CF Treatment Research Articles

Productivity and nutritive quality of dallisgrass (<i>Paspalum dilatatum</i>) as influenced by cutting height and rate of fertilization with poultry litter or commercial fertilizer

Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum) is well adapted to the Black Belt region of the southeastern US, and information on its productivity and nutritive quality as influenced by fertility is needed. In each yr of a 2-yr study, an existing dallisgrass pasture that had been subdivided into 48 plots of 9.3 m2 each was fertilized with the equivalent of 34 (34N), 67 (67N), 101 (101N) or 134 (134N) kg N/ha from poultry litter (PL) or commercial fertilizer (CF; NH4NO3). In both years, primary-growth and vegetative regrowth forage was harvested in mid-August and late September, respectively, and forage from each harvest was clipped to either a 5- or 10-cm stubble height. Forage cut to a 5-cm height yielded 71% more (P P = 0.002) for CF than PL forage and increased for both fertilizer sources with increasing rates of N application. Forage concentrations of cell-wall constituents were not different between CF and PL treatments. Forage amended with CF had a higher concentration of Ca, Mg and Mn than PL-amended forage; however, forage amended with PL had a higher concentration of P and K than CF-amended forage. There was no effect of fertilizer source on forage concentration of Al, Cu or Zn. Results indicate that PL and CF were comparable for supporting productivity and nutritive quality of dallisgrass on Black Belt soils.

Correction of F508del-CFTR Trafficking by the Sponge Alkaloid Latonduine Is Modulated by Interaction with PARP

Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause CF. The most common mutation, F508 deletion, causes CFTR misfolding and endoplasmic reticulum retention, preventing it from trafficking to the cell surface. One approach to CF treatment is to identify compounds that correct the trafficking defect. We screened a marine extract collection and, after extract, deconvolution identified the latonduines as F508del-CFTR trafficking correctors that give functional correction invivo. Using a biotinylated azido derivative of latonduine, we identified the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family as latonduine target proteins. We show that latonduine binds to PARPs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5a, and 5b and inhibits PARP activity, especially PARP-3. Thus, latonduine corrects F508del-CFTR trafficking by modulating PARP activity. Latonduines represent pharmacologic agents for F508del-CFTR correction, and PARP-3 is a pathway for the development of CF treatments.

Effects of compost on the chemical composition of SOM in density and aggregate fractions from rice–wheat cropping systems as shown by solid‐state 13C‐NMR spectroscopy

AbstractThe 4‐year application of pig‐manure compost (PMC) to crop fields in Jiangsu significantly increased organic‐C and total N concentrations compared to chemical fertilization and control treatment. To identify the soil processes that led to these changes, 13C cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning nuclear‐magnetic resonance (13C CPMAS NMR) and dipolar‐dephasing nuclear‐magnetic‐resonance spectroscopy (DD NMR) were conducted on soil organic matter (SOM) fractions separated by wet‐sieving and density fractionation procedures. This allowed characterization of the SOM quality under three contrasting fertilizer regimes. The results indicate that PMC application can alter the distribution of functional groups and improve alkyl C‐to‐O‐alkyl C ratios compared to chemical‐fertilizer treatment (CF). Alkyl C contents were increased from macroaggregate fractions (> 2 mm) to microaggregate fractions (0.05–0.25 mm) for all treatments, suggesting that recalcitrant material accumulates in the microaggregate fractions. The O‐alkyl C contents were decreased from macroaggregate fractions (> 2 mm) to microaggregate fractions (0.05–0.25 mm) under CF and PMC treatments, while no consistent trend was found for the control (NF) treatment. The alkyl C‐to‐O‐alkyl C ratios in macroaggregates were lower than those in microaggregates, indicating that the degrees of SOM decomposition were lower in macroaggregates compared to microaggregates. In all aggregate‐size classes, the amount of organic matter appeared to depend on the fertilization regime. This study provides useful information regarding the buildup of organic material in soil from long‐term manure‐compost enrichment.

