Champagne Glasses Research Articles

The tibial capsular reflection and septum in posterior compartment are safe and reliable soft-tissue landmark for tibial tunnel drilling in posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

To investigate the validity of using tibial capsular reflection and septum in the posterior compartment as landmark during posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction (PCLR). Anatomic measurements were obtained for 12 fresh human cadaveric knee specimens to observe the spatial position of the tibial insertion of the PCL in relation to the posterior septum and the capsular reflection in the posterior compartment. Sixty patients who underwent reconstruction of the PCL between 2020 and 2023 were also retrospectively investigated. The tibial tunnel was replaced in all patients using the same method (with reference to the tibial capsular reflection and the posterior septum). The placement of the tibial tunnel was assessed using X-ray fluoroscopy intraoperatively and computed tomography and three-dimensional reconstruction postoperatively. All fibres in the tibial insertion of the PCL in the 12 cadaveric specimens were located in the posteromedial compartment, adjacent to the posterior septum. The inferior border of the PCL insertion is adjacent to the tibial capsular reflection, which is attached at the champagne glass drop-off of the posterior tibia. In our previous cases, none of the patients experienced postoperative or intraoperative complications such as neurovascular injury, and the angle between the pin and the PCL facet was 93.1 ± 3.9° as measured on intraoperative radiographs. The mean distance from the centre of the tibial tunnel outlet to the inferior border of the PCL insertion was 5.6 ± 1.1 mm, and the distance from the centre of the tibial tunnel outlet to the outer border of the PCL insertion as a percentage of the length of the inferior border of PCL insertion was 42.2 ± 6.3%. The tibial capsular reflection and septum in the posterior compartment are safe and reliable soft-tissue landmark for tibial tunnel drilling in PCLR. Level Ⅳ.

A modified anatomical posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction technique using the posterior septum and posterior capsule as landmarks to position the low tibial tunnel

BackgroundLowering the exit position of the tibial tunnel can improve the clinical efficacy of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction, however, there is no unified positioning standard. This study aimed to use novel soft tissue landmarks to create a low tunnel.MethodsA total of 14 human cadaveric knees and 12 patients with PCL injury were included in this study. Firstly, we observed the anatomical position between the PCL, posterior septum, and other tissue, and evaluated the relationship between the center of the low tibial tunnel (SP tunnel) and posterior septum and distal reflection of posterior capsule, and using computed tomography (CT) to evaluate distance between the center of the SP tunnel with bony landmarks. Then, evaluated the blood vessels content in the posterior septum with HE staining. Finally, observed the posterior septum and distal reflection of the posterior capsule under arthroscopy to explore the clinical feasibility of creating a low tibial tunnel, and assessed the risk of surgery by using ultrasound to detect the distance between the popliteal artery and the posterior edge of tibial plateau bone cortex.ResultsIn all 14 cadaveric specimens, the PCL tibial insertions were located completely within the posterior medial compartment of the knee. The distance between the center of the SP tunnel and the the articular surface of tibial plateau was 9.4 ± 0.4 mm. All SP tunnels retained an intact posterior wall, which was 1.6 ± 0.3 mm from the distal reflection of the posterior capsule. The distances between the center of the SP tunnel and the the articular surface of tibial plateau, the champagne glass drop-off were 9.2 ± 0.4 mm (ICC: 0.932, 95%CI 0.806–0.978) and 1.5 ± 0.2 mm (ICC:0.925, 95%CI 0.788–0.975) in CT image. Compared with the posterior capsule, the posterior septum contained more vascular structures. Last, all 12 patients successfully established low tibial tunnels under arthroscopy, and the distance between the posterior edge of tibial plateau bone cortex and the popliteal artery was 7.8 ± 0.3, 9.4 ± 0.4 and 7.4 ± 0.3 mm at 30°, 60° and 90° flexion angels after filling with water and supporting with shaver in posterior-medial compartment of knee joint.ConclusionsA modified low tibial tunnel could be established in the PCL anatomical footprint by using the posterior septum and posterior capsule as landmarks.

