Antilung cancer activity and apoptosis mechanisms of imidazolyl acylhydrazone zinc and europium complexes with chain structures.

Decoding aberrant glycosylation in colorectal cancer: From Glycosyaltion characterization, expression regulation to potential clinical applications.

In this study, the hydrolytic degradation behavior of high-performance bio-based aromatic-aliphatic liquid crystal copolyesters (BTLCP)—synthesized from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), phloretic acid (HPPA), vanillic acid (VA), and lactic acid (LA)—in proteinase K, phosphate buffer, and dilute alkaline solutions has been systematically and comparatively investigated. The degradation behavior was found to be correlated with the copolyester’s rigid and flexible molecular chain structure and composition. The weight loss after degradation was positively correlated with the LA content, as the aliphatic ester groups and amorphous regions of the molecular chain were most susceptible to chemical attack. The molecular chain further ruptured as degradation proceeded, causing the molecular weight to decrease sharply before leveling off after the seventh degradation period. Concurrently, the morphology of the copolyester flakes became coarser and more porous with increasing degradation time, suggesting a combined surface and bulk corrosion mechanism. Although the degraded copolyesters retained their liquid crystal behavior, the isotropic transition was observed below 350 °C, indicating a decrease in molecular chain rigidity. Moreover, the hydrophilicity of the copolyesters increased dramatically after degradation, especially for those containing more LA units, due to the generation of -OH and -COOH end groups from molecular chain scission. In summary, the results reveal that the hydrolytic degradation rate can be regulated by adjusting the composition and degradation medium. The synthesized BTLCPs containing more LA units exhibit excellent degradation performance and hydrophilicity, highlighting their potential for applications in biomedical and packaging fields.

No study has, until now, examined the deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (TFP). In this study, a DES composed of choline chloride and citric acid (1:1 molar ratio) was prepared for TFP extraction. Artificial neural network optimization based on genetic and sparrow search algorithms was applied, yielding the polysaccharide TFP-1 with an average molecular weight of 13 152 Da. The TFP-1 polysaccharide exhibited a triple-helix structure, and its polymer chains comprised glucose, mannose, xylose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 90.82:5.68:3.06:0.44. The main chain structure was →(6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→). In a cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced oxidative injury cell model, the TFP-1-based extract (TFP-1-E) decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels, while increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activity at 50-100 μg mL⁻¹ compared with the model group. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis identified 1343 differentially expressed genes between the CSE and TFP-1-E groups, which were primarily mapped to a five-gene sub-network comprising CARD17, CARD18, CASP1, MINDY3, and MINDY2. These data suggest that TFP-1-E could alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress and could be used for the development of functional foods or biomedicines. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

ABSTRACT This study constructs a firm-level supply chain network using transaction data between suppliers and customers of listed companies in China from 2009 to 2016, and examines the impact of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on enterprises’ participation in Global Value Chains (GVCs) from the unique perspective of supply chain networks. The baseline regression results show that OFDI in supply chain networks can promote enterprises’ participation in GVCs, extending the impact of OFDI to a broader supply chain network. The channel analysis results indicate that the peer effect of OFDI decisions and the alleviation effect of financing constraints are essential channels through which OFDI in supply chain networks affects enterprises’ participation in GVCs. Finally, from the perspective of supply chain structure and incorporating industry heterogeneity, this study examines the heterogeneous effects across three dimensions: supply chain concentration, supply chain information transmission, and supply chain efficiency. These findings not only enrich the research on OFDI and GVCs from the perspective of supply chain networks, but also provide valuable insights for developing countries to leverage OFDI enterprises to expand their benefits in GVCs by adjusting their domestic supply chain networks.