Estimating Crop Coefficient in Intermittent Irrigation Paddy Fields Using Excel Solver

The current study proposes a novel method using Excel Solver to estimate, from limited data, crop coefficient (Kc) in paddy fields under intermittent irrigation (II). The proposed method was examined in a field experiment conducted at Karang Sari Village, Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia during the first rice season of 2007/2008 (December 2007 to April 2008) in the rainy season. As the control, continuous flooding irrigation (CF) was applied to the conventional rice cultivation fields. Based on the observed water storage, Excel Solver was used to estimate crop evapotranspiration. Estimated crop evapotranspiration was used to compute Kc value, then the average Kc values at each growth stage were compared with that for the CF treatment. The estimation method was evaluated by comparing estimated crop evapotranspiration and the crop evapotranspiration derived by the well established FAO procedure. Excel Solver estimated crop evapotranspiration accurately with R2 values higher than 0.81. Accordingly, more than 81% of the FAO crop evapotranspiration was described by the proposed method. Thus, Kc value could be well determined from those estimated crop evapotranspiration. Under the II treatment, the average Kc values were 0.70, 1.06, 1.24 and 1.22 for the initial, crop development, reproductive and late stages, respectively. These values were lower than those under the CF treatment for initial and crop development stages because of a minimal soil evaporation and intense dryness during these stages. However, average Kc values under the II treatment were higher than those under the CF treatment at the reproductive and late stages, indicating that the II treatment promoted more plant activity particularly for dry biomass production as indicated by a greater number of tillers per hill.

WS3.6 The CF-ABLE score: a novel clinical prediction tool in cystic fibrosis

Introduction: Adult diagnosed patients represent a unique population that differ in their clinical, genetic and prognostic characteristics compared to those diagnosed in childhood. With a different spectrum of CFTR mutations, infections and organ involvement response to standard CF treatments is unknown. Aims: To determine clinical status at diagnosis and assess response to CF centre treatment over a 4 yr period. Methods: All patients diagnosed after 16 yrs of age (2005 to 2011) were included. Clinical data at diagnosis were collected from electronic patient records (EMIS®). Best FEV1, weight and BMI for each subsequent 12 month interval recorded. Results: 20 patients (12 male, 75% PS, median (range) age at diagnosis 30(17−60) yrs, BMI 21.8(16.7–31.9), FEV1 66(43–101) and FVC 87(62–106)% predicted) were included. 10 patients were diagnosed due to bronchiectasis and 10 nonrespiratory [infertility (6), family history (3) and malabsorption (1)]. Median BMI at diagnosis was greater in those with PS vs. PI (22.0 vs. 19.2, p< 0.01). BMI increased from 21.8 at diagnosis to 24.6 at yr 4. Median weight gain over 4 yrs was 6.25 kg (5 kg PS vs. 12.3 kg PI, p< 0.005). FEV1 was greater at diagnosis in those with a non-respiratory diagnosis (93 vs. 60% predicted, p< 0.005). In patients with bronchiectasis FEV1 increased from 60 to 75% predicted at 1 yr; this increase was maintained at 4 yrs (78% predicted). No increase in FEV1 in those with a non-respiratory diagnosis. Conclusions: Adult diagnosed CF patients do demonstrate significant improvements in both nutritional and respiratory status in response to CF centre treatment and care, especially those with PI and bronchiectasis.

Using Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) Gray in a Short Fallow System to Increase Soil Phosphorus Availability on a Costa Rican Andosol

This study evaluated aboveground pruning biomass production in a naturally regenerated fallow (NF), and in monoculture with a leguminous species (CF), and a non-leguminous species (TF) on an Andosol in Costa Rica. The effect of pruning biomass removal or addition on bean grain yield and soil P fractions was also evaluated. Biomass production and nutrient input was significantly greater (p>0.05) in the TF treatment. Macronutrient content of the pruned biomass was not significantly different (p>0.05) between treatments, but C/N and C/P ratios were significantly lower (p>0.05) in the CF treatment. Bean grain yields were significantly greater (p>0.05) only when TF biomass was added to the soil as mulch. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the amount of P in the labile and potentially labile fractions between treatments, and the inter-conversion mechanisms between non-labile soil P and labile fractions occurred in diverse directions, not necessarily following the inverse strength sequence of the Hedley P fractionation procedure.