2-Month-old Baby with Pneumonia and Accidentally Found “Champagne Glass Pelvic” Sign, Suspected Achondroplasia: A Case Report

2-Month-old Baby with Pneumonia and Accidentally Found “Champagne Glass Pelvic” Sign, Suspected Achondroplasia: A Case Report

Echocardiographic diagnosis of rupture of mitral valve papillary muscle

ObjectiveTo explore the value of echocardiography in diagnosing papillary muscle rupture (PMR) of the mitral valve, and summarize the characteristic echocardiographic features of different types. MethodsEchocardiograms of 13 PMR patients confirmed by surgery in Wuhan Union Hospital between January 2009 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed and their preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was compared with surgical findings. ResultsA total of 9020 patients underwent mitral valve repair or replacement surgery during the study period including 13 (0.14%) for PMR. Of the 13 PMRs, 8 cases were partial PMR(P-PMR), 5 cases were complete PMR(C-PMR); 3 cases were anterolateral PMR, and 10 were posteromedial PMR. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the preoperative TTE were 99.9%, 53.8% and 99.9% respectively. Echocardiographic features of 10 patients (5-C-PMR and 5 P-PMR) with detailed TTE and intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) data included: both anterior and posterior leaflets prolapse (C-PMR 60% vs P-PMR 60%); flail leaflet (C-PMR100% vs P-PMR 40%); All C-PMRs and P-PMRs have severe, eccentric and lateral regurgitation; flail attachment (chordae tendinae and ruptured PM) at the tip of prolapsed leaflet (C-PMR100% vs P-PMR 60%); high-echo masses resembled “champagne glasses” in 100% of the C-PMR; high-echo masses resembled “lotus-seedpod” in 60% and “dumbbell-shaped” torn PM in remaining 40% of the P-PMR. ConclusionsDifferent PMR subtypes have different echocardiographic characteristics. Combining TTE and TEE can accurately identify the typical features of PMR such as ipsilateral hemipetal leaflet prolapse, high-echoic mass at the tip of the leaflet, massive eccentricity and lateral regurgitation.

Conical focusing: mechanism for singular jetting from collapsing drop-impact craters

Fast microjets can emerge out of liquid pools from the rebounding of drop-impact craters, or when a bubble bursts at its surface. The fastest jets are the narrowest and are a source of aerosols both from the ocean and from a glass of champagne, of importance to climate and the olfactory senses. The most singular jets, which we observe experimentally at a maximum velocity of $137\pm 4\ {\rm m}\ {\rm s}^{-1}$ and a diameter of $12\ \mathrm {\mu }{\rm m}$ , under reduced ambient pressure, are produced when a small dimple forms at the crater bottom and rebounds without pinching off a small bubble. The radial collapse and rebounding of this dimple is purely inertial, but highly sensitive to initial conditions. High-resolution numerical simulations reveal a new focusing mechanism, which drives the fastest jet within a converging conical channel, where an entrained air sheet provides effective slip at the outer boundary of the conically converging flow into the jet. This configuration bypasses any viscous cutoff of the jetting speed and explains the extreme sensitivity to initial conditions observed in detailed experiments of the phenomenon.

Rhapsody in Turquoise

Rhapsody in Turquoise

An Infrared Laser Sensor for Monitoring Gas-Phase CO2 in the Headspace of Champagne Glasses under Wine Swirling Conditions

In wine tasting, tasters commonly swirl their glasses before inhaling the headspace above the wine. However, the consequences of wine swirling on the chemical gaseous headspace inhaled by tasters are barely known. In champagne or sparkling wine tasting, starting from the pouring step, gas-phase carbon dioxide (CO) is the main gaseous species that progressively invades the glass headspace. We report the development of a homemade orbital shaker to replicate wine swirling and the upgrade of a diode laser sensor (DLS) dedicated to monitoring gas-phase CO in the headspace of champagne glasses under swirling conditions. We conduct a first overview of gas-phase CO monitoring in the headspace of a champagne glass, starting from the pouring step and continuing for the next 5 min, with several 5 s swirling steps to replicate the natural orbital movement of champagne tasters. The first results show a sudden drop in the CO concentration in the glass headspace, probably triggered by the liquid wave traveling along the glass wall following the action of swirling the glass.

