Chamomile Extract Research Articles

EXPRESSION OF TOTAL COLLAGEN IN NORMAL ORAL MUCOSA SUBMITTED TO THE TOPICAL APPLICATION OF CHAMOMILE

<h3>Objectives</h3> Characterize the pattern of collagen fiber expression and quantify the total collagen in the normal oral mucosa of rats after topical application of chamomile (<i>Matricaria recutita</i>). <h3>Study Design</h3> Thirty-five Wistar rats were allocated in experimental groups: control (G1), chamomile fluid extract (G2), chamomile infusion 2 times/day (G3), and chamomile infusion 3 times/day (G4). Euthanasia occurred on the 7th and 14th days after the application of the herbal medicine. The histologic sections of the buccal mucosa obtained were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius red for qualitative and quantitative analyses of collagen fibers at the lamina propria. <h3>Results</h3> The descriptive analysis showed a similar pattern for all groups, showing thick collagen fibers arranged in all directions. The percentage of total collagen on the 7th and 14th days (medians) was as follows: G2 (42.2 and 40.3), G3 (43.8 and 46.3), and G4 (49.6 and 49.9), respectively, with no significant differences between the groups and the periods studied. <h3>Conclusions</h3> There was no difference in the pattern of qualitative and quantitative expression of collagen fibers after topical application of chamomile in normal oral mucosa during the periods and groups studied, suggesting that the herbal medicine did not cause damage to the evaluated tissues.

The Current State and Prospects for the Use of Herbal Medicines for Wound-Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Action in Kazakhstan: A Literature Review

BACKGROUND: As dosage forms, oils, drops, ointments, solutions, films, and suppositories represent phytopreparations for external use. The use of the drug “Kyzyl mai” in clinical practice pursues the achievement of wound-healing (including anti-burn effect), anti-inflammatory, reparative, metabolic, antibacterial, antiviral, and analgesic effects. AIM: We aimed to analyze the range of soft dosage forms in the form of suppositories with herbal components in their composition, used as anti-inflammatory and wound-healing agents. METHODS: The design in this study was a literature review article. Search for articles using relevant ones obtained from data based on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar obtained 283 articles. RESULTS: There are 12 articles that are relevant and discuss their content and use in the health. CONCLUSION: This review presents new dosage forms have been created – medicinal film “Fiadent,” medicinal film “Normophyt,” medicinal film with Piyavit. On the basis of chamomile extract obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, the optimal composition and technological scheme for the production of anti-inflammatory suppositories for use in proctology have been developed. The article describes a literature review of suppositories of anti-inflammatory action based on essential oil of balsamic poplar buds which have been developed.

The Impact of the Matricaria chamomilla L. Extract, Starch Solution and the Photoinitiator on Physiochemical Properties of Acrylic Hydrogels.

Matricaria chamomilla L. extract is well-known for its therapeutic properties; thus, it shows potential to be used to modify materials designed for biomedical purposes. In this paper, acrylic hydrogels modified with this extract were prepared. The other modifier was starch introduced into the hydrogel matrix in two forms: room-temperature solution and elevated-temperature solution. Such hydrogels were synthesized via UV radiation, while two types of photoinitiator were used: 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone or phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide. The main task of performed research was to verify the impact of particular modifiers and photoinitiator on physicochemical properties of hydrogels. Studies involved determining their swelling ability, elasticity, chemical structure via FTIR spectroscopy and surface morphology via the SEM technique. Incubation of hydrogels in simulated physiological liquids, studies on the release of chamomile extract from their matrix and their biological analysis via MTT assay were also performed. It was demonstrated that all investigated variables affected the physicochemical properties of hydrogels. The modification of hydrogels with chamomile extract reduced their absorbency, decreased their thermal stability and increased the cell viability incubated with this material by 15%. Next, hydrogels obtained by using phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide as a photoinitiator showed lower absorbency, more compact structure, better stability in SBF and a more effective release of chamomile extract compared to the materials prepared by using 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone. It was proved that, by applying adequate reagents, including both photoinitiator and modifiers, it is possible to obtain hydrogels with variable properties that will positively affect their application potential.

Thyroid Disorder: An Overview

The Asteraceae family's chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) may be a well-known medicinal plant. Chamaemelum nobile, also referred to as Roman chamomile, is usually referred to as real chamomile or sweet false chamomile. Effect of sweet false chamomile extract on linearincisional wound healing was studied. The article briefly review on the medicinal and cosmetic benefits of matricaria. The major medicinal uses of this plant is antiinflammatory, antidiarrheal, antacid. chamoline as an cosmetic ingredient is good for skin and hair. Mouthwashes and tooth pase also contain chamomile as an ingredient. Chamomile also have antioxidant property. It treat gastrointestinal problem by acting as purgative and also use to treat acidity. It promotes wound healing effect in the case of cradle and bunions. The flavonoids apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, patuletin, and volatile oil compounds like bisabolol and its oxides, also as azulenes, are liable for chamomile's biological action. There are several chamomile chemocultivars. Chamomile is anti-inflammatory, deodorant, antibacterial, carminative, sedative, antiseptic, anticatarrhal, and spasmolytic.

Pre-Clinical Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of a Herbal Nanoemulsion-Based Formulation for Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic autoimmune sickness that affects the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Currently available treatment regimens have various adverse effects and create a financial burden. This paper presents the development of an oral liquid formulation containing a nanoemulsion (NE) of herbal extracts for the treatment of IBD. A NE-based formulation was prepared and characterized. Stability studies based on the physical appearance, viscosity, pH, total microbial count, and assay were performed. The antioxidant activity of the individual extract, mixture, and formulation was compared by the DPPH method. In order to assess both the efficacy and the safety of the formulation, a TNBS-induced colitis model was used. A herbal extract of fennel, anise, chamomile, linseed, and pomegranate fruit peel was used as the oil phase, PEG as a surfactant, Tween 80 as a co-surfactant, and benzalkonium chloride (0.001% w/v) as a preservative in the NE. Average particle size, PDI, viscosity, and pH were 283 nm, 0.33, 48 cp, and 5.9, respectively. Assay of the product by standard marker anethole was 99.6%. It was established that the formulation remains stable at least for 6 months. The antioxidant activity of the combined extract was higher than the individual extracts. The colon mucosa damage index (CMDI) from the formulation was negligible and similar to that of the control group. The results suggest that it is worthwhile developing the NE of herbal extracts for treating IBD. Additionally, the benefit of selecting a multi-herb extract for NE formulation is demonstrated by the antioxidant activity of the combined extracts. This study revealed that the NE of the herbal extract is a promising approach for IBD treatment. A patent related to the work is published in the Indian Official Journal of the Patent Office (14/2021).

Antioxidant properties of medicinal plants and their effect on microbial spoilage of semi-finished meat, poultry and fish

Plant extracts rich in polyphenols can be used in the food industry as natural preservatives, extending the shelf life of prepared and semi-finished foods without chemical preservatives. In this paper, we investigate the polyphenolic composition, antioxidant activity and antibacterial properties of herbal extracts as part of food systems. The research objects were knot grass (Polýgonum aviculáre), marjoram (Oríganum), bur beggar-ticks (Bídenstripartíta), thyme (Thymus), whortleberry leaves (Vaccínium ida vítis), calendula (Calendula), sage (Salvia), chamomile flowers (Matricāriachamomīlla), eucalyptus (Eucalýptus) and bearberry (Arctostáphylosúva-úrsi). We determined the total content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids; the antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP methods; variations in the bacterial сontamination of animal raw materials over total bacterial count (TBC), coliform bacteria, yeast/fungi, salmonella and staphylococcus. Extracts of sage (1138±57 mg GA/100 g and 537±25 mg C/100 g), eucalyptus (1073±49 mg GA/100 g and 412±20 mg C/100 g), chamomile flowers (1002±36 mg GA/100 g and 493±22 mg C/100 g) and marjoram (1015±42 mg GA/100 g and 458±21 mg C/100 g) contain the largest amount of biologically active substances (phenols and flavonoids, respectively). Sage, eucalyptus and chamomile extracts demonstrate the highest antioxidant activity among the studied samples. Most of the studied extracts exhibit little or no effect on the organoleptic properties of finished products. In addition, chamomile flower, sage and eucalyptus extracts suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in foods under experimental conditions. The microflora growth is significantly reduced when treating animal raw materials with calendula flowers, marjoram and thyme extracts. Extracts of sage, chamomile flowers, calendula flowers, marjoram and thyme can be recommended as components of food raw materials.

The Effect of Using Herbal Extracts as Irrigant Solution in Disinfecting Root Canals of Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Narrative Review

Objectives: The use of herbal medicine continues to grow worldwide in all fields including dentistry. The constant use of chemical products in the root canal treatment process has prompted researchers to look for herbal alternatives due to the side effects and the relatively high resistant microbial strains available in the root canal that can contribute to the refractory infection. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the effectiveness of using selected herbal extracts in disinfecting the root canals and removing the smear layer of the endodontically treated teeth. Design: Systematic search from 1999-2019 was performed using four electronic databases. The level of evidence of eligible studies was assessed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and Cochrane risk of bias tools. Results: A total of 44 eligible experimental studies that assessed aloe vera, turmeric, Peganum harmala, green tea, garlic and chamomile extracts were retrieved electronically. Potent disinfectant properties provided by the herbal extract of the six selected plants were demonstrated. Among these herbal extracts, garlic and chamomile extracts were found to have better properties in removing the smear layer from the root canal compared to the other herbal extracts. Conclusion: The results of the present review support the use of the examined herbal extracts in disinfecting the root canal; however, these findings need to be assessed clinically to determine the possibility of using herbal products as a successful alternative for chemical products within the process of root canal treatment.

Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.): a natural growth promoter for Japanese quails

The rapid growth and high egg production rate of quails have increased the importance of the quail industry. However, the intensive systems recently used in quail production negatively affect quail productivity. The use of medicinal plants as efficient natural growth promoters in animal production has been widely applied. This study is designed to find out the effects of chamomile aqueous extract on the growth performance and feed efficiency of Japanese quail. Fourty immature Japanese quails (two weeks old) were used in the study, which lasted for four weeks (2-6 weeks of age). Experimental treatments involved: control, with no additive in drinking water; experimental (chamomile extract 3ml/L drinking water) with 20 birds per group. Results showed that quail supplemented with chamomile extract showed increased final weight, weight gain, and weight gain percentage in comparison with the control group. Moreover, the feed conversion ratio was lower in the chamomile-treated group. Chamomile extract can be recommended as an effective and safe growth promotor for immature Japanese quail.

Phenolic profile and biological activities of extracts of Matricaria chamomilla L. from the Western Algeria

This work aims to a detailed study of the different biological activities of two extracts, ethanolic and aqueous extract, obtained from the aerial part of Matricaria chamomilla L. grown North West Algerian. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined. HPLC was used to determine the quantity of phenolic compounds in these extracts. The results showed that the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities were higher in the Aqueous Extract (AEC) in comparison with the ethanolic extract of chamomile. The AEC contained chlorogenic acid with a greater amount of other ingredients (2.45 mg/g). This plant had an antioxidant activity with IC50 values equal to 65.199 ?g/ml for AEC and 102.90 ?g/ml for the EEC. The AEC had an antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans with a diameter of inhibition zone equal to 16.33 and 15.66 mm, respectively. Matricaria chamomilla was practically nontoxic with a median lethal dose (LD50) equal to 3800 mg/kg of EEC and superior to 5000 mg/kg of AEC). The Carrageenan method was used in the test of the anti-inflammatory activity which gave the best inhibition of edema, 86.30% at (100 mg/kg) after 6h of induced Carrageenan.

The effect of chamomile extract on blood sugar level, lipid profile and body weight in high-fat diet fed rats

The effect of chamomile extract on blood sugar level, lipid profile and body weight in high-fat diet fed rats

Chamomile Extract versus Clotrimazole Vaginal Cream in Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: A Randomized Double-Blind Control Trial.

ObjectivesVulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) treatment is advised for all women due to its symptoms and complications. In this study, the standard treatment, clotrimazole, was compared with chamomile extract cream in outpatient clinics.MethodsWe recruited 73 women with VVC, who were randomly allocated into two groups, clotrimazole versus chamomile extract cream. After two weeks of treatment with the same criteria, cheese-like vaginal discharge, itching and burning sensations, strawberry cervix, and recovery percentage was evaluated.ResultsThirty patients in each group were analyzed. There was no significant difference in age and number of pregnancies between groups (p = 0.85 and 0.09, respectively). Comparing before and after treatment, cheese like discharge (p < 0.001), itching (p < 0.001), burning (p < 0.001) had significantly improved in both groups. Further, the recovery percentage was not significantly different between groups (88.9% vs 75% in the chamomile vs clotrimazole groups, respectively).ConclusionChamomile is as effective as clotrimazole in VVC treatment; a higher percentage of women who used this medication recovered, although this did not reach significance. In addition, no complications were reported in either group.

Микробиологические исследования CO2 экстракта ромашки в составе комбинированной мягкой лекарственной формы для лечения раневого процесса

Актуальность. В структуре современного фармацевтического рынка неуклонно растет доля препаратов на основе лекарственного растительного сырья. Широкий спектр их действия объясняется многокомпонентностью состава биологически активных веществ, одновременным присутствием поликомпонентных соединений различной природы. Мягкое терапевтическое действие, малая токсичность, редкое возникновение побочных явлений, экономическая доступность – это немногие из достоинств лечебно-профилактических средств природного происхождения. По мнению исследователей, немаловажным звеном является выбранный метод извлеченияуказанных биологически активных веществ. В частности это касается разработки технологии и вида лекарственной формы. Традиционные технологии, позволяющие получать многокомпонентные смеси неполярных соединений сложного состава, в большинстве случаев связаны с использование достаточно «тяжелых» органических растворителей. Цель исследования: проведение микробиологических исследований сверхкритического СО2экстракта ромашки аптечной для разработки рекомендаций его возможного использования в составе комбинированных мягких лекарственных форм для лечения раневого процесса. Материалы и методы. Материалами исследования стал нативный СО2 екстракт ромашки.Определение антимикробной активности СО2 екстракта ромашкипроводили микробиологическим методом диффузии в агар на твердой питательной среде (в соответствии с требованиями Государственной Фармакопеи Украины), который основан на способности антибактериального вещества угнетать рост микроорганизмов. Антимикробную активность экстракта изучали на питательной среде – соево-казеиновом агаре на разных тест-штаммах микроорганизмов.Статистическую обработку полученных результатов проводили припомощи пакета Statistica 6.0 (StatSoftInc., USA). Результатысчитались статистически достоверными при P&lt; 0,05. Результаты. В статье представлены результаты антимикробной активности СО2экстракта Ромашки аптечной методом диффузии в агар.Из полученных данных следует, что тест-штаммы Bacillus subtilis и Staphylococсusaureus наиболее чуствительны к действию указанного фитоэкстракта и имеют зоны задержки роста от 10 до 15 мм. По отношению к тест-штаммам Pseudomonasaeruginosae, Candidaalbicans и Saccharomycescerevisiae зон задержки роста не выявленно.Таким образом, на основании проведенных экспериментальных исследованийin vitroустановлено, что СО2фитоэкстракт ромашки проявляет антимикробную активность в отношении тест-штаммовBacillus subtilis АЕС 6633 и StaphylococсusaureusATCC 6538. Выводы. Проведенные авторами комплексные исследования (литературный скрининг, экспериментальная работа) стали логичным продолжением внимания научной общественности многих стран мира к чистым технологиям. Поэтому современные исследователи при создании новых лекарственных фитопрепаратов отдают предпочтение новым высокоэффективным и экологически безопасным технологиям. Представленные результаты наглядно доказывают, что сверхкритический СО2экстракт ромашки, проявляет определенную антимикробную активность (до 15 мм) по отношению к Bacillus subtilis и Staphylococсusaureus. Это подтверждает возможность использовать указанный фитоэкстракт в качестве антимикробного компонента в составе комбинированных мягких лекарственных форм для наружного применения,вчастности для лечения раневого процесса.

Фітопрепарати в комплексному лікуванні запальних захворювань пародонту

In this article the review of foreign and domestic literary sources, which are devoted to the actual problem of modern dentistry – the treatment of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues: gingivitis and periodontitis are presented. The complex approach to their treatment involves the appointment of a significant amount of pharmacotherapeutic drugs. Therapeutic failures and iatrogenic complications have led to the fact that today the interests of doctors and population to medicinal products significantly increased. The purpose of the study is to analyze the data of scientific literature on the use of plant-based medicinal products for the treatment of periodontal inflammatory diseases over the past 10 years. Materials and methods. Comprehensive and systematic analysis of literature. Review and discussion. The analysis of information sources on the use of plant-based medicinal products in dentistry both independently and in the composition of medical and prophylactic means has established that the modern assortment of plant-based preparations in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine to a certain extent is limited. The emergence of new plant-based species that have been tested in conditions of experimental pathology and require an evidence-based clinical base is noted. The composition of plant-based preparations used for the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases include vitamins, biologically active substances, glycosides, alkaloids, in connection with a wide range of action: antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, regenerating, hemostatic, antioxidative. The data on plant-based preparations that are most often used such as chamomile extracts, calendula, hypericum, plantain, kalanchoe, aloe, eucalyptus, milfoil, nettle, calamus and plant-based species are summarized. The medicinal agents considered are mainly recommended for local treatment of periodontal diseases in the form of dental care means, mouth rinse, gel, chewing gum, herbal liquer. It is known that the complex treatment of periodontal diseases includes a general influence on the body. The properties of green tea with its wide range of actions are investigated. With antioxidant properties, it can be a healthy alternative for controlling destructive changes in periodontal diseases. Attention is drawn to the proposed unique natural complex “Resverazin” due to a wide range of pharmacological action, low toxicity and relative safety. The drug produces antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune stimulating, vasodilative, neuroprotective action. Conclusion. Based on the literature analysis, it can be concluded that the accumulated experimental and clinical data on the therapeutic properties of plants prove perspective of their use in the complex treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Future studies are mandatory for further confirmation of the effectiveness of these medicinal plants

Phenolic Profile by HPLC-PDA-MS of Greek Chamomile Populations and Commercial Varieties and Their Antioxidant Activity.

The phenolic profile of Greek chamomile populations was investigated by HPLC-PDA-MS. For comparison, three commercial varieties (Banatska, Lutea and Goral) cultivated under the same conditions were included in the study. All samples exhibited similar qualitative patterns but differed in their quantitative characteristics. Overall, 29 constituents were detected, belonging to phenolic acids, flavonol glycosides, flavone glycosides (mainly apigenin derivatives) and acylated polyamines. Quantitative results showed that both Greek populations had a high content in apigenin derivatives (0.39 and 0.31 %w/w) and caffeoylquinic acids (0.96 and 0.81 %w/w), whereas they had the highest amount of flavonol glycosides among the tested samples. Greek populations were comparable to the Banatska variety, while they were superior to the Lutea and Goral varieties cultivated under the same conditions. Results demonstrate that Greek chamomile populations studied here, are an excellent source of a wide range of phenolics which contribute to the medicinal and antioxidant properties of this herbal remedy. Antioxidant tests showed that chamomile extracts from the studied materials, especially from the Greek populations possess antioxidant activity, corresponding to their polyphenol content. This is the first report on the phenolic constituents of Matricaria recutita growing in Greece and well-established chamomile varieties.

Potential of Chamomile recutita Plant Material to Inhibit Urease Activity and Reduce NH3 Volatilization in Two Agricultural Soils

The large amount of ammonia released during agricultural application of urea fertilizer can result in a partial loss of applied nitrogen, having a detrimental effect on air quality. Although Chamomile recutita has nitrogen transformation inhibitory properties, providing potential agricultural and environmental benefits, the full extent of the effects of the major constituents of this plant on urease activity and NH3 volatilization in soils is currently unknown. Soil incubation experiments were established using 2-Cyclopenten-1-one and Eugenol, two major constituents of C. recutita, to evaluate their effects on inorganic soil nitrogen pools, urease activity, and NH3 volatilization in grey desert soil and red soil. An application rate of 0.25 g N kg−1 soil fertilizer was applied as urea with and without additives. An unfertilized treatment was also included as a control. In order to compare results, N(butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), a common synthetic urease inhibitor, was also used. NBPT, 2-Cyclopenten-1-one and Eugenol were applied at a rate of 0.00125 g kg−1 soil (equivalent to 0.5% N). The results indicated that the rate of urea hydrolysis was higher in grey desert soil compared to red soil. Soil in the urea-only treatments recorded urea hydrolysis to be almost complete within seven days of application. The rate of hydrolysis was inhibited by the two natural compounds, and higher concentrations of urea were maintained for more than two weeks. Soil amended with the two materials exhibited strong soil urease inhibition in both soil treatments (75.1% in the alkaline grey desert soil and 72.8% in the acidic red soil). The strongest inhibitory effect occurred one to three days after incubation in the Eugenol treatment. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of Cyclopenten-1-one and Eugenol were superior to that of NBPT in the two soils. Cyclopenten-1-one and Eugenol also significantly reduced soil NH3 emissions by 14.2 to 45.3%, especially in the acidic red soil. Molecular docking studies confirmed inhibition mechanisms, highlighting that natural compounds interacted with the amino acid residues of the urease active center. This action resulted in the urease active pocket being blocked, thereby inhibiting enzyme activity. Overall, our findings suggest that 2-Cyclopenten-1-one and Eugenol are both capable of hindering urease activity and reducing the risk of N loss in the two tested soils. Results highlight their applicability as urease inhibitors and their effect in delaying the release of ammonia nitrogen, thereby increasing fertilizer N use efficiency. However, in order to fully assess N use efficiency and the N balance due to the presence of Chamomile extract in soil-crop systems, further field scale investigations are required.

Green synthesis of Pd/Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Chamomile extract as highly active and recyclable catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction

In the present study, we demonstrate the synthesis of a novel biogenic nanocomposite by adorning in situ green synthesized Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) over the surface of magnetic nanoparticles by using Chamomileflower extract. It was physicochemically assigned by a number of analytical techniques. The as developed material was catalytically exploited in the synthesis of diverse biaryls via classical Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. Rigourness of the material was further validated by the study of reusability, hot-filtration and leaching test.

Physicochemical Investigations of Hydrogels Containing Gold Nanoparticles Designed for Biomedical Use

Currently, many investigations are being performed to develop dressing materials with a positive effect on the wound healingprocess. In general, innovative dressings should ensure wound exudate absorption, constitute an external barrier limiting thepossibility of wound contamination and, importantly, also provide therapeutic properties. This work is focused on obtainingmaterials with potential use as dressings for treatment of difficult-to-heal wounds. The synthesis methodology of acrylic hydrogelsmodified with selected modifiers, i.e. arabic gum, nanogold, bee pollen and chamomile extract, was developed. Next, thesorption properties of the materials were determined as well as their behavior during the incubation in fluids imitating theenvironment of the human body. Additionally, the impact of such an incubation on their structure was evaluated by FT-IR spectroscopy.It was proved that the modifiers affected the sorption properties of hydrogels, i.e. samples with additives showed evenapprox. 2.5-fold lower swelling ability. In turn, incubation of hydrogels in simulated body fluids did not cause any rapid changesin pH, which may indicate the biocompatibility of the tested materials with the tested fluids. Thus, it may be concluded that thedeveloped materials show great application potential for biomedical purposes and may be subjected to more advanced studiessuch as cytotoxicity assessments towards selected cell lines.

The Effect of Chamomile on Pain and Menstrual Bleeding in Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACTBackground: Primary dysmenorrhea is characterized by pain during menstruation without any pelvic pathology. It is a common problem among females in their reproductive age which is caused by increased production of prostaglandin in the endometrium as one of leading causes. Chamomile extract ceases the production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The aim of this study was to systematically review the clinical trials to determine the effect of Chamomile on pain and menstural bleeding in primary dysmenorrhea.Methods: Search process to find relevant articles was conducted on electronic Iranian (MagIran, SID) and international databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane library, Scopus, Web of Science and EBSCO), using English keywords and Persian equivalents such a “Dysmenorrhea”, “Pain”, “Menstrual bleeding” and “Chamomil” without a time limit until March 2020. Irrelevant, duplicate, descriptive, or qualitative studies were excluded. To evaluate the quality of articles, we used the Cochran’s Risk of Bias tool.Results: Among124 articles found in the initial search, finally 7 clinical trials (with a sample size of 1033) were systematically examined. Two out of 7 studies examined the effect of Chamomile on the pain of primary dysmenorrhea, 2 studies on the effect of Chamomile on menstrual bleeding volume, and 3 on the effect of Chamomileon pain and menstural bleeding in primary dysmenorrhea.Conclusion: Based on results of the most reviewed studies, Chamomile can be considered as an effective treatment for primary dysmenorrhea and reducing menstrual bleeding.

Chamomile flower extract ameliorates biochemical and histological kidney dysfunction associated with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder in females of childbearing age and research findings have revealed a potential association between PCOS and renal dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate renal dysfunction that might be associated with PCOS in rats and to evaluate the potential protective effect of chamomile against PCOS complicated by kidney damage. A rat model of PCOS was induced by injecting estradiol valerate (0.2mg/rat×2) into adult virgin female rats. Rats were treated with either ethyl alcohol extract of chamomile flower (75mg/kg/day) or metformin (Met) (500mg/kg/day). Induction of PCOS was associated with increased relative right kidney weight percentage and increased serum levels of urea, lipid peroxide product, and testosterone. PCOS was also associated with increased p53 expression in kidney glomeruli and medullary tubules with decreased Bcl2 expression in kidney glomeruli. Administration of chamomile extract significantly decreased levels of serum urea, testosterone, and lipid peroxide product, and p53 expression in kidney glomeruli and tubules. The extract significantly increased levels of antioxidant markers levels (reduced glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2. Conversely, administration of Met did not improve serum levels of urea. Met also exerted no pronounced effect on p53 gene expression. The results of this study highlight the importanceofmonitoringkidney function in patients with PCOS and investigating the associated underlying mechanism. Chamomile extract was found to ameliorate kidney damage associated with PCOS through antioxidant, testosterone-lowering, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.

Bioactive compounds from Matricaria chamomilla: structure identification, in vitro antiproliferative, antimigratory, antiangiogenic, and antiadenoviral activities.

During our exploring the anticancer activity of some medicinal plants and their major metabolites, the aerial parts of the Egyptian Matricaria chamomilla (flowers and stems) were studied. GC-MS analysis of the organic soluble extracts of the flowers and stems fractions revealed the presence of 43 and 45 compounds, respectively. Individual chromatographic purification of the flowers and stems' extracts afforded three major compounds. Structures of these compounds were identified by 1D- and 2D-NMR and HRESI-MS spectroscopic data as bisabolol oxide A (1) and (E)-tonghaosu (2) (as mixture of ratio 2:1) from the flowers extract, meanwhile apigenin-7-β-d-glucoside (3) from the stems fraction. Biologically, the chamomile extracts announced significant antiproliferative activities exceeded in potency by ∼1.5 fold in case of the stem, recording GI50 13.16 and 17.04μg/mL against Caco-2 and MCF-7, respectively. Both fractions were approximately equipotent against the migration of the same cell type down to 10μg/mL together, compounds 1, 2 but not 3, showed considerable growth inhibition of the same cells at GI50 13.36 and 11.83μg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, they were able to suppress Caco-2 colon cancer cells migration at 5.8μg/mL and potently inactivate the VEGFR2 angiogenic enzyme (1.5-fold relative to sorafenib. The obtained compounds and corresponding chamomile extracts were evaluated against Adeno-7 virus, revealing that both chamomiles' extracts (flowers and stems) and their corresponding obtained compounds (1-3) were potent in their depletion to the Adeno 7 infectivity titer, however, the flower extract and compounds 1-2 were more effective than those of the stem extract and its end-product (3).