Numerical simulation on the influence of water spray in thermal plasma treatment of CF 4 gas

Nitrogen thermal plasma generated by a non-transferred DC arc plasma torch was used to decompose tetrafluoromethane (CF 4). In the thermal decomposition process, water was used as a chemical reactant source. Two kinds of water spray methods were compared: water spray directly to the arc plasma flame and indirectly to the reactor tube wall. Although the same operating conditions of input power, waste gas, and sprayed water flow rate were employed for each water spray methods, a relatively higher decomposition rate was achieved in the case of water spray to the reactor wall. In order to investigate the effects of water spraying direction on the thermal decomposition process, a numerical simulation on the thermal plasma flow characteristics was carried out considering water injection in the reactor. The simulation was performed using commercial fluid dynamics software of the FLUENT, which is suitable for calculating a complex flow. From the results, it was revealed that water spray to the reactor wall and use of a relatively small quantity of water are more effective methods for decomposition of CF 4, because a sufficiently high temperature area and long reaction time can be maintained over large area.

An energy-rich diet enhances expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 and 3 messenger RNA in rumen epithelium of goat1

Rumen epithelial Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) catalyzes the exchange of extracellular Na(+) for intracellular H(+). Thus, it is of importance in the maintenance of Na and pH homeostasis of rumen epithelial cells. We have tested the hypothesis that an increase in energy and protein intake induces alterations of NHE isoform 1, 2, and 3 (NHE1, NHE1, and NHE3, respectively) mRNA abundance in the rumen epithelium of goats. Goats (n = 26) were randomly allocated to 2 experiments (n = 16 in Exp. 1, and n = 10 in Exp. 2) and fed either peanut straw ad libitum [PNS, n = 8 in Exp. 1, and n = 5 in Exp. 2; 600 kJ of ME/(kg(0.75)·d)] or PNS + concentrate [CF, n = 8 in Exp. 1, and n = 5 in Exp. 2; 1,000 kJ of ME/(kg(0.75)·d)] for 42 d. Concentrate (400 g/d) was given daily (0800 to 1700 h) in 4 equal portions at 3-h intervals. In Exp. 1, the goats were euthanized 2 h after the last portion of concentrate was fed, and in Exp. 2, the goats were euthanized after a fasting period of 16 h. In Exp. 1, goats in the CF treatment exhibited a greater ruminal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration (140.6 ± 1.30 mM) compared with those in the PNS treatment (114.3 ± 3.11 mM; P < 0.001), and pH decreased from 6.9 ± 0.09 to 5.9 ± 0.04 (P < 0.001). Correspondingly, the mRNA expression of NHE1 and NHE3 in the rumen epithelium was greater by 20% (P = 0.041) and 25% (P = 0.043) for goats in the CF treatment than for those in the PNS treatment. However, in Exp. 2, 16 h of fasting abolished differences in ruminal SCFA concentration, pH, and NHE mRNA expression between goats in the CF and PNS treatments. In both Exp. 1 and 2, a positive correlation was observed between ruminal SCFA concentration and expression of mRNA in NHE1 and NHE3, whereas expression was negatively correlated with ruminal pH. In in vitro studies with isolated rumen epithelial cells from goats fed dried grass, exposure to pH of 6.8 or to 20 mM SCFA increased (P < 0.01) NHE1 and NHE3 mRNA expression, as compared with exposure to pH of 7.4 or the absence of SCFA. A combination of reduced pH (6.8) and SCFA (20 mM) further enhanced (P < 0.05) NHE1 and NHE3 mRNA expression, indicating synergism between an increased concentration of SCFA and low pH (P < 0.05). Messenger RNA expression of NHE2 did not vary in vitro with pH (6.8) or SCFA (20 mM) or in vivo in Exp. 1 and 2. Thus, diet-dependent rumen epithelial NHE1 and NHE3 expression is probably related to ruminal SCFA concentration and pH, but that is not the case with NHE2.