We investigated the physics of black hole accretion flows, particularly focusing on phenomena like magnetic reconnection and plasmoid formation, which are believed to be responsible for energetic events such as flares observed from astrophysical black holes. We aim to understand the influence of radiative cooling on plasmoid formation within black hole accretion flows that are threaded by multi-loop magnetic field configurations. We conducted 2D and 3D two-temperature general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations. By varying the magnetic loop sizes and the mass accretion rate, we explored how radiative cooling alters the accretion dynamics, disk structure, and properties of reconnection-driven plasmoid chains. Our results demonstrate that radiative cooling suppresses the transition to the magnetically arrested disk state by reducing magnetic flux accumulation near the horizon. It significantly modifies the disk morphology by lowering the electron temperature and compressing the disk, which leads to increased density at the equatorial plane and decreased magnetization. Within the current sheets, radiative cooling triggers layer compression and the collapse of plasmoids, shortening their lifetime and reducing their size, while the frequency of plasmoid events increases. Moreover, we observe enhanced negative energy-at-infinity density in plasmoids near the ergosphere, with its peaks corresponding to plasmoid formation events. Radiative cooling plays a critical role in shaping both macroscopic accretion flow properties and microscopic reconnection phenomena near black holes. This suggests that radiative cooling modulates black hole energy extraction through reconnection-driven Penrose processes, highlighting its importance in models of astrophysical black holes.

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) active materials with dynamically tunable properties are highly desirable for next-generation photonics and encryption technologies, yet achieving this through predictable solid-state structural transformations remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a novel dimensionality-engineering strategy to realize stimuli-responsive CPL in chiral hybrid Mn(II) halides. Employing a single chiral cation, R/S-3-methylmorpholine, we selectively synthesized two distinct phases: a red-emissive 1D chain structure with octahedral Mn(II) centers and a green-emissive 0D structure with tetrahedral coordination. Remarkably, the 0D phase undergoes a rapid and reversible ethanol-assisted thermal transformation into the 1D phase, accompanied by a striking CPL color switch from green to red. This unique behavior stems from a stimulus-induced recoordination of Mn-Cl units and reorganization of the hydrogen-bonding network. Capitalizing on this reversible response and intrinsic chirality, we engineered a sophisticated multilevel photonic encryption platform, encompassing binary dot-matrix coding, dual-channel (photoluminescence/CPL) Morse code, and CPL-based ASCII decryption. This work establishes structural dimensionality control as a powerful paradigm for creating intelligent, CPL-active materials, opening new avenues for high-security optical information technologies.

Abstract Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) active materials with dynamically tunable properties are highly desirable for next‐generation photonics and encryption technologies, yet achieving this through predictable solid‐state structural transformations remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a novel dimensionality‐engineering strategy to realize stimuli‐responsive CPL in chiral hybrid Mn(II) halides. Employing a single chiral cation, R/S‐3‐methylmorpholine, we selectively synthesized two distinct phases: a red‐emissive 1D chain structure with octahedral Mn(II) centers and a green‐emissive 0D structure with tetrahedral coordination. Remarkably, the 0D phase undergoes a rapid and reversible ethanol‐assisted thermal transformation into the 1D phase, accompanied by a striking CPL color switch from green to red. This unique behavior stems from a stimulus‐induced recoordination of Mn–Cl units and reorganization of the hydrogen‐bonding network. Capitalizing on this reversible response and intrinsic chirality, we engineered a sophisticated multilevel photonic encryption platform, encompassing binary dot‐matrix coding, dual‐channel (photoluminescence/CPL) Morse code, and CPL‐based ASCII decryption. This work establishes structural dimensionality control as a powerful paradigm for creating intelligent, CPL‐active materials, opening new avenues for high‐security optical information technologies.

ABSTRACT The electrospinning materials used in this study include a blend of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) copolymer. The influence of process parameters on the nanofibers was analyzed, as these parameters play a crucial role in electrospinning. Characterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to evaluate the morphology, thermodynamic properties, and crystallization behavior of the composite films. Under a spinning voltage of 15 kV, a spinning speed of 1 mL/h, and a receiving distance of 10 cm, the resulting composite fibers exhibited uniform distribution with consistent single‐fiber thickness. The composite nanofibers gradually bonded together with increasing PEG content. FTIR results indicate that the addition of PEG has no significant effect on β‐phase content. The decrease in melting temperature observed in the composite may be attributed to the “binding” effect between PEG and P(VDF‐TrFE) crystals. While disrupting the regularity of the molecular chain, PEG also acts as a plasticizer, enhancing flexibility within the chain structure and leading to an initial decrease followed by an increase in crystallinity for P(VDF‐TrFE). Consequently, PEG/P(VDF‐TrFE) exhibits a polar β phase.

Design, synthesis and structural development of nonsecosteroidal VDR ligands based on the C,C'-diphenyl-m-carborane scaffold.

