Changes In Hematological Parameters Research Articles

The impact of everolimus on hematologic parameters in patients with renal angiomyolipoma associated with tuberous sclerosis complex

BackgroundEverolimus is an effective treatment for renal angiomyolipoma associated with TSC (TSC-RAML). However, its impact on hematologic parameters in TSC-RAML patients remains unclear.MethodsHematologic data were collected from TSC-RAML patients undergoing everolimus treatment in two registered clinical trials. Dynamic changes in hematologic parameters during treatment were analyzed. Additionally, we also explored variations in hematologic impact based on gender and age within the patient population.ResultA total of 55 patients from the two clinical trials are included in this analysis. Hemoglobin, white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, neutrophils, and platelet showed significant decreases during everolimus treatment (P < 0.05). However, the decline in hemoglobin, WBC, and neutrophils attenuated by the 12th month (P ≥ 0.05). Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) increased significantly during everolimus treatment (P < 0.05), and these increases persisted throughout the year-long treatment. Hemoglobin decreased significantly more in male patients (− 15 vs − 6, P = 0.010), and AST showed a more significant increase in males (7.0 vs 3.0, P = 0.041). Platelet counts decreased significantly more in younger patients (≤ 30 years old) compared to older patients (− 50 vs − 14, P = 0.020).ConclusionEverolimus administration in TSC-RAML patients may increase hematologic risks, with male and younger patients potentially exhibiting greater susceptibility to these effects.

Critical Roles of IL-40 and IL-41 in the Determination of the Severity of Hydatid Cyst Infection in Iraqi Patients

Background: Hydatid cystic disease is a serious public health concern worldwide, and the link between the intermediate host (human) and parasite is important to the disease's etiology and severity. Objective: Determine the levels of IL-40 and IL-41 in the serum of Iraqi patients infected with hydatid disease, as well as their function in disease severity. Methods: The quantified ELISA was used to assess the levels of IL-40 and IL-41 in serum from 35 persons in Baghdad, Iraq, who had been diagnosed with hydatid cysts and were undergoing surgery to remove them. In addition, control samples from forty healthy individuals were taken for comparison purposes. Results: The patients' ages ranged from 8 to 63. Females had higher infection rates than males. Rural areas have a higher rate of infection than urban areas. The lungs and liver were the most severely injured. The majority of lung infections resulted in coughs and chest discomfort, whereas liver damage resulted in stomach pain as well as substantial changes in hematological parameters (white blood cells, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate), liver enzyme, and C-reactive protein in patients compared to controls. Patients had lower IL-40 levels than the control group, but significantly higher IL-41 levels (p&lt;0.05) than healthy controls. Conclusions: Patients with hydatid cysts showed higher serum levels of IL-41 and lower levels of IL-40, which may correlate with disease severity and act as biomarkers for chronic hydatid cyst infection.

Acute and Sub-acute Oral Toxicity Studies of an Aqueous Extract of Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae) in the Mouse Mus Musculus

Ocimum gratissimum is a medicinal plant that is widely used in the world, and has multiple uses in traditional medicine, including the treatment of epilepsy in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity of decoction of Ocimum gratissimum leaves in Mus musculus mice. For the acute toxicity test, a single dose of 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg of extract was administered orally to randomly selected to mice; then they were observed for 14 days. In the subacute study, the extract was administered orally daily to mice of both sexes at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight during the 28 days of the experiment. finally, Body weight was measured weekly, haematological, biochemical and histological analysis were performed. The aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum did not cause any mortality or significant changes in relative animal and organ weights during the acute and subacute tests at all doses. Few significant changes in food and water intake were observed at the dose of 1000 mg/kg. The highest dose of aqueous extract (2000 mg/kg) administered orally in the acute toxicity did not induce mortality. There were no significant changes in haematological parameters in the different batches treated. Therefore, the oral aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum did not produce any adverse side effects compared to the control group (distiller water) in the acute and subacute study. We can therefore conclude that Ocimum gratissimum can be considered safe in oral administration at the dose tested since it did not cause lethality or undesirable effects in general behaviour in white mice.

