Changes In Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Concentration Research Articles

Effects of antidepressant and antipsychotic medication on peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important regulatory protein in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Several studies have reported the relationship between peripheral BDNF concentrations and the use of psychoactive drugs. However, the results remain controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of psychoactive drugs on BDNF concentrations and to explore the association between changes in BDNF concentrations and improvements in clinical scores. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Six electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Science Direct, were searched. Changes in BDNF concentrations were compared before and after psychoactive treatment, using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI). Twenty-three studies were included. A significant increase in serum BDNF concentrations was observed after treatment with antipsychotics (SMD=0.43; 95 %CI: 0.26, 0.60) and antidepressants (SMD=0.49; 95 %CI: 0.23, 0.74). However, the plasma BDNF concentration was not affected by antidepressant and antipsychotic medication. Although an improvement in clinical scores was observed after treatment, no significant association was observed between changes in BDNF concentrations and the changes in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores. In conclusion, antidepressants and antipsychotics increase serum BDNF concentrations.

Effect of Exercise on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) is a biomarker of neuroplasticity linked with better functional outcomes after stroke. Early evidence suggests that increased concentrations after exercise may be possible for people with stroke, however it is unclear how exercise parameters influence BDNF concentration. This systematic review and meta-analysis searched 7 electronic databases. Experimental or observational studies measuring changes in BDNF concentration after exercise in people poststroke were included. Data were extracted including characteristics of the study, participants, interventions, and outcomes. Several fixed and random effects meta-analyses were completed. Seventeen studies including a total of 687 participants met the eligibility criteria (6 randomized trials). Significant improvements were observed in BDNF concentration following a single session (mean difference, 2.49 ng/mL; [95% CI, 1.10-3.88]) and program of high intensity aerobic exercise (mean difference, 3.42 ng/mL; [95% CI, 1.92-4.92]). High intensity aerobic exercise can increase circulating BDNF concentrations, which may contribute to increased neuroplasticity. URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; Unique identifier: CRD42021251083.

EFFECT OF MATERNAL HIGH-FAT DIET ON SERUM BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR AND BEHAVIORAL REACTIONS IN MALE OFFSPRING OF WISTAR RATS

Maternal diet affects the development and health of future offspring. Recent studies indicate that excess fat in the female’s diet can influence the structure and function of the brain of her pups. An important role in the maturation of the central nervous system (CNS) and the maintenance of its functioning assigned to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Changes in BDNF concentration in the brain are associated with the occurrence of various neurobehavioral and mental disorders. In this work, we studied the behavioral reactions and the level of serum BDNF in male Wistar rats whose mothers before, during pregnancy and during lactation consumed food with excess fat (20 % of the total daily calorie content) and in the offspring of females who consumed standard diet of vivarium. As a result, an impairment of spatial learning and memory was revealed, as well as increased anxiety in the Morris Water Maze, Elevated plus Maze and Open Field in pups whose mothers were on a high-fat diet. These disorders were combined with a reduced level of BDNF in the peripheral blood. The data obtained indicate that high maternal fat consumption before pregnancy, during prenatal and early postnatal period, contributes to the formation of neurobehavioral disorders in offspring, which is probably associated with reduced BDNF levels in peripheral blood, and consequently in the brain. Характер питания матери оказывает влияние на развитие и состояние здоровья ее будущего потомства. Результаты недавних исследований указывают на то, что избыточное количество жиров в рационе самки способно оказывать воздействие на структуру и функционирование мозга ее детенышей. Важная роль в созревании центральной нервной системы и поддержании ее функционирования отводится мозговому нейротрофическому фактору ( BDNF ). Изменение его содержания в мозге связывают с возникновением различных нейроповеденческих нарушений и психических расстройств. В данной работе были исследованы особенности поведенческих реакций и содержание БДНФ в сыворотке крови самцов крыс линии Вистар, чьи матери до, во время беременности и в период лактации потребляли пищу с избыточным содержанием жира (20% от общей суточной калорийности) и у потомства самок, потреблявших стандартный рацион вивария. В результате было выявлено нарушение пространственного обучения и памяти, а также повышение уровня тревожности в тестах «Водный лабиринт Морриса», «Приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт» и «Открытое поле» у детенышей, чьи матери находились на высокожировой диете. Эти нарушения сочетались у них со сниженным уровнем БДНФ в периферической крови. Полученные данные указывают на то, что потребление самкой высокожировой диеты до беременности, в пренатальный и ранний постнатальный период способствует формированию у ее потомства нейроповеденческих нарушений, что вероятно связано со снижением БДНФ в периферической крови, а следовательно и уровня его экспрессии в головном мозге. 800x600 Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Обычная таблица; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Times New Roman,serif;}

Gross Motor Skills Training Leads to Increased Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Healthy Older Adults: A Pilot Study.

