbon dioxide removal (CDR)—a potential way to suppress global warming—using the Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model version 2.0 (CAS-ESM2.0). A preliminary evaluation is provided. The model is integrated from 200–340 years as a 1% yr−1 CO2 concentration increase experiment, and then to ~478 years as a carbon dioxide removal experiment until CO2 returns to its original value. Finally, another 80 years is integrated in which CO2 is kept constant. Changes in the 2-m temperature, precipitation, sea surface temperature, ocean temperature, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), and sea surface height are all analyzed. In the ramp-up period, the global mean 2-m temperature and precipitation both increase while the AMOC weakens. Values of all the above variables change in the opposite direction in the ramp-down period, with a delayed peak relative to the CO2 peak. After CO2 returns to its original value, the global mean 2-m temperature is still ~1 K higher than in the original state, and precipitation is ~0.07 mm d−1 higher. At the end of the simulation, there is a ~0.5°C increase in ocean temperature and a 1 Sv weakening of the AMOC. Our model simulation produces similar results to those of comparable experiments previously reported in the literature.

Mechanism of Crystallographic Orientation and Texture Evolution of Ti60 Alloy during Plane Strain Compression

The crystallographic orientation and texture evolution mechanism of equiaxed Ti60 alloy plates were investigated in this study through plane strain compression tests. The EBSD analysis revealed that the received plate contained two characteristic textures that were perpendicular to each other, i.e., c-axis//TD (Component 1) and c-axis//RD (Component 2), with the latter being caused by the change in direction of the TD texture that was generated during the previous unidirectional rolling process into an RD direction in the cross-rolling process. The results demonstrated that, with increasing the deformation temperature from 930 °C to 960 °C and 990 °C, the intensity of the c-axis//TD texture (Component 1) initially rose to a peak value of 5.07, which then—subsequently—decreased significantly to 2.96 at 960 °C and 3.11 at 990 °C. Conversely, the intensity of the c-axis//RD texture (Component 2) remained relatively unchanged. These texture changes were correlated with slip system activity and the spheroidization of the primary alpha phase. For the c-axis//TD texture, the initial intensity of the texture components during compression at lower temperatures could be attributed to the incomplete dynamic spheroidization process of the α phase, which leads to the reinforcement of the c-axis//TD due to prismatic slip. As the deformation temperature increased, the dynamic spheroidization process became more prominent, thereby leading to a significant reduction in the intensity of the c-axis//TD texture. In contrast, the c-axis//RD texture exhibited difficulty in activating the prismatic slip and basal slip; in addition, it also encountered resistance to dynamic spheroidization, thus resulting in negligible changes in the texture intensity.

Evaluation of beach response due to construction of submerged detached breakwater

Submerged detached breakwaters (SDBWs) have increasingly been used in recent times as an alternative against their emergent counterpart (EDBWs) to mitigate erosion because the former do not spoil the seascape. Both of these structures are (usually) constructed using precast concrete blocks or natural granite rocks, hence becoming permeable structures. For an EDBW, a parabolic bay shape equation can be readily used to estimate the planar shape of the shoreline behind the structure, but there is still no approach to estimate how the shoreline behind the SDBW is formed. In this study, we estimated how the shoreline is balanced by examining how the dominant wave direction changes due to the diffraction of the transmitted wave generated after the installation of the SDBW from the long-term wave directional spectrum. The change in dominant wave direction was determined under the shoreline gradient condition where littoral drift does not occur, considering the diffraction phenomenon due to the difference in transmitted waves. This means that the shape of the equilibrium shoreline changes to face perpendicular to the dominant wave direction. As a meaningful result, when the transmittance is 0, it converges to the well-known empirical equation of EDBW. The present methodology is validated by comparing the observed data (wave and shoreline change) from two beaches (Anmok and Bongpo-Cheonjin Beaches) on the eastern coast of Korea. This rational approach to shoreline changes behind permeable SDBWs will help in proactive review work for coastal management as well as beach erosion mitigation.