Sex-related differences in toxic manifestations induced by Bothrops atrox venom in mice

Lancehead snakes of the genus Bothrops are responsible for 90% of the snakebites in Latin America. The objective of this study was to assess the LD50, physical, and hematological manifestations induced by B. atrox venom in male and female mice inoculated by different routes. B. atrox venom was inoculated in male and female mice by intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), intravenous (IV), and intraperitoneal (IP) routes. B. atrox venom LD50 was lower in male than female groups, regardless of the injection route. However, it was the lowest when the venom was inoculated by the IP route. Moreover, comparisons between male and female responses according to the injected venom dose showed higher edema-forming, local hemorrhagic, dermonecrotic, and myotoxic activities in male than in female mice. While the minimal hemorrhagic, and necrotic doses were not statistically different between the two groups, the difference between males and females was more pronounced at high venom doses. Hematological parameter changes were also more significant in male than in female mice. The venom decreased the levels of total leukocytes after 24 h of injection in male and female mice, with a more profound decrease in the male group. The micronucleus test, a tool for genotoxicity assessment, documented the mutagenic effects of B. atrox on leucocytes. We demonstrate the higher susceptibility of male mice to B. atrox venom than females. Sex differences must be considered when conducting experimental studies on snake venoms.

Microplastics accumulation in gut and revealing their impacts on nutritional quality and health of freshwater carp, Catla catla

The widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic ecosystems raises concerns about their potential harm to aquatic life, particularly fish, which are a vital source of protein for human consumption. It emphasizes the importance of examining their occurrence and impacts. The focus of this study was to find out deleterious effects of polylactic acid MPs (PLA-MPs) on the Catla catla fingerlings by observing their growth, body composition, digestibility, histopathology, blood health, and mineral analysis. Utilizing sunflower meal (SFM) as the basal diet, six test diets were formulated, incorporating distinct MP concentrations: control (no MPs), 0.5 %, 1 %, 1.5 %, 2 %, and 2.5 %. These test diets were tested in three replicates of 15 fingerlings per tank and fed at 5 % equivalent of their live wet body weight for 90 days. After exposure to 2.5 % MPs, C. catla, fingerlings showed a significant decline in growth rate and feed utilization. Increased FCR and decreased WG (g) were observed in 2.5 % PLA-MPs. As MP levels increased, nutrient digestibility and minerals content decreased. PLA-MPs increased body fat and moisture, but decreased protein and ash content. MP exposure leads to significant changes in hematological parameters, including decreased RBCs, Hb, PLT, PCV, and MCHC, and increased WBCs, MCH, and MCV. Furthermore, histopathological examination of the gut showed increased intestinal abnormalities at the 2.5 % PLA-MPs concentration. This study underscored the adverse effects of PLA-MP pollution on the overall health performance of C. catla fingerlings.

Recombinant erythropoietin for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: A systematic review.

Treatment options for severe, refractory iron deficiency anemia are limited in pregnancy. To review the available literature on the use of recombinant erythropoietin in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. An electronic search of seven databases from inception to March 2022 was performed using a combination of keywords. We included all randomized controlled or observational studies of pregnant patients with iron deficiency anemia who received recombinant erythropoietin or control. The primary outcome was a change in hematologic parameters (hemoglobin or hematocrit) after treatment. Studies were appraised using the criteria outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Data were summarized using narrative synthesis and descriptive statistics as appropriate. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022313328. Of 234 studies screened, five studies met the inclusion criteria and had sufficient data for analysis (n = 103 recombinant erythropoietin and n = 104 controls). All patients in the intervention group received iron supplementation (intravenous or oral) in addition to recombinant erythropoietin. All patients in the control group received iron supplementation (intravenous or oral) alone. As the result of variance between studies in inclusion criteria, the timing of repeat blood draws, and data reporting, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Three studies found that serial recombinant erythropoietin combined with iron supplementation was more effective at raising hematologic laboratory parameters (hemoglobin or hematocrit) than iron alone. One study reported no difference in hemoglobin or hematocrit levels between groups at day 28. However, patients in this study only received one dose of recombinant erythropoietin, whereas those in the other studies received serial doses. Another study also found no difference in hemoglobin levels by day 28, but patients in the recombinant erythropoietin group had lower hemoglobin levels at baseline and a more rapid rise in hemoglobin than iron alone. This is demonstrated by a more significant rise in hemoglobin at day 11 in the recombinant erythropoietin group than in the control group. Serial recombinant erythropoietin administration and iron supplementation may be more effective at treating refractory iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy than iron supplementation alone.