Exercise is recognized as a promising approach to counteract aging-associated declines in cognitive functions. However, the exact molecular pathways involved remain unclear. Aerobic training interventions and improvements in peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) have been associated with increases in the peripheral concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and better cognitive performances. However, other training interventions such as resistance training and gross motor skills programs were also linked with improvements in cognitive functions. Thus far, few studies have compared different types of physical exercise training protocols and their impact on BDNF concentrations, especially in participants over 60 years old. The main objective of this study was to compare the effects of three exercise protocols on plasma BDNF concentrations at rest in healthy older adults. Thirty-four older adults were randomized into three interventions: (1) lower body strength and aerobic training (LBS-A), (2) upper body strength and aerobic training (UBS-A), or (3) gross motor activities (GMA). All interventions were composed of 3 weekly sessions over a period of 8 weeks. Physical, biochemical, and cognitive assessments were performed pre and post-intervention. All interventions resulted in improved cognitive functions but the GMA intervention induced a larger increase in plasma BDNF concentrations than LBS-A. No correlation was observed between changes in BDNF concentrations and cognitive performances. These findings suggest that a program of GMA could lead to enhancements in plasma BDNF concentrations. Moreover, cognition improvement could occur without concomitant detectable changes in BDNF, which highlights the multifactorial nature of the exercise-cognition relationship in older adults.

Educação física e o fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF) na aprendizagem escolar

Objetivo: O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi fazer uma revisão sistemática para verificar a relação do exercício físico e o BDNF na aprendizagem. Como objetivos específicos: verificar qual o tipo de exercício é mais indicado; intensidade; relação com o gênero e com a faixa etária e ainda o melhor momento para sua realização. Metodologia: A busca pelos documentos foi realizada nas bases de dados: PubMed, LILACS e Google Acadêmico. Foram considerados artigos de revisão, experim entais e dissertações (Doutorado e Mestrado) publicados nos últimos vinte anos (1996 – 2016), escritos em inglês, espanhol e português. Como critérios de inclusão testes realizados em seres humanos e em modelos animais; relacionando à prática de exercícios com o BDNF e a sua influência na aprendizagem. Como critérios de exclusão os documentos que não apresentaram dados como: gênero, idade, intensidade, número e tempo de cada sessão. Foram selecionados 120 documentos, restando somente 19, segundo os critérios de inclusão. Resultado e Discussão: As pesquisas em neurociências relacionadas à educação contribuem para o aprimoramento das práticas pedagógicas levando em conta as funções encefálicas e suas relações com a aprendizagem. O Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Cérebro (BDNF) tem como função promover a sobrevivência dos neurônios. O exercício físico promoveu alterações positivas nas concentrações de BDNF estando relacionado à melhora do desempenho neurológico. Conclusão: O exercício aeróbio parece ser o mais indicado com intensidade vigorosa para o sexo masculino e a intensidade moderada para o feminino, as intervenções com tempo superiores há 20 minutos e com mais de uma sessão foram mais indicadas, contudo são necessárias novas pesquisas.

Psychological and Physiological Biomarkers of Neuromuscular Fatigue after Two Bouts of Sprint Interval Exercise.

The main aim of our study was to determinate whether a repeated bout (RB) (vs. first bout [FB]) of sprint interval cycling exercise (SIE) is sufficient to mitigate SIE-induced psychological and physiological biomarker kinetics within 48 h after the exercise. Ten physically active men (age, 22.6 ± 5.2 years; VO2max, 44.3 ± 5.7 ml/kg/min) performed the FB of SIE (12 repeats of 5 s each) on one day and the RB 2 weeks later. The following parameters were measured: motor performance (voluntary, electrically induced and isokinetic skeletal muscle contraction torque, and central activation ratio [CAR]); stress markers [brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine]; inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α); metabolic markers (glucose and lactate); muscle and rectal temperature; cycling power output; and psychological perceptions. The average cycling power output and neuromuscular fatigue after exercise did not differ between the FB and RB. There were significant decreases in cortisol and BDNF concentration at 12 h (P < 0.05) and 24 h (P < 0.001) after the FB, respectively. The decrease in cortisol concentration observed 12 h after exercise was significantly greater after the RB (P < 0.05) than after the FB. The immune-metabolic response to the RB (vs. FB) SIE was suppressed and accompanied by lower psychological exertion. Most of the changes in psychological and physiological biomarkers in the FB and RB were closely related to the response kinetics of changes in BDNF concentration.

Plasticity after pediatric cochlear implantation: Implication from changes in peripheral plasma level of BDNF and auditory nerve responses

IntroductionSensory neural hearing loss could lead to some structural and physiological changes in the auditory pathways, such as alteration in the expression of neurotrophins. These factors, especially Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), play an important role in synaptic functions and experience-related plasticity. Restoring cochlear function after hearing loss is possible through cochlear implantation (CI). Evaluation of the blood concentration changes of neurotrophins as prerequisites of plasticity could help scientists to determine the prognosis of CI as in the candidacy procedure or enhancing prosthesis function by adding the exact needed amount of BDNF to the electrode array. MethodsHere we have studied the plasma BDNF concentration before CI surgery and 6 months after using CI device in 15 pediatric CI recipients and compared this level with changes of BDNF concentration in 10 children who were using hearing aid (H.A). In addition, we searched for a possible correlation between post-surgery plasma BDNF concentration and electrical compound action potential (ECAP) and comfort-level (C-level) thresholds. ResultsPlasma BDNF concentration in children with CI increased significantly after CI surgery, while this difference in H.A group was not significant. Analysis of repeated measures of ECAP and C-level thresholds in CI group showed that there were some kinds of steadiness during follow- up sessions for ECAP thresholds in basal and E16 of middle electrodes, whereas C-level thresholds for all selected electrodes increased significantly up to six months follow-up. Interestingly, we did not find any significant correlation between post-surgery plasma BDNF concentration and ECAP or C-level threshold changes. ConclusionIt is concluded that changes in C-level threshold and steady state of ECAP thresholds and significant changes in BDNF concentration could be regarded as an indicator of experienced-related plasticity after CI stimulation.

Acute high-intensity exercise-induced cognitive enhancement and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in young, healthy adults

Acute exercise can positively impact cognition. The present study examined the effect of acute high-intensity aerobic exercise on prefrontal-dependent cognitive performance and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Fifty-eight young adults were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups: (a) an acute bout of high-intensity exercise (n=29) or (b) a non-exercise control (n=29). Participants in the exercise group improved performance on inhibitory control in Stroop interference and on cognitive flexibility in Trail Making Test (TMT) Part-B compared with participants in the control group and increased BDNF immediately after exercise. There was a significant relationship between BDNF and TMT Part-B on the pre-post change following exercise. These findings provide support for the association between improved prefrontal-dependent cognitive performance and increased BDNF in response to acute exercise. We conclude that the changes in BDNF concentration may be partially responsible for prefrontal-dependent cognitive functioning following an acute bout of exercise.

Effects of acute aerobic exercise on a task-switching protocol and brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations in young adults with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness.

What is the central question of this study? Neurocognitive functions can be enhanced by acute aerobic exercise, which could be associated with changes in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations. We aimed to explore acute exercise-induced changes in BDNF concentrations, neuropsychological and neurophysiological performances when individuals with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness performed a cognitive task. What is the main finding and its importance? Only young adults with higher cardiorespiratory fitness could attain switching cost and neurophysiological benefits via acute aerobic exercise. The mechanisms might be fitness dependent. Although acute aerobic exercise could enhance serum BDNF concentrations, changes in peripheral BDNF concentrations could not be the potential factor involved in the beneficial effects on neurocognitive performance. This study investigated the effects of acute aerobic exercise on neuropsychological and neurophysiological performances in young adults with different cardiorespiratory fitness levels when performing a task-switching protocol and explored the potential associations between acute aerobic exercise-induced changes in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations and various neurocognitive outcomes. Sixty young adults were categorized into one control group (i.e. non-exercise-intervention; n=20) and two exercise-intervention (EI) groups [i.e. higher (EIH , n=20) and lower (EIL , n=20) cardiorespiratory fitness] according to their maximal oxygen consumption. At baseline and after either an acute bout of 30min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or a control period, the neuropsychological and neurophysiological performances and serum BDNF concentrations were measured when the participants performed a task-switching protocol involving executive control and greater demands on working memory. The results revealed that although acute aerobic exercise decreased reaction times across three (i.e. pure, switching and non-switching) conditions in both EI groups, only the EIH group showed a smaller switching cost and larger P3 amplitudes after acute exercise, supporting the view that the mechanisms of neural functioning that underlie the effects of such exercise may be fitness dependent. In addition, serum BDNF concentrations were elevated after acute exercise for both EI groups, but there were no significant correlations between the changes in BDNF concentrations and changes in neuropsychological and neurophysiological performances for either group, suggesting that serum BDNF could not be the potential factor involved in the beneficial effects on neuropsychological and neurophysiological performances seen in young adults after acute aerobic exercise.

Brain derived neurotrophic factor in multiple sclerosis: effect of 24 weeks endurance and resistance training.

Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is suggested to play a neuroprotective role in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the BDNF response to long-term exercise in MS remains unknown. Our objective was to compare resting BDNF profiles of healthy controls (HCs) and persons with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and to investigate the impact of a 24-week exercise intervention on serum BDNF release in MS. At baseline, blood BDNF levels were assessed in MS (n = 22, mean Expanded Disability Status Scale 2.6 ± 0.2, mean age 43 ± 2 years) and HCs (n = 19, mean age 47 ± 1 year). Next, persons with MS were randomized to an exercise intervention group (EX, n = 15) or a sedentary control group (SED, n = 7) completing a 24-week randomized controlled trial. In persons with MS, muscle strength, exercise tolerance and body composition were assessed, as compliance measures, at baseline and after 24 weeks. At baseline, the BDNF concentration of persons with RRMS was 21% lower than HCs. Following 24 weeks of intervention, changes in BDNF concentrations differed significantly between EX and SED. In particular, within EX BDNF concentrations increased 13.9% ± 8.8%, whereas it decreased 10.5% ± 4.1% within SED. Furthermore, 24 weeks of exercise induced changes in the compliance measures between EX and SED. In addition, within EX muscle strength, exercise tolerance and lean tissue mass improved, whereas these remained stable within SED. In conclusion, BDNF concentration of persons with RRMS was lower compared to HCs and increased after 24 weeks of exercise in persons with MS, compared to the non-exercise MS control group.

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Antidepressive Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of the Preclinical and Clinical Literature.

Emerging data suggest that Electro-Convulsive Treatment (ECT) may reduce depressive symptoms by increasing the expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). Yet, conflicting findings have been reported. For this reason we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the preclinical and clinical literature on the association between ECT treatment (ECS in animals) and changes in BDNF concentrations and their effect on behavior. In addition, regional brain expression of BDNF in mouse and human brains were compared using Allen Brain Atlas. ECS, over sham, increased BDNF mRNA and protein in animal brain (effect size [Hedge’s g]: 0.38―0.54; 258 effect-size estimates, N = 4,284) but not in serum (g = 0.06, 95% CI = -0.05―0.17). In humans, plasma but not serum BDNF increased following ECT (g = 0.72 vs. g = 0.14; 23 effect sizes, n = 281). The gradient of the BDNF increment in animal brains corresponded to the gradient of the BDNF gene expression according to the Allen brain atlas. Effect-size estimates were larger following more ECT sessions in animals (r = 0.37, P < .0001) and in humans (r = 0.55; P = 0.05). There were some indications that the increase in BDNF expression was associated with behavioral changes in rodents, but not in humans. We conclude that ECS in rodents and ECT in humans increase BDNF concentrations but this is not consistently associated with changes in behavior.