Does the Skeletal Phenotype of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Differ for Patients With Non-COL1A1/2 Mutations? A Retrospective Study in 113 Patients.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable disease characterized by bone fragility and other extra skeletal manifestations. Most patients with OI have mutations in the COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes. However, a significant minority of patients with clinical OI have non-COL1A1/2 mutations, which have become easier to detect with the use of genetic panels. Traditional understanding of OI pathogenesis was expanded because of these new mutations, and their phenotypic-genotypic relationship is largely unknown. We hypothesized that patients with non-COL1A1/2 mutations have different skeletal clinical presentations from those with OI caused by COL1A1/2 mutations. Patients were categorized into 4 groups according to our modified functional classification, namely, quantitative COL1A1/2 haploinsufficiency (group 1), qualitative COL1A1/2 dominant negative mutations (group 2), mutations indirectly affecting type I collagen synthesis, processing and posttranslational modification (group 3) and mutations altering osteoblast differentiation and function (group 4). Both group 3 and 4 were classified as non-COL1A1/2 mutation group. Of 113 OI patients included, 51 had COL1A1/2 quantitative haploinsufficiency mutations (group 1), 39 had COL1A1/2 qualitative dominant negative mutations (group 2), and 23 patients had OI caused by mutations in 1 of 9 other noncollagen genes (groups 3/4). Patients with non-COL1A1/2 mutations (groups 3 and 4) have severe skeletal presentations. Specifically, OI patients with non-COL1A1/2 mutations experienced more perinatal fractures, vertebral compression fractures and had more long bone deformities. Although the occurrence of scoliosis was similar, the cobb angle was larger in the non-COL1A1/2 mutation group. Radial head dislocations, ossification of interosseous membrane, extraskeletal ossification, cervical kyphosis, and champagne glass deformity of the pelvis were more frequent in this group. The clinical phenotype of OI in patients with non-COL1A1/2 is severe and has unique features. This information is useful for clinical diagnosis and prognosis. Level III.

Feeling into Paula Dawson’s Holograms

This article discusses the Australian artist Paula Dawson’s (b. 1954) landmark work of art holography To Absent Friends (1989), a triptych of an empty bar, devoid of life except for streamers and abandoned champagne glasses cluttering the countertops. The largest analog holograms ever made, Dawson’s work pushes the limits of holography in both scale and subject matter. By attending to the experiential aspects of Dawson’s holograms––the interplay of looking, touching, and moving that they elicit––I situate holography within a longer history of art and aesthetic experience than is typically lent to this medium. By extension, I consider the relationship between the optic and haptic senses in both making and viewing holograms, which recall earlier artforms and theories of haptic viewing. I emphasize holography’s similarities to relief sculpture and trompe l’oeil painting and draw on ancient theories of extramission as well as nineteenth-century aesthetic empathy (Einfühlung, or feeling-into) to discuss the haptic sensation and somatic movement activated by these elusive images. I suggest that holographic images draw the beholder into a dynamic, bodily, and intersubjective relationship that happens in neither virtual nor real space-time but somewhere between the two. While viewers are denied physical entry into the virtual space of the holographic image, by feeling into the image and acting on their tactile impulse in real space, they effectively collapse the distinction between what is real and what is virtual. While Dawson’s holograms are not moving images, I suggest they are animated images that move their viewers, both physically and emotionally.

Nonsurgical treatment of intussusception in pediatric patient

Purpose: In this study, to show that the pre-diagnosis of intussusception should be kept in mind if there is a suspicious appearance in the abdominal X-ray in pediatric patients with intermittent abdominal pain or discomfort in the form of colic, even though there is no rectal bleeding and bile vomiting. Material and methods: In this retrospective, single-center, cross-sectional descriptive study, we examined the records of 33 patients who were followed up due to intussusception between the ages of 0-18 at Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine Pediatric Surgery Clinic between September 2017 and September 2020. Patients were evaluated in terms of demographic data, hospital admission times, data on imaging methods, pneumatic reduction and surgery. Results: The average age was 37.4±18.8 months. The time from the onset of the patients' complaints to admission to the hospital was 57.3±66.1 hours. 10 patients had ileus findings on abdominal radiography. 30 patients had the image of a champagne glass, typical of intussusception. Ultrasonography showed mesentery lymphadenopathy in 20 patients, and leading point in 3 patients. Ultrasonography of 1 patient was normal, but when the abdominal radiography of this patient was evaluated, there was a suspicion for intussusception. When this patient was evaluated under fluoroscopy and pneumotic reduction was performed. 3 patients who had leading point. Meckel's diverticulum was detected in 1 of 3 patients, Burkitt's lymphoma in 1, and neurofibroma in 1. Conclusion: Pneumatic reduction is more preferred as it is a method that the surgeon can do in the operating room, under fluoroscopy and alone. Another advantage of trying pneumatic reduction under fluoroscopy in the operating room is to try the nonoperative technique in a controlled manner in patients with ileus findings and late arrivals.

New Editions of The Great Gatsby

<i>New Editions of</i> The Great Gatsby

Recent Progress in the Analytical Chemistry of Champagne and Sparkling Wines.

The strong interplay between the various parameters at play in a bottle and in a glass of champagne or sparkling wine has been the subject of study for about two decades. After a brief overview of the history of champagne and sparkling wines, this article presents the key steps involved in the traditional method leading to the production of premium modern-day sparkling wines, with a specific focus on quantification of the dissolved CO2 found in the sealed bottles and in a glass. Moreover, a review of the literature on the various chemical and instrumental approaches used in the analysis of dissolved and gaseous CO2, effervescence, foam, and volatile organic compounds is reported.

Fabricating Effervescence

This paper explores the fabrication, managing, and defending of the “champagne bubble” during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Bringing together heterogenous elements – material, cultural, economic, political, legal, mythical – champagne is a powerful symbol and extremely valuable brand. I show how the champagne bubble is both fragile and rigid, both needing to be actively defended, and capable of rising from the ashes of wars as well as economic crises. Just as the bubbles in a champagne glass are influenced by numerous forces, so the metaphorical champagne bubble is subject to complex influences. Some of these are explored in this paper.

How Does Gas-Phase CO2 Evolve in the Headspace of Champagne Glasses?

The chemical space perceived by a consumer of champagne or other sparkling wines is progressively modified all along tasting. Real-time monitoring of gas-phase CO2 concentration was performed, through a CO2-diode laser sensor, along a two-dimensional array of nine points in the headspace of three types of glasses poured with champagne. Two original glasses with distinct headspace volumes were compared with the standard INAO tasting glass. For each of the three glass types, a kind of temperature-dependent CO2 fingerprint was revealed and discussed as a function of the glass geometry and headspace volume. Moreover, a simple model was developed, which considers the rate of decrease of the concentration of gas-phase CO2 in the headspace of a glass after the pouring process as being mainly ruled by natural air convection in ambient air. The timescale which controls the rate of decrease of gas-phase CO2 was found to highly depend on the ratio of the headspace volume to the open aperture of the glass.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a Tool for Investigating Self-Organized Ascending Bubble-Driven Flow Patterns in Champagne Glasses.

Champagne glasses are subjected to complex ascending bubble-driven flow patterns, which are believed to enhance the release of volatile organic compounds in the headspace above the glasses. Based on the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used in order to examine how a column of ascending bubbles nucleated at the bottom of a classical champagne glass can drive self-organized flow patterns in the champagne bulk and at the air/champagne interface. Firstly, results from two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric simulations were compared with a set of experimental data conducted through particle image velocimetry (PIV). Secondly, a three-dimensional (3D) model was developed by using the conventional volume-of-fluid (VOF) multiphase method to resolve the interface between the mixture’s phases (wine–air). In complete accordance with several experimental observations conducted through laser tomography and PIV techniques, CFD revealed a very complex flow composed of surface eddies interacting with a toroidal flow that develops around the ascending bubble column.

A first step towards the mapping of gas-phase CO2 in the headspace of champagne glasses

Key upgrades to a previously developed CO2-Diode Laser Sensor (CO2-DLS) were done to monitor as accurately as possible the level of gas-phase CO2 in champagne glasses. The upgraded CO2-DLS allows to access a wide range of CO2 concentrations (10–100%). An additional set of mirrors with two pairs of galvanometer scanners was developed in order to provide simultaneous measurements of gas-phase CO2 concentrations in the whole glass headspace. During the five minutes after pouring, the CO2-DLS unambiguously unveiled horizontal homogeneity in the glass headspace in terms of gas-phase CO2 concentrations. Nevertheless, a strong vertical gradient of gas-phase CO2 was highlighted, with ever increasing CO2 concentrations ranging from approximately 15% to 50% while moving away from the glass edge to the champagne interface. This strong vertical gradient was found to persist during the five next minutes following the pouring process, but with ever decreasing CO2 concentrations as time elapses.

Role of all jet drops in mass transfer from bursting bubbles

When a bubble bursts at the surface of a liquid, it creates a jet that may break up and produce jet droplets. This phenomenon has motivated numerous studies due to its multiple applications, from bubbles in a glass of champagne to ocean/atmosphere interactions. We simulate the bursting of a single bubble by direct numerical simulations of the axisymmetric two-phase liquid-gas Navier-Stokes equations. We describe the number, size and velocity of all the ejected droplets, for a wide range of control parameters, defined as non-dimensional numbers, the Laplace number which compares capillary and viscous forces and the Bond number which compares gravity and capillarity. The total vertical momentum of the ejected droplets is shown to follow a simple scaling relationship with a primary dependency on the Laplace number. Through a simple evaporation model, coupled with the dynamics obtained numerically, it is shown that all the jet droplets (up to fourteen) produced by the bursting event must be taken into account as they all contribute to the total amount of evaporated water. A simple scaling relationship is obtained for the total amount of evaporated water as a function of the bubble size and fluid properties. This relationship is a first important step toward building a physics-based model of the ocean-atmosphere water vapour fluxes controlled by bubbles bursting at the surface.

After the Apocalypse

Ama Codjoe | 137 1. After the apocalypse, I yearned to be reckless. To smash a glass brought first to my lips. To privilege lust over tomorrow. To walk naked down the middle of a two-­ lane road. But, too late, without my bidding, life cracked open, rushed, openmouthed, like a panting dog whose name I did not call—my lips shut like a purse. The last man I kissed was different than the last man I fucked. We were so desperate then, the two of us, undone by longing, drawing night from the cracks inside us, drawing the night out, as long as we could, until dawn broke like a beat egg and our heartbeats quieted in private fatigue. I’d be lying if I said I don’t recall his name. The end of the world has ended, and desire is still all I crave. Oh, to be a stone, sexless and impenetrable. Over half of me is water, a river spilling into restless limbs, the rest of me is a scalding heat like the asphalt under my feet. 2. After the apocalypse, I mothered my mother, became grandmother to myself, distant and tender, temples turning gray. The whole world cascaded past my shoulders, like the hair self-­ hatred taught me to crave—though all my Barbie dolls were black. And the Cabbage Patch Kid my grandmother placed under the artificial Christmas tree, sprinkled with tinsel, in Memphis, Tennessee, the city where my mother waited for her first pair of glasses in the Colored Only waiting room. She said the world changed from black-­ and-­ white to Technicolor that day. My mother watches TV as I roll her hair. She sits poetry After the Apocalypse Ama Codjoe 138 | Ama Codjoe between my legs. I’ve never birthed a child. I have fondled the crown of a lover’s head, my thighs framing his dark brown eyes. I entered the world excised from my mother’s womb. Her scar is a mark the color of time. I am my mother’s weeping wound. On my last birthday, I cried into bathwater. I hid my tears from my mother because that’s what mothers do. 3. After the apocalypse, I had the urge to dance on the president’s grave. The dispossessed threw me a belated quinceañera. My godmother wore a necklace of the dictator’s teeth. She sliced an upside-­ down cake, licked her forefinger, and said, “You have mastered sadness, querida, may your rage be sticky and sweet.” My father offered his hand—this time I took it. We glided like ballroom dancers across the red dirt floor. He wore a grave expression. I embraced him tightly so as to cloak my face. Instead of a toast, he handed me a handkerchief, wet with tears. My father circled the guests silently, dabbing gently each of their cheeks. This too was a dance unfolding. I folded the handkerchief into a fist and raised my fist like a glass of champagne. The pain in my father’s eyes sparkled like the sequins on my tattered gown. If it hadn’t been so ugly it would’ve been beautiful. The party ended just as the world had: with the sound of rain beating against the earth and each of us on our hands and knees peering into pools of mud and thirst. 4. After the apocalypse, time turned like a mood ring. My mood changed like a thunderstruck sky. The sky changed like a breast, engorged, staining the front of a white silk blouse. I got laid off. I went thirteen days without wearing a bra. I changed my mind about the fiction of money. Money changed hands. I washed my hands religiously. Religion changed into sunlight— something allowed to touch my face. My face changed into my mother’s. No, into a mask of my mother’s face. Traces of heartache changed into a pain in my right hip. The stock market Ama Codjoe | 139 dipped. The S & P fell freely. I did not fall to my knees promising to change my life. The price of paper towels changed and the price of toilet paper and the price of white bread...

Three-dimensional modeling of complex swirling flows in champagne glasses: CFD and flow visualization

The aim of the present study is to propose a reliable tool based on the CFD method which aims to predict the bubble-induced flow patterns in a champagne glass whatever its glass shape or bubbling conditions. This paper presents the various steps of the analysis which is carried out using a CFD commercial code with a 3D multiphase model based on the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. The VOF multiphase model, coupled with a discrete phase (simulating the presence of ascending bubbles), was used to model the behavior of the liquid phase (the wine), the gaseous phase, and the interface between them. Subroutines were implemented in the 3D CFD code allowing to reproduce the process of bubble ascent dynamics. For this study aimed at qualitatively validating the numerical model, only one glass geometry is studied, and the CFD results are compared with experimental data obtained both by laser tomography and 2D PIV. Numerical simulations allowed us to test some assumptions that would be difficult to corroborate by experimental methods. Finally, the complex topological information deduced from CFD simulations turned out satisfactory and offered a realistic approach of the flow. These facts represent proofs of the predictive potential of the developed numerical tool.

Sexology, Popular Science and Queer History in Anders als die Andern (Different from the Others).

Sexology, Popular Science and Queer History in Anders als die Andern (Different from the Others).