Paravertebral block with lignocaine-bupivacaine mixture in goats

Loco-regional anaesthesia and sedation protocols are becoming more popular in ruminant. This research compared some effects of xylazine or acepromazine in combination with lignocaine-bupivacaine mixture for paravertebral nerve block in goats. Twenty adult, apparently healthy West African Dwarf goats were randomly allocated to two groups (five males and five females each). Each group received either xylazine (0.05 mg/kg) + 2 % lignocaine (2mg/kg) – 0.5 % bupivacaine (0.95 mg/kg) mixture (XLB) or acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) + lignocaine-bupivacaine mixture (ALB). Clinical parameters were recorded immediately (0 minutes) and at 10-minute intervals for an hour and 24 hours. Venipuncture was carried out via jugular vein for haematology before administration of drug (B0), 30 minutes (B30), 60 minutes (B60) and 24 hours (B24). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented as mean and standard deviation at a significance level of 0.05. The onset of deep sedation following administration of acepromazine was 31.5 ± 0.97, while it was 2.90 ± 0.57 for xylazine. Acepromazine significantly (P &lt; 0.05) reduced the rectal temperatures (RT) of the goats within the first 20 minutes and significantly reduced the respiratory rates of the goats when compared to xylazine. None of the drugs significantly altered the heart rate of the goats. None of the changes in haematological parameters was statistically significant across the sampling time frame. However, red cell parameters (Packed cell volume, red blood cell count, and haemoglobin concentration) and Lymphocyte count were significantly depressed after XLB administration. All the haematological changes were restored to pre-anaesthetic values after 24hours. This study demonstrates that xylazine can be a beneficial alternative and desirable for emergencies in minor ruminant sedation.

Biosafety assessment and In vitro antioxidant activity of Musanga cecropioides root sap

The present study evaluated the biosafety and in vitro antioxidant activity of Musanga cecropioides root sap, a traditional remedy known for its health benefits. The sap was found to be rich in bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and phenols, confirming existing literature. Proximate analysis revealed high moisture, fat, and protein content, alongside significant levels of essential vitamins and amino acids, indicating potential nutritional and therapeutic benefits. Acute toxicity assessments in mice demonstrated safety at doses up to 100 ml/kg, while the sub-acute toxicity assessment using rats showed no significant changes in haematological parameters or liver and kidney function markers. Histological examinations showed minor, non-significant alterations in liver and lung tissues. Antioxidant assays (DPPH and ABTS) revealed considerable radical scavenging activities, attributed to the presence of known antioxidant compounds. These findings support the traditional use of Musanga cecropioides root sap, highlighting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent. Further research is recommended to explore its mechanisms and clinical efficacy, paving the way for its development into a standardized natural remedy.

Blood Viscosity Changes in Diabetes Mellitus: A 20-Year Bibliometric Review and Future Directions.

Changes in hematological parameters due to diabetes are reflected in changes in whole blood viscosity (WBV). Understanding the impact of diabetes and its cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications can provide substantiation of how laboratory tests for WBV are useful to monitor the progression and treatment.The review examines research work done in the past 20 years to provide a framework for the present agenda. This was a narrative review that followed the standard Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) approach. It includes both conceptual and empirical reviews. WBV was appraised in the context of bibliographic research on diabetes and other related factors such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) and oxidative stress. The association of abnormal erythrocytes as well as the relationship between WBV and MetS is established. Changes in diabetes that contribute to the development of diabetic cardiovascular complications occur through the pathway of WBV physiology. However, longitudinal analysis is very limited. There is a dearth of longitudinal study data on WBV in diabetes management. This lack of data justifies a need for further studies, especially prospective and retrospective analysis, to investigate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus about the prevalence of cardiovascular complications indices, especially estimated WBV (eWBV) between periods and within cohorts.