Nutrient source and tillage influences on nitrogen availability in a Southern Piedmont corn cropping system

Poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) litter (PL) is a readily available nutrient source for crop production in the Southeast USA. Long-term PL application may alter availability of N and the effect may be dependent on tillage practice. Tillage [no till (NT) vs. conventional (CT)] and N source (PL vs. commercial fertilizer CF) effects on N availability and plant uptake were evaluated in years 9, 10, and 11 of a long-term cropping systems study at the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, J. Phil Campbell Sr. Natural Resource Conservation Center, Watkinsville, GA, USA. Mineral N in the top 10 cm, measured in situ, varied each year and was influenced by time, tillage, and N source. In 2003 (year 9), soil mineral N content was greater in CT–CF (100 kg ha−1) than in NT–PL (95 kg ha−1) but in 2004 (year 10) and 2005 (year 11) it was lower in CT–CF (93 and 60 kg ha−1) compared to NT–PL (140 and 71 kg ha−1). Nitrogen mineralization rates were generally greater for PL than for CF treatments with the difference being almost 1 kg ha−1 day−1 in 2003. Mineralization rates were greater for NT–PL compared to CT–CF in 2004 and 2005. Across the three growing seasons, corn (Zea mays L.) aboveground biomass was consistently greater in the NT–PL treatment than in the NT–CF and CT–CF treatments. Correlation between aboveground biomass and N mineralization was greater for PL than for CF (0.75 vs. 0.48). Patterns of N mineralization and total soil mineral N indicated that the distribution of N through the growing season more closely matched corn N demand in PL treatments. Results indicate that improved N availability through the growing season, by combining NT and PL, can result in more profitable corn production in the southeast.

332* Validation of the treatment satisfaction questionnaire for medication (TSQM) in cystic fibrosis (CF)

Objectives: To assess the measurement properties of the TSQM, a 14-item questionnaire measuring 4 dimensions related to treatment satisfaction (Effectiveness; Side-effects; Convenience; Global satisfaction) in CF. Methods: The TSQM is a generic treatment satisfaction instrument validated in several chronic diseases but not used before in CF. It was included in the EAGER study, a randomized open-label clinical trial comparing a nebulized and a dry powder device for inhaled tobramycin in a CF population aged 6 years and above. The two treatment arms (N= 553) were pooled together to conduct psychometric analyses. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multi-trait analysis. Cronbach’s a were calculated to assess internal consistency reliability. Differential item functioning between responders who were assisted by a relative (patients below 12 years of age) and those who were not was sought for using logistic regression. Results: The quality of completion of the 14 TSQM items was excellent since all had less than 2% missing data. The CFA goodness-of-fit of the 4-dimension structure met commonly used standards (e.g. Goodness of Fit index = 0.92). In the multitrait analysis, all items met the convergent validity criterion and all but one met the discriminant validity. All Cronbach’s a were above 0.86, indicating very good reliability for all 4 dimensions. No item showed differential functioning related to mode of administration (alone vs. with the assistance of a relative). Conclusion: The TSQM showed excellent measurement properties that strongly support the use of this instrument to assess patient satisfaction with inhaled CF treatments.

333 FEV 1 presented as graphs, does this improve understanding of respiratory function and improve treatment adherence?

Objectives: To assess the measurement properties of the TSQM, a 14-item questionnaire measuring 4 dimensions related to treatment satisfaction (Effectiveness; Side-effects; Convenience; Global satisfaction) in CF. Methods: The TSQM is a generic treatment satisfaction instrument validated in several chronic diseases but not used before in CF. It was included in the EAGER study, a randomized open-label clinical trial comparing a nebulized and a dry powder device for inhaled tobramycin in a CF population aged 6 years and above. The two treatment arms (N= 553) were pooled together to conduct psychometric analyses. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multi-trait analysis. Cronbach’s a were calculated to assess internal consistency reliability. Differential item functioning between responders who were assisted by a relative (patients below 12 years of age) and those who were not was sought for using logistic regression. Results: The quality of completion of the 14 TSQM items was excellent since all had less than 2% missing data. The CFA goodness-of-fit of the 4-dimension structure met commonly used standards (e.g. Goodness of Fit index = 0.92). In the multitrait analysis, all items met the convergent validity criterion and all but one met the discriminant validity. All Cronbach’s a were above 0.86, indicating very good reliability for all 4 dimensions. No item showed differential functioning related to mode of administration (alone vs. with the assistance of a relative). Conclusion: The TSQM showed excellent measurement properties that strongly support the use of this instrument to assess patient satisfaction with inhaled CF treatments.