High rock slopes are extensively distributed in areas of major engineering constructions, such as transportation infrastructure, hydraulic projects, and mining operations. The stability and failure evolution mechanism during their multi-stage excavation process have consistently been a crucial research topic in geotechnical engineering. In this paper, a series of two-dimensional rock slope models, incorporating various combinations of slope height and slope angle, were established utilizing the Discrete Element Method (DEM) software PFC2D. This systematic investigation delves into the meso-mechanical response of the slopes during multi-stage excavation. The Parallel Bond Model (PBM) was employed to simulate the contact and fracture behavior between particles. Parameter calibration was performed to ensure that the simulation results align with the actual mechanical properties of the rock mass. The research primarily focuses on analyzing the evolution of displacement, the failure modes, and the changing characteristics of the force chain structure under different geometric conditions. The results indicate that as both the slope height and slope angle increase, the inter-particle deformation of the slope intensifies significantly, and the shear band progressively extends deeper into the slope mass. The failure mode transitions from shallow localized sliding to deep-seated overall failure. Prior to instability, the force chain system exhibits an evolutionary pattern characterized by “bundling–reconfiguration–fracturing,” serving as a critical indicator for characterizing the micro-scale failure mechanism of the slope body.

Current development in cellulose-based sensors remain restricted by limited mechanical strength and insufficient sensitivity range. Inspired by coral structure, we report a Janus cellulose aerogel (JCA) based triboelectric sensor (JCAS) featuring a unique double cellulose crosslinked network. The biomimetic structure enhances intermolecular interactions and optimizes the molecular chain structure, significantly improving mechanical stability and operational durability. Consequently, the JCA demonstrates a remarkable 437.5% increase in Young's modulus compared to pristine cellulose aerogel (PCA), enabling it to withstand loads over 50000 times its own weight. The corresponding JCAS exhibits high performance, including stable operation under high-pressure (300kPa for 4 h), an extended cycling longevity, and a reliable sensing range of 0-800kPa which is the widest reported to date for cellulose-based triboelectric sensors to our knowledge. Biocompatibility tests further confirm their suitability for wearable applications. Finally, we demonstrate the practical utility of JCASs by integrating them into wearable devices for human posture recognition. This work provides a novel strategy for synthesizing crosslinked cellulose aerogels, promoting the practical applications of cellulose-based triboelectric sensors.

Two novel Co(II)-based coordination polymers, [Co(HDNA)(bibp)(H₂O)]ₙ (CP1) and {[Co₃(DCPN)₂(4,4'-bibp)₃(H₂O)₄]}ₙ (CP2), were synthesized via hydrothermal reactions using H₃DCPN and different N-donor co-ligands. Structural analysis revealed that CP1 forms a 2D layered network, while CP2 adopts a 1D chain structure extended into a 3D supramolecular framework. Both CP1 and CP2 exhibited excellent fluorescence sensing abilities toward sulfamethoxazole (SMX), with strong enhancement responses. CP1 showed a linear Stern-Volmer relationship (R² = 0.9944) and a binding constant of 1.37 × 10⁴ M⁻¹, while CP2 gave R² = 0.9936 and K = 1.54 × 10⁴ M⁻¹. Both materials displayed high selectivity, anti-interference capacity, and good cycling stability, demonstrating their potential as reusable fluorescent sensors for SMX detection.

Food security in Indonesia is influenced by the dynamics of production, distribution, and availability between regions. However, many existing information systems still rely on conventional data structures without semantic integration, which limits interoperability and hinders interregional analysis. To address this gap, this study developed an ontology model based on the Web Ontology Language (OWL) that formally represents the relationships between food production, commodity characteristics, distribution flows, food insecurity conditions, and geographical context. The ontology was built using Protégé through stages of literature review, official data collection from BPS, FAO, and the Ministry of Agriculture, conceptual model design, implementation, and evaluation. Conceptual validation was conducted through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with food supply chain experts to ensure the suitability of the ontology structure and the actual conditions of the national food system. The technical evaluation involved consistency testing using the Pellet reasoner and Competency Question (CQ) testing through SPARQL queries to assess the ontology's ability to respond to essential information needs. The resulting ontology consists of five core classes (FoodProduction, FoodItem, FoodDistribution, FoodSecurityStatus, and GeographicRegion) which collectively represent the semantic structure of Indonesia's food supply chain. The evaluation results show that the ontology is structurally consistent and capable of producing outputs that are in line with CQ, including the retrieval of production-distribution information and the initial identification of commodity surpluses and deficits based on instance data. These findings indicate that the developed ontology provides a coherent semantic foundation for modeling food systems and has strong potential to support the development of knowledge-based food security management applications.

Edestin (ED), primarily found in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds, is a highly nutritious plant storage protein that warrants systematic exploration. Here, we found that ED and its derived peptides (EPP) exhibit strong potential to enhance oxygen consumption and improve exercise endurance in mice. In the investigation, we prepared ED and EPP and then characterized them using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). It was found that there are slight shifts and variations in the peak shapes of the amide I and amide II bands in the FT-IR spectrum, indicating that enzymatic hydrolysis alters the secondary structure of the polypeptide chain, such as transforming ordered conformations into random coils. In vitro studies (including total antioxidant capacity, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity) showed that both ED and EPP exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Animal experiments showed that ED and EPP supplementation improved oxygen consumption and exercise endurance. Mice in the ED group showed a 69% increase in swimming endurance (p < 0.05), while the EPP group showed a 102% increase (p < 0.01). Oxygen consumption per unit body weight was positively correlated with swimming endurance. Hematological analysis revealed increased red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit. Biochemical assessments showed higher antioxidant enzyme activity, especially glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in brain and heart tissues. In conclusion, EPP demonstrates better biological activity than ED after hydrolysis and has broad potential for enhancing aerobic metabolism, antioxidant defenses, and anti-fatigue effects. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study found that ED protein and its derived peptides (EPP) extracted from hemp seeds showed significant antioxidant properties, which could effectively improve oxygen consumption capacity and exercise endurance. These properties suggest that they could be used to develop functional foods or nutritional supplements to enhance physical strength and anti-fatigue. These ingredients have important application potential in the health food and supplement industry.

Effect of the C2C3 double bond and sodium taurodeoxycholate addition on the quercetin-hemoglobin and taxifolin-hemoglobin interactions.

Exploration of complex-based probe for pesticide residue detection: Specific recognition achieved via the synergistic effect of coordination water and supramolecular chains.

Simultaneous and ultrasensitive detection of three dihydroxybenzene isomers based on 3D chain structure-modified MOF electrochemical sensors.

A novel neodymium-{SeO3}-bridged selenotungstate, [Na16Nd2.5(SeO3)(SeO3)(mal)(W4O9)(SeW8O32)(SeW9O33)2(H2O)4]·ca.26H2O (NdSeW, mal = malic acid), has been successfully synthesized and structurally characterized. This compound is constructed from both {SeW9} and {SeW8} building units, which are linked through an organometallic {Nd2Se2(mal)W4} cluster, forming a distinctive triangular arrangement. Two triangular trimers are connected via Nd-O-W to form a hexameric unit, which is subsequently extended into a one-dimensional chain structure through bridging by two {SeO3} groups. This type of one-dimensional chain architecture, constructed through alternating connections involving neodymium and {SeO3} groups, is extremely rare in polyoxometalate chemistry. In addition, NdSeW exhibits excellent catalytic activity for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles through the three-component condensation of aldehydes, benzils, and ammonium acetate under environmentally benign conditions.

Motion estimation of left ventricle myocardium on the cardiac image sequence is crucial for assessing cardiac function. However, the intensity variation of cardiac image sequences brings the challenge of uncertain interference to myocardial motion estimation. Such imaging-related uncertain interference appears in different cardiac imaging modalities. We propose adaptive sequential Bayesian iterative learning to overcome the challenge. Specifically, our method applies the adaptive structural inference to state transition and observation to cope with a complex myocardial motion under uncertain setting. In state transition, adaptive structural inference establishes a hierarchical structure recurrence to obtain the complex latent representation of cardiac image sequences. In state observation, the adaptive structural inference forms a chain structure mapping to correlate the latent representation of the cardiac image sequence with that of the motion. Extensive experiments on US, CMR, and TMR datasets concerning 1270 patients (650 patients for CMR, 500 patients for US and 120 patients for TMR) have shown the effectiveness of our method, as well as the superiority to eight state-of-the-art motion estimation methods.