Dynamic Assessment of Hematological Parameters as Predictive Biomarkers for Disease Severity and Prognosis in COVID-19 Patients: A Longitudinal Study.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hematological abnormalities are common in COVID-19 patients and play a significant role in disease pathogenesis and prognosis. This study aimed to longitudinally monitor hematological parameters in COVID-19 patients and investigate their predictive value for disease severity and prognosis. A prospective longitudinal design was employed to enroll 121 adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 based on positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results. Baseline demographic and clinical data were collected, and hematological parameters, including complete blood count (CBC) indices, inflammatory markers, and coagulation profiles, were measured at predefined time points during hospitalization or outpatient visits. Follow-up assessments were conducted longitudinally to monitor the disease progression and clinical outcomes. This study revealed dynamic changes in hematological parameters over the course of COVID-19. Hemoglobin levels showed a decrease from baseline (mean ± SD: 12.5 ± 1.8 g/dL) to the peak of illness (10.2 ± 2.0 g/dL), indicating the development of anemia during the acute phase of infection. White blood cell counts demonstrated an initial increase (8.9 ± 3.2 × 10^9/L) followed by a decline (5.4 ± 1.9 × 10^9/L) as the disease progressed, suggesting an early inflammatory response followed by immune suppression. The platelet counts fluctuated, with a decrease observed during the acute phase (190 ± 50 × 10^9/L) and subsequent recovery during convalescence (240 ± 60 × 10^9/L). Inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, were elevated, peaking at 120 and 150 pg/mL, respectively, indicating systemic inflammation. Coagulation profiles showed abnormalities suggestive of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, including elevated D-dimer levels (mean ± SD: 3.5 ± 1.2 µg/mL) and prolonged prothrombin time (15.8 ± 2.5 seconds). Longitudinal analysis of hematological parameters revealed associations between disease severity and clinical outcomes, with certain abnormalities correlating with an increased risk of complications and a poor prognosis. This study highlights the importance of monitoring hematological parameters in COVID-19 patients for risk stratification, prognostication, and guiding therapeutic interventions.

Nescafé coffee caused changes in hematological parameters of alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats

This study investigated the effect of Nescafe coffee on the haematological parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Thirty male Wistar rats of body weight between 150 and 260 g were used for the study. They were divided randomly into five groups of six rats each. The 24 rats in groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were alloxanized with 120 mg/kg of alloxan (intraperitoneally) and were confirmed diabetic before the commencement of the experiment. Group 1 rats (control) received feed and water, group 2 (diabetic rats) received 1.5 ml of 0.9% normal saline, group 3 received 500 mg/kg of Nescafe coffee extract, group 4 received 800 mg/kg of Nescafe coffee extract, while group 5 received 5 mg/kg of glibenclamide. After 28 days of experiment, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected from the rats via cardiac puncture for haematological tests. Fasting blood glucose level was determined weekly via tail puncture using a glucometer and readings were recorded. The result for RBC showed a significant decrease (P &lt; 0.05) in groups 2 and 4 compared to group 5. PCV result showed a significant decrease (P &lt; 0.05) in group 4 compared to group 5. The MCH and MCHC result showed a significant increase (P &lt; 0.001) in group 3, compared with group 5.There was also a significant decrease (P &lt; 0.001) in group 2, group 4 and group 5, compared with group 1 (control). The haemoglobin, MCV, WBC count, lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte counts, MPV, and ESR, result showed no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in all other groups when compared with group 1 and group 5. There was a significant decrease (P &lt; 0.05) in the platelet count of the animals in groups 2 and 4 when compared with the control group. Furthermore, a significant decrease (P &lt; 0.001) was noted in the eosinophil count and basophil count (P &lt; 0.01) of the animals in groups 3, 4, and 5 when compared to the control group. On the contrary, a significant increase (P &lt; 0.001) was noted in the eosinophil count and basophil count (P &lt; 0.01) of the animals in group 2 when compared to group 5. In conclusion, the results showed that Nescafe coffee (especially when consumed in high quantity) significantly decreased some of the blood parameters of the diabetic animals.

Changes in hematological parameters when using silver preparations in laboratory ICR mice infected with the Newcastle disease virus

The results of blood tests are important indicators for assessing and monitoring the health status, adaptation processes and metabolic states of the body. Currently, there is insufficient data on the effect of the Newcastle disease virus on peripheral blood parameters in animals, and there is also no information on changes in these parameters during Newcastle disease and the simultaneous use of silver preparations in animals. Although the mechanisms of the antiviral action of silver nanoparticles are not yet fully studied, researches show their effectiveness. The purpose of research was to study changes in hematological parameters with using silver preparations in laboratory ICR mice infected with Newcastle disease virus. The object of the study was the blood of laboratory ICR mice, infected with the Newcastle disease virus, and healthy ones as a control, and also silver preparations: Argosil and ArgovitMaxi. As a result of hematological studies, a significant effect of the Newcastle disease virus on hematological parameters was established. Deviations of the main blood parameters in infected animals were demonstrated: there was an increase in the content of granulocytes, the number of erythrocytes, the hemoglobin content and hematocrit; the number of lymphocytes and the average erythrocytes volume were reduced. It was also found that the use of the preparation Argosil significantly reduces the content of monocytes in ICR mice against the background of Newcastle disease viral infection. The use of the preparation Argovit significantly affects the decrease in monocytes and erythrocyte blood parameters: it increases the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and reduces the average hemoglobin content in an erythrocyte, the average hemoglobin concentration in an erythrocyte.

Biochanin A Has Protective and Therapeutic Effects against Li2CO3-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats Model

BACKGROUND: Long-term usage of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) as treatment of bipolar disorder might cause nephrotoxicity. Li2CO3-induced nephrotoxicity usually treated by renal dialysis, which is quite expensive. Usage of natural products that possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties as biochanin A (BCA) may be useful against Li2CO3 nephrotoxicity. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate Li2CO3 nephrotoxic effects and BCA therapeutic and protective effects against it.METHODS: Twenty-eight rats divided into 4 groups: negative control (NC), Li2CO3, Li2CO3 + BCA therapeutic, and BCA + Li2CO3 protective group. Complete blood picture, serum kidney function tests (urea, creatinine, and cystatin C) and kidney tissue homogenate oxidative stress index as malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. While, kidney histopathological changes were evaluated under light microscope.RESULTS: Li2CO3 administration elicited significant changes in hematological parameters as hypochromic anemia, decreased platelets and leukocytosis. Serum urea, creatinine and cystatin C were elevated. Renal homogenate analysis revealed significant elevation of MDA and decline in GST, CAT, SOD levels. Kidney histopathology analysis revealed hemorrhage between renal tubules, glomerular capillaries congestion, Bowman’s space dilatation, structural alterations in renal tubules cells include loss of brush border, deeply stained nuclei and elevated in size and number of cytoplasmic vacuoles. Therapeutic and protective groups of BCA showed amelioration of hematological alteration, kidney functions, oxidative stress markers and restoration of kidney tissues.CONCLUSION: BCA has both protective and therapeutic effects against Li2CO3-induced nephrotoxicity possibly through the reduction of oxidative stress.KEYWORDS: biochanin A, hematological changes, kidney, lithium carbonate salt, oxidative stress, protective effects, therapeutic effects

The role of hematological parameters in asymptomatic and non-severe cases of Omicron variant infection

BackgroundOmicron variants are currently the predominant circulating lineage worldwide and most cases are mild or asymptomatic. The Omicron variant is characterized by high transmissibility and immune evasion. Early identification of Omicron cases in clinical settings is crucial for controlling its spread. Previous studies have indicated that changes in hematological parameters can be used to predict the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the role of hematological parameters in non-severe and asymptomatic cases remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of hematological parameters in non-severe and asymptomatic Omicron variant infections.MethodsHematological parameters and results were analyzed and compared in symptomatic (n = 356) and asymptomatic (n = 171) groups respectively, and between these two groups with positive COVID-19 tests. The utility of hematological parameters for predicting positive COVID-19 tests was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsIndividuals with non-severe cases exhibited decreased levels of platelets, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes (%), eosinophils (%), and basophils (%), while exhibiting elevated counts of monocytes, neutrophils (%), monocytes (%), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) when compared to suspected cases or asymptomatic carriers. In asymptomatic patients, positive carriers had lower leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts but higher monocyte, monocyte (%), PLR, and CRP levels than negative carriers. Basophil counts combined with lymphocytes or the PLR demonstrated a more significant predictive value in screening non-severe cases earlier compared to other parameters. The combined assessment of the monocyte (%) and the PLR had the highest area under the curve for diagnosing asymptomatic carriers.ConclusionsCirculating basophils, alone or in combination with other hematological parameters, may be used as efficient biomarkers for early screening of non-severe Omicron cases.

Occupational Exposure to Benzene and Changes in Hematological Parameters in East Tripoli, Libya

Occupational Exposure to Benzene and Changes in Hematological Parameters in East Tripoli, Libya

Comparative Analysis of Red Blood Cells and Blood Levels of Iron and Vitamins B12 and B9 in Men Working in Different Climate Zones

Introduction: Vitamin and mineral deficiencies, inter alia, cause changes in hematological parameters. Objective: To compare characteristics of red blood cells and blood levels of iron and vitamins B12 and B9 in men working in different climate zones. Material and methods: In June–July of the years 2022 and 2023, we assessed nutritional patterns and blood parameters characterizing red blood cells and the levels of iron, vitamins B12 and B9 in healthy male military personnel residing in the Arctic (Group 1, n = 51), Subarctic (Group 2, n = 54), and temperate (Group 3, n = 58) climate zones. Results: In the summertime, we established a decreased red blood cell count in 39.4 %, 14.8 %, and 10.3 % of the subjects (20, 8, and 6 men), hematocrit – in 19.6 %, 9.3 %, and 10.3 % (10, 5 and 6 men), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration – in 21.6 %, 16.7 %, and 27.6 % (12, 9, and 16 men), but an increased mean corpuscular volume in 17.8 %, 13.0 %, and 10.3 % (9, 7, and 6 men) and corpuscular hemoglobin – in 11.8 %, 22.2 %, and 24.1 % (6, 12, and 14 men) in the Arctic, Subarctic and temperate zones, respectively. Besides, in the Subarctic and temperate zones, lower hemoglobin was measured in 7.4 % and 10.3 % of the examined (4 and 6 men). We observed vitamin B12 deficiency in 100.0 %, 73.6 %, and 67.2 % (51, 40, and 39 men) and vitamin B9 deficiency – in 89.8 %, 81.2 %, and 44.8 % (46, 44, and 26 men) of the subjects serving in the Arctic, Subarctic and temperate zones, respectively. Signs of anemia in the Arctic and Subarctic residents developed against the background of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency; in the temperate zone, both single and combined cyanocobalamin and folic acid deficiencies were likely. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume up to 100 fL did not exclude the regenerative phase of iron deficiency anemia.

275 Assessment of changes in hemoglobin concentration (Hb) in sows and their offspring over two consecutive reproductive cycles

Abstract There remains a knowledge gap regarding changes in hematological parameters, such as Hb, throughout the reproductive cycle of a sow. The principle aim of this study was to assess Hb concentartions in sows and their offspring over at least two consecutive reproductive cycles. Blood Hb measurements were initiated during the gilt stage and continued through parities 1 and 2, with measurements taken at six time points (d 30, 60, 90, and 112 of gestation; d 2 and 17 of lactation) involving a total of 13 sows. Sow body weight (BW) during gestation was 193.2 ± 38.1 kg for parity 1 and 220.7 ± 26.2 kg for parity 2; in lactation, sow BW was 201.5 ± 14.3 kg for parity 1 and 214.0 ± 19.6 kg for parity 2. Sow daily iron (Fe) intake, based on analyzed Fe content, was 0.621 ± 0.06 g during gestation and 1.79 ± 0.15 g during lactation across parities 1 and 2, which represents more than a 2-fold greater Fe intake than NRC 2012 requirement estimates. All liveborn piglets (n = 204 for parity 1; n = 201 for parity 2) underwent Hb measurements. Blood Hb concentrations were assessed within 24 h of birth before iron supplementation (200 mg iron dextran) and again at 17 d of age. Sows and piglets were classified as either anemic (Hb &amp;lt; 10 g/dL) or non-anemic (Hb ≥ 10 g/dL). Analysis of variance included the main effect of day, parity and their interaction based on Tukey’s comparison. In gestation Hb was less (P = 0.03) at d 90 in parity 1 and at d 90 and 112 in parity 2 (Table 1). Across parity, Hb was less (P = 0.02) at d 60 in parity 2. In lactation, Hb was least (P = 0.0002) at d 17 in parity 1 where sows were deemed anemic; in parity 2, sows were deemed anemic throughout lactation. The total number of piglets born and born alive was 17.15 ± 2.03 and 16.0 ± 1.9, respectively, for parity 1, and 17.0 ± 3.11 and 15.85 ± 2.41, respectively, for parity 2. Regardless of parity, piglet Hb was greater (P &amp;lt; 0.02) at weaning compared with birth. However, Hb concentrations were greater (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) at both time points in parity 2 piglets. There was a reduced incidence of anemia at birth (39.1% vs. 59.02%, respectively) and weaning (14.2% vs 36.1%, respectively) among piglets born in parity 2 compared with parity 1. The decline in sow Hb status with parity, particularly in lactation, suggests the need to explore strategies to improve Hb in sows with advancing parity. Alternatively, piglet Hb status improved with parity, indicating a need to modify iron supplementation methods to facilitate greater Hb in parity 1 litters.

Correlations between the degree of infection by wild strain of Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and porcine hematological parameters

The apicomplexa Toxoplasma gondii is capable of actively proliferating in numerous types of nucleated cells, and therefore has a high potential for dissemination and resistance. Thus, the present work aimed to correlate the inoculum concentrations and amount of post-infection parasites with porcine hematological parameters (including biochemistry) through in vitro culture. Porcine blood was incubated with different concentrations of parasites (1.2 × 107, 6/3/1.5 × 106 cells/mL), then the concentrations of red blood cells (RBC) and their morphology, total and differential leukocytes, and free peptides were evaluated. In addition, eight different blood samples analyzed before inoculation, where subsequent multivariate analysis was applied to correlate different variables with trophozoite concentration. The results showed no significant variation (p < 0.05) in the relative levels of free peptides, or the relative percentage of RBC at all the parasite concentrations tested. However, the normalized percentages of leukocytes and neutrophils showed a significant reduction, while those of lymphocytes, eosinophils and monocytes showed the opposite behavior. Semi-automatic processing of images exhibited significant microcytosis and hypochromia. The multivariate analysis revealed a positive correlation between the amount number of protozoa (AP) and the variables: “Red cells” and “Neutrophils”, an indifference between the AP and the content of free peptides, and the concentration of monocytes in the samples; and a negative correlation for AP and the percentages of lymphocytes and eosinophils. Our results suggest that specific changes in hematological parameters may be associated with different degrees of parasitemia, demanding a thorough diagnostic process and adequate treatment.

Association of hematological parameters on polymorphisms of HFE gene (rs1800562, rs1800730, rs1799945) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Background. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its associated metabolic syndrome are one of the most common chronic liver diseases among adults worldwide. One of the reasons associated with unfavorable course may be an abnormalities of iron metabolism associated with of fatty liver degeneration, caused by the presence of a certain polymorphic locus of the HFE gene.&#x0D; Aim. Study the dependence of changes in hematological parameters on HFE gene polymorphisms among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with metabolic syndrome and normal body weight.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study included 173 patients, of which 85 people had NAFLD and normal body weight, 88 people had NAFLD and metabolic syndrome. All patients underwent genotyping of the rs1800562, rs1800730, rs1799945 polymorphisms of the HFE gene, as well as assessment of hematological parameters. Statistical analysis was performed out using the Statistica 10 package.&#x0D; Results. Patients with NAFLD and normal body weight were characterized by the presence of the AT genotype of the rs1800730 polymorphism and the CG and GG genotypes of the rs1799945 polymorphism. In patients with NAFLD and metabolic syndrome, genotypes AA and TT of the rs1800730 polymorphism and CC of the rs1799945 polymorphism were more common.&#x0D; Changes in hematological parameters were noted in both groups. In patients with normal body weight, an increase in ESR and monocytosis was observed. Patients with metabolic syndrome had anemia, increased ESR and pancytopenia.&#x0D; Conclusion. Patients with NAFLD and normal body weight are characterized by the AT genotypes of the rs1800730 polymorphism and the CG and GG genotypes of the rs1799945 polymorphism. In patients with metabolic syndrome, variants of the AA polymorphism rs1800730 and CC polymorphism rs1799945 are more common. The rs1800562 polymorphism did not show significant differences in prevalence when compared between groups.&#x0D; In patients with normal body weight, changes in hematological parameters are less pronounced, an increase in ESR and monocytosis is noted. In patients with metabolic syndrome, on the contrary, disturbances in hematological parameters are more pronounced; panleukopenia, increased ESR, and anemia are noted.&#x0D; The changes we discovered may be evidence that in patients with NAFLD and normal body weight, steatosis and chronic inflammation predominated, and in patients with metabolic syndrome and NAFLD, steatohepatitis, which has a negative effect on organ systems. One of the risk factors for its development was the AA genotype of the rs800730 polymorphism and the CC genotype of the rs1799945 polymorphism.

Dependence of hematological parameters on the microbiota of the nasal mucosa in chronic rhinitis

Relevance. Chronic rhinitis is one of the most common otorhinolaryngological diseases. We assume that dysbiosis of the nasal mucosa depends on the phenotype of chronic rhinitis and affects hematological characteristics.&#x0D; Aim. Study of the hematological parameters dependence from the microbiota of the nasal mucosa in patients with various forms of chronic rhinitis.&#x0D; Material and methods. The examination groups included 45 patients with chronic allergic rhinitis (CAlR), 49 patients with chronic vasomotor rhinitis (CVR), 32 patients with chronic atrophic rhinitis (CAR), 39 patients with chronic infectious rhinitis (CIR) and 40 people from the control group. The subjects with chronic rhinitis, as well as the control group, underwent bacteriological examination of the nasal mucosa and assessment of hematological parameters. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica 10 package.&#x0D; Results. The microbiome of the nasal mucosa is characterized by 100% infection with infectious agents in CIR, while fungal flora was detected in 1/3 of cases. The microbiological features of the nasal mucosa in CVR corresponded to the control, in CAR rhinitis - predominantly the growth of Klebsiella spp., in CIR - Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Neisseriae spp., Escherichia spp. Hematological features manifested themselves depending on the form of chronic rhinitis. The greatest number of changes in blood parameters is found in CIR and CAR, less in CAlR, no changes were detected in CVR. The greatest dysbiosis of the nasal mucosa in CIR, the abundant growth of microorganisms of the genus Klebsiella spp in CAR corresponds to the largest number of changes in hematological parameters, and CVR is characterized by the absence of changes in hematological parameters, despite the fact that the microbiological characteristics of the nasal mucosa corresponded to the control.&#x0D; Conclusion. The microbiota of the nasal mucosa in healthy people and patients from the groups with CAlR, CVR and CAR is represented by a combination of coccal and rod-shaped flora, with the exception of CIR, in which representatives of the fungal flora are identified. Pathogenetically significant is the identification of representatives of Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Neisseriae spp., Escherichia spp. in CIR, and Klebsiella spp. in CAR. Most hematological changes are detected in chronic atrophic and infectious rhinitis.