The Influence of Plasma Surface Treatment of Carbon Fibers on the Flexural and Tribological Properties of UHMWPE Composite

In this paper, the wear performance of a ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composites filled with carbon fiber (CF/UHMWPE) were studied using a pin-on-disc method. The effects of surface treatment of CF and sliding load and on the friction and wear of the CF/UHMWPE composite are reported. It was observed that the sliding load is an important controlling factors; its effect is diminished when the CF is modified.

Effect of biofloc technology (BFT) on the early postlarval stage of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis: growth performance, floc composition and salinity stress tolerance

Biofloc rearing media provides a potential food source for shrimp reared in limited or zero water exchange systems. This culture system is environmentally friendly as it is based on limited water use and minimal effluent is released into the surrounding environment. In this study, we evaluated the survival, growth performance and salinity stress tolerance of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis postlarvae reared from PL10 to PL25 in a biofloc technology limited water exchange system. PL (mean ± SD weight and length of 14 ± 10 mg and 8.10 ± 0.7 mm, respectively) were reared in nine 40-L plastic tanks with a stocking density of 10PL/L. Three culture treatments were applied (1) culture in the presence of bioflocs and commercial feed supply (FLOC + CF); (2) culture in the presence of biofloc without feed supply (FLOC) and (3) culture in clear water with feed supply (control). Final biomass and survival were significantly higher in FLOC + CF treatment than the control (P 0.05) between treatments was found for salinity tolerance over 24 and 48 h durations. The proximate analysis of floc shown high levels of crude protein (30.4%), but low levels of crude lipids (0.5%). The continuous availability of bioflocs had a significant effect on growth and survival of F. paulensis postlarvae cultured in BFT nursery systems.

Effects of elevated ozone concentration on methane emission from a rice paddy in Yangtze River Delta, China

AbstractFew investigations have been made on the impact of elevated ozone (O3) concentration on methane (CH4) emission from rice paddies. Using open‐top chambers in situ with different O3 treatments, CH4 emissions were measured in a rice paddy in Yangtze River Delta, China in 2007 and 2008. There were four treatments applied: charcoal‐filtered air (CF), nonfiltered air (NF), and charcoal‐filtered air with different O3 additions (O3‐1 and O3‐2). The mean O3 concentrations during the O3 fumigation were 19.7, 22.6, 69.6 and 118.6 ppb in 2007 and 7.0, 17.4, 82.2 and 138.3 ppb in 2008 for treatments CF, NF, O3‐1 and O3‐2, respectively. The rice yields, as compared with CF, were reduced by 32.8% and 37.1%, 58.3% and 52.1% in treatments O3‐1 and O3‐2 in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The diurnal patterns of CH4 emission varied temporally with treatments and there was inconsistence in diurnal variations in CH4 emissions from the paddy field. The daily mean CH4 emissions were significantly lower in treatments O3‐1 and O3‐2 than those in treatments CF and NF. Compared with CF treatment, CH4 emissions from the paddy field were decreased to 46.5% and 38.3%, 50.6% and 46.8% under treatments O3‐1 and O3‐2 in the whole growing seasons of 2007 and 2008, respectively. The seasonal mean CH4 emissions were negatively related with AOT40 (accumulative O3 concentration above 40 ppb; P &lt; 0.01 in both years), but positively related to the relative rice yield (reference to CF; P &lt; 0.01 in 2007 and P &lt; 0.001 in 2008), aboveground biomass (P &lt; 0.01 in both years) and underground biomass (P &lt; 0.01 in 2007 and P &lt; 0.05 in 2008). The decreased CH4 emission from the rice paddy due to an increased O3 exposure might partially mitigate the global warming potential induced by soil carbon loss under elevated O3 concentrations.

Targeting the Channel: CF Treatment Gets Personal

A drug that targets a specific mutated form of the protein that causes cystic fibrosis improves the protein’s function and disease symptoms.

Perceptions of barriers and facilitators: Self-management decisions by older adolescents and adults with CF

Background Adherence to CF treatments is poor, which can lead to negative health outcomes. The objective of our study was to qualitatively investigate the barriers and facilitators of self-management among older adolescents and adults with CF. Methods Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and coded to identify common themes. Results Twenty-five patients were interviewed. Four broad themes were identified: Barriers to Self-Management (e.g., treatment burden (identified by 64% of patients), accidental or purposeful forgetting (60%), no perceived benefit (56%)), Facilitators of Self-Management (e.g., CF clinic visits (76%), social support (68%), perceived benefit (68%)), Substitution of Alternative Approaches to Conventional Management (36%) and Planned Non-adherence (32%). Conclusions Older adolescents and adults with CF identified many barriers and facilitators of adherence that may be amenable to self-management counseling strategies, particularly the use of health feedback.

유채 잔유물의 녹비 이용에 따른 벼 생육특성 및 잡초발생 억제효과

Rape residue as green manure is an emerging alternative of chemical fertilizer to improve soil quality and crop productivity. Objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of rape residue as green manure on reduction of chemical fertilizer and suppression of weed occurrence in rice-rape double cropping system. Greenhouse experiment was conducted with four treatments: the combination of rape residue and three different N application rates (0, 30 and 70% of recommended application rate (7.8 kg N )) and 100% chemical fertilizer as a control. No difference in rice clum length was observed for all treatments, while panicle length was highest in a treatment of rape residue+70% chemical fertilizer (Rape+70%CF). In addition, rice grain weight at a Rape+70%CF treatment increased by 19% compared to the control. This treatment also reduced weed density and biomass by 58 and 53%, respectively, compared to the control. Our results suggest that use of rape residues as green manure is an environment friendly and effective way to reduce chemical fertilizer and to enhance crop productivity in rice-rape double cropping system in Korea.

Effects of fungal residues return on soil enzymatic activities and fertility dynamics in a paddy soil under a rice-wheat rotation in Chengdu Plain

In the Peoples Republic of China, more than 4 Mt of fungal residues needs to be treated yearly. To investigate the effect of Agaricus bisporus residues return on soil fertility, this study compared the effects of five treatments on soil nutrients, soil enzymatic activities, N use efficiency and crop yields in a paddy soil under a rice-wheat rotation. Five treatments were designed including application of chemical fertilizer only (CF), a combined application of 30% fungal residues and 70% chemical fertilizer with the ratio of total N in the fungal residues to that in CF being 0.3:1 (30%FR), a combined application of 70% fungal residues and 30% chemical fertilizer with the ratio of total N in the fungal residues to that in CF being 0.7:1 (70%FR), a full dose of fungal residues return only with the ratio of total N in fungal residues to that in CF being 1:1 (100%FR), and a full return of fungal residues only with the ratio of total N in fungal residues to that in CF being 1.5:1 (150%FR). We found that the content of soil nutrients and soil enzymatic activities in the same treatment were higher at VGS (vegetative growth stage) than at RGS (reproductive growth stage) in rice and wheat seasons. 100%FR and 150%FR treatments had higher level of soil organic matter, available N, P, K, invertase, urease, neutral-phosphatase, catalase, N use efficiency and crop yields than CF treatment. These results indicated that A. bisporus residues return could positively affect soil nutrients, soil enzymatic activities, N use efficiency and crop yields as organic manure in a paddy soil. The information obtained will be helpful to more rational utilization of fungal residues.

Growth and physiological performance responses to drought stress under non-flooded rice cultivation with straw mulching

A field experiment was performed to investigate the growth performance and the growth stage-dependent changes in activities of antioxidative enzymes and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves of rice subjected to treatment with (NF-M) or without straw mulching (NF-WM) under non-flooded conditions compared with continuously flooded treatment (CF). Compared with the NF-WM treatment, mulch application significantly increased the flag leaf area per plant before heading, tillers number and plant height at the early period of tillering stage. There was no significant difference between the yield of the NF-WM and CF treatment. However, the yield of NF-WM treatment was significantly lower than CF and NF-M treatments. Significantly higher activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) but lower concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in straw mulching treatment than in treatment without mulching at elongation, heading and grain filling stages. The change tendency of antioxidant enzyme activity and MDA level was in line both with soil moisture status and rice yields of different treatments.

Abstracts of Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi

Abstracts of Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi