Certain Types Of Disabilities Research Articles

IMPLEMENTASI KUOTA TENAGA KERJA PENYANDANG DISABILITAS GUNA MEWUJUDKAN PEMENUHAN HAK BEKERJA

This study aims to explore the quota of disabled workers in companies in Tangerang City. To obtain research data information, purposive sampling method is used to determine which companies can be the object of research. The selected company is a private company in Tangerang City. Interview method with the determination of informants through the snowball technique. The findings of this study are that the implementation of the quota for persons with disabilities in Tangerang City still does not fully meet the quota according to the mandate of Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities, this can be seen from the monitoring results of the Tangerang City Manpower Office in 2022 that only 144 people with disabilities work and are spread across 7 companies in Indonesia. Tangerang City. This is partly due to the lack of job training for persons with disabilities held by the Tangerang City Manpower Office and the lack of companies and organizations for persons with disabilities that are partnered with the Tangerang City Manpower Office to be invited to cooperate in distributing workers with disabilities to companies in Tangerang City. Some of the obstacles that exist in fulfilling quotas for people with disabilities in the world of work include the number of companies that do not open job vacancies, both companies that do not know the quota for workers with disabilities mandated by Law Number 8 of 2016 and those who already know, companies still have doubts if people with disabilities have disabilities. people with disabilities can work, companies only accept certain types of disabilities, companies require a minimum of a Diploma three graduate as well as disability adjustment in the world of work which is still difficult so that companies consider whether or not a disability is accepted for work as well as providing accessibility for high-cost people with disabilities who can't afford it. provided by the company so that they choose not to employ persons with disabilities.

Sexual Violence against Children with Disabilities: A Danish National Birth Cohort Prospective Study.

Children with disabilities are at heightened risk of sexual violence compared to non-disabled peers. We aimed to examine the associations between ten childhood disabilities and sexual victimization. Data were drawn from the Danish Psychiatric Case Register, the Criminal Register, and other population-based registers. Children born between 1994 and 2001 (n=570,351) were followed until 18 years of age. Using logistic regression, the association between the disabilities and risk of sexual victimisation was estimated. We identified 8,860 cases of sexual victimization towards children and adolescents. In the fully adjusted models, children with a diagnosis of ADHD, speech disability and intellectual disability were at highest risk of sexual victimization. Children with comorbid disabilities were particularly vulnerable to sexual victimization. We found that children with certain types of disability have a higher risk of sexual victimization. Our findings indicate that educational institutions and health care professionals should be aware of and have specialized training in, recognizing and assessing sexual victimization among children with disabilities.

Birth Outcomes of Infants Born to Mothers With Disability: A Population at Risk.

Birth Outcomes of Infants Born to Mothers With Disability: A Population at Risk.

Mediation Availability for Persons with Certain Types of Disability: Case Study Covering Wielkopolska

Mediation Availability for Persons with Certain Types of Disability: Case Study Covering Wielkopolska

Medication Adherence in Patients With Glaucoma and Disability

People with disabilities tend to have lower medication adherence. Glaucoma medication adherence has been scantly studied for people with disability. To determine whether disability leads to reduced glaucoma medication adherence and whether this decrease varies by type of disability. This population-based case-control study enrolled individuals with glaucoma and without disability, who were followed up until they received disability certification. All patients in Taiwan with confirmed glaucoma in 1 or both eyes were identified using National Health Insurance claims data. All patients with glaucoma who required glaucoma medication adherence (confirmed glaucoma, suspected glaucoma, and patients with ocular hypertension) and had newly obtained disability status after December 31, 2013, were identified and matched to counterparts without disability based on age and sex. The study period was January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2017. Data were analyzed from May 2021 to August 2021. All patients were followed up until they obtained confirmed disability status, which was identified using the National Disability Registry in Taiwan. Secondary adherence was measured using frequencies of glaucoma medication refills and outpatient visits at 1-year and 2-year intervals. A total of 46 468 patients with glaucoma (23 234 with disability and 23 234 without disability; 24 508 men [52.7%]; 21 960 women [47.3%] mean [SD] age, 72.5 [14.3] years) were included in the study. Overall, the frequency of glaucoma outpatient visits was higher in people with disabilities than those without disabilities both before the index dates (difference, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.57-0.72]; P < .001) and after the index dates (difference, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.27-0.41]; P < .001) when using 1-year intervals. However, when stratified by the type of disability, having limb disability, being in a vegetative state, and having dementia were associated with fewer outpatient visits and lower medication adherence (at a maximum of 17.60 [95% CI, 8.90-26.30] percentage points lower; P < .001) compared with people without disability. Adjusted regression results revealed that people with visual disability had a mean of 2.50 (95% CI, 2.34-2.67) times more glaucoma outpatient visits than their matches who were disability free (P < .001). Certain types of disability can reduce glaucoma medication adherence by up to 17.60%. Policies targeting medication adherence should consider these disability types.

NURSING STUDENTS' VIEWS ON WORKING WITH CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

the provision of health care facilities for children with disabilities.&#x0D; Purpose: To study the motives of nursing students for choosing to work with children with disabilities; to know about their opinion about the sufficiency of the duration of their internship and the undergraduate internship in centers for with children with disabilities; to understand the factors influencing the professional competencies of nursing students to work with children with disabilities.&#x0D; Materials and methods: A survey was conducted among 219 students majoring in Nursing through a structured questionnaire.&#x0D; Students expressed their opinion that the duration of the internship in institutions for children with disabilities should be increased [t (2017) = 12.387; p-level &lt; 0.001]. They indicated their willingness to work with children with disabilities [t (217) = 15.432; p-level &lt; 0.001]. Students shared that they experience higher psycho-emotional stress while working with children with disabilities [t (217) = 7.337; p-level &lt; 0.001]. They also believed that the introduction of an elective subject on children with certain types of disabilities would improve their preparedness [t (217) = 8.562; p-level &lt; 0.001].&#x0D; Conclusion: The study revealed that the nursing students believe that the present model of student training related to the care of children with disabilities require changes in the following ways: introduction of a separate module Nursing care for children with disabilities; introduction of an elective course on nursing care for children with disabilities; application of pedagogical and psychological approaches for developing the skills for coping with stress; increasing the duration of the internship in the fourth year of study for working with children with disabilities.

A Preliminary Study of Students With Disabilities in ‘Flexi’ Education Settings

Abstract Flexible learning programs (FLPs) provide a place for students who have disengaged and disconnected from mainstream schools. Despite the legislative framework in Australia supporting the participation of students with disability in their local mainstream schools wherever possible, very little research focusing on whether students with disability are being excluded from, or dropping out of, mainstream schools into these FLPs has been conducted. In this paper, we report on the findings of an online cross-sectional survey of FLP leaders about their student populations, with a focus on the 10 most prevalent disabilities among Australian children. Data from the 22 participants who completed all items of the survey were analysed. The participants’ (n = 22) schools represented a total enrolment of 2,383 students in FLPs across Australia: Tasmania (n = 3), Victoria (n = 5), New South Wales (n = 5), Queensland (n = 4), Western Australia (n = 3), and South Australia (n = 2). We found that while there was an apparent overrepresentation of students with certain types of disabilities in FLPs, others were not overrepresented at all. The findings of this preliminary study are discussed, with an exploration of issues relating to why students with some disabilities may be more likely to disengage, or be excluded, from mainstream schooling while others are not, as well as recommendations for future research.

The Impact of Organizational Constraints on the Type of Disability Targeted for Recruitment

Studies indicate that organizations target certain types of disability over others for mainstream employment. So, how do organizations decide on “who (types of disability) to recruit” as part of their targeted recruitment strategy? Through seventeen in-depth interviews with senior leaders in organizations that employ Persons with Disability (PwD), the study highlights emerging themes regarding organizational constraints that leaders consider, while designing the strategy. The various themes are identified as: accessibility of infrastructure; organization structure (rigid/flexible); familiarity with the disability type; budget for inclusive interventions; nature of work; and variety of roles. Based on present findings and the contextual approach to targeted recruitment, we discuss implications for research and practice.

Functional Disabilities and Nursing Home Admittance

This paper examines how inability to perform activities of daily living relates to the risk of nursing home admission over older adults' life courses. Using longitudinal data on persons over age 50 from the Health and Retirement Study, we show that aging one year boosts the probability of having two or more disabilities by 9 to 12 percent in a multivariate logistic model. Moreover, at least three-fifths of all 65-year-old men and three-quarters of women will experience disability levels during their remaining lifetimes severe enough to trigger nursing home admission. Our analysis also suggests that certain types of disability are more important than others in predicting nursing home admittance and use, which has implications for the design and benefits triggers for long-term care insurance programs.

Disability-Related Disparities in Access to Health Care Before (2008-2010) and After (2015-2017) the Affordable Care Act.

Objectives. To explore the effect of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on disparities in access to health care based on disability status, as well as age, income, race, and ethnicity. Methods. In this study, I used logistic regression to analyze nationally representative data from 128 000 respondents to the US National Health Interview Survey from 2008 to 2010 and 2015 to 2017. Outcome variables were uninsurance over the previous 12 months, delayed or forgone health care for reasons of cost, and having a regular provider at a doctor's office or health clinic. Results. Over the period when the ACA was implemented, large existing disparities in access to health care were reduced for people with certain types of disabilities, young adults aged 19 to 25 years, and low-income families. Conclusions. The ACA improved overall access to health care and reduced some disparities, but substantial disparities persist. Disability status remains associated with much greater risk of delayed or forgone care, and mental health disability is associated with greater likelihood of uninsurance. Public Health Implications. The ACA partially achieved its goals and must not be weakened or rolled back. Further policy efforts are needed to address the remaining disparities.

Probit vs. semi-nonparametric estimation: examining the role of disability on institutional entry for older adults

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to showcase an advanced methodological approach to model disability and institutional entry. Both of these are important areas to investigate given the on-going aging of the United States population. By 2020, approximately 15% of the population will be 65 years and older. Many of these older adults will experience disability and require formal care.Methods: A probit analysis was employed to determine which disabilities were associated with admission into an institution (i.e. long-term care). Since this framework imposes strong distributional assumptions, misspecification leads to inconsistent estimators. To overcome such a short-coming, this analysis extended the probit framework by employing an advanced semi-nonparamertic maximum likelihood estimation utilizing Hermite polynomial expansions.Results: Specification tests show semi-nonparametric estimation is preferred over probit. In terms of the estimates, semi-nonparametric ratios equal 42 for cognitive difficulty, 64 for independent living, and 111 for self-care disability while probit yields much smaller estimates of 19, 30, and 44, respectively.Conclusions: Public health professionals can use these results to better understand why certain interventions have not shown promise. Equally important, healthcare workers can use this research to evaluate which type of treatment plans may delay institutionalization and improve the quality of life for older adults.Implications for rehabilitationWith on-going global aging, understanding the association between disability and institutional entry is important in devising successful rehabilitation interventions.Semi-nonparametric is preferred to probit and shows ambulatory and cognitive impairments present high risk for institutional entry (long-term care).Informal caregiving and home-based care require further examination as forms of rehabilitation/therapy for certain types of disabilities.

Instrumentos para Avaliação Psicológica de Pessoas com Deficiência Visual: Tecnologias para Desenvolvimento e Adaptação

A adaptação dos testes psicológicos para pessoas com deficiência é um processo de alta complexidade, o qual requer cuidados especiais na qualidade e acessibilidade dos instrumentos. Em se tratando da deficiência visual faz-se necessário atender a diferentes graus de comprometimento visual, os quais geralmente inviabilizam a realização dos testes psicológicos nos formatos tradicionais. Durante a adaptação dos instrumentos as tecnologias se tornam grandes aliadas, já que as Tecnologias Assistivas permitem que as pessoas com deficiência visual utilizem o computador e a Internet com praticamente as mesmas vantagens que os videntes. Deste modo, destaca-se a importância da modernização dos instrumentos psicológicos utilizando-se das tecnologias disponíveis no mercado. Contudo, quando estas são aplicadas nas adaptações dos testes apenas para grupos específicos, pessoas com certo tipo de deficiência e sem deficiência não se beneficiam dos instrumentos. Com o objetivo de minimizar tal limitação, foi proposto o Desenho Universal que busca a acessibilidade plena ou máxima possível. Assim, com a aplicação do Desenho Universal e das novas tecnologias no desenvolvimento de instrumentos psicológicos é possível contemplar uma população ampla, independentemente de suas variações corporais, potencializando a acessibilidade.

Descriptive epidemiology of hereditary musculoskeletal and limb defects in the isolated population of Chitral, North-West Pakistan.

Objectives:Musculoskeletal and limb defects (MLDs) are the major categories in hereditary anomalies and are a significant source of the disabilities. This study aimed at elucidating the nature and pattern of MLDs prevalent in Chitral district, which is an isolated population in the North-West of Pakistan.Methods:A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in Chitral and subjects/families with MLDs were ascertained from public places, hospitals and door-to-door visits. The phenotypic manifestations, expressivity, sporadic/familial presentations, isolated/syndromic nature, inheritance pattern, and socio-demographic attributes, of MLDs were observed.Results:A total of 153 independent subjects/families with certain types of MLDs were recruited. The MLDs were classified into 9 major and 22 minor entities. In this cohort, polydactyly was observed to be overwhelmingly common (71%), followed by syndactyly and absence limb deformities. The majority of the cases (78%) had sporadic nature, 93% anomalies had isolated presentations; upper limbs were more commonly affected than the lower limbs; and unilateral cases were twice in ratio than bilateral. The majority of the malformations had milder phenotypes, however, 17% of the MLDs were severe in nature and resulted in certain types of disability, compromising the normal life of the subject.Conclusion:This research witnesses a distinctive pattern of MLDs in Chitral, which has not been reported for any other population of Pakistan so far. Further studies are required to observe the molecular etiologies of these malformations and to offer rapid diagnosis and genetic counseling.

Employer attitudes toward workers with disabilities: A review of research in the past decade

The purpose of this review was to provide an update of research findings on employers' attitudes toward workers with disabilities. Fifteen studies published in the last decade were examined. It was found that employers showed positive general attitudes toward workers with disabilities, but had some reservations toward hiring workers with certain types of disabilities. Positive past experiences with individuals with disabilities were associated with more willingness to hire and retain employees with disabilities. However, fewer concerns were identified in this review than previous reviews.

Ageing, disability and long-term care

The probability of entering a nursing home is not the same for everyone. Age, being a woman, and living alone are all risk factors. These risk factors are also interrelated: women have a higher probability of entering a nursing home, largely because they live longer and are more likely to live alone during their last years. Disability also increases the risk of entering a nursing home. The more assistance a person needs, the greater the risk of being institutionalized. Certain types of disabilities have also been associated with increased risk of nursing home admission. For example, people who are cognitively impaired have a greater probability of entering a nursing home because cognitive disorders usually require constant supervision. The existence of informal caregivers reduces the risk of nursing home use. Many studies have closely examined the role of informal caregivers in reducing the probability of nursing home admission. These studies also show that the attitude families have towards nursing homes influences the institutionalization of a family member. Most users of nursing-home care have multiple and severe impairments, and they are dependent for care in more than three activities of daily living. In relation to general health, the institutionalized elderly have a multiple variety of diagnoses. The more common are diseases of the circulatory system, along with the mental disorders associated with that problem. Those with dementia normally have behavioral problems. Many recent studies have estimated that nursing home utilization rates may be declining, and that the decline will continue to occur even though the number of very old is increasing. However, it is difficult to find a simple reason to explain trends in institutionalization. Declining utilization rates can be better explained by a reduction of supply, rather than by a decrease in the of prevalence of severe disability. Financing of nursing home care – and who pays for it – is a particularly salient issue with regard to public expenses. Admission control, and payment for complexity, thus become priorities for those who manage this type of long-term care. The group includes family members, providers, and care-payers. In Portugal, the payment for long-term care is a co-payment divided between the elderly, or their family members, and the state.

Uninsured persons with disability confront substantial barriers to health care services

Background Despite social “safety net” programs, many U.S. residents with disabilities lack insurance coverage and thus risk financial barriers to accessing care. The study objectives were to characterize working-age adults with disabilities who lack health insurance and to examine their self-reported barriers to care. Methods The authors conducted analyses of nationally representative Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data from 2000 through 2006. Results During this time period, 14.8% of working-age U.S. residents lacked health insurance, including 11.6% of persons with disabilities. Focusing only on uninsured individuals, persons with disabilities were significantly ( p = .001) more likely than those without disabilities to have a usual source of care. However, on 6 other access measures (those that comprised our composite indicator of access barriers), uninsured persons with disabilities reported barriers significantly ( p = .001) more often than did individuals without disabilities: 36.0% of uninsured persons with disabilities reported being unable to get necessary medical care, compared with 9.5% of uninsured, nondisabled persons; and 26.9% of uninsured persons with disabilities reported being unable to get necessary medications, compared with 5.3% of uninsured individuals without disabilities. Having a cognitive impairment produced the largest adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of reporting any access barrier (1.64, 95% CI 144-1.87), while having lower body functional limitations or hearing deficits also produced relatively high AORs (1.47, 1.32-1.65 and 1.48, 1.11-1.98, respectively). Conclusions Uninsured individuals with disabilities confront significantly more barriers to accessing care than do nondisabled persons without health insurance. Certain types of disabilities appear especially associated with experiencing access barriers, suggesting areas requiring particular attention.

Accessibility for People with Disabilities: Where Technology Helps and How Certain Disabilities are Being Left Behind

Considering the number of people with disabilities and also the increasing size of the aging population that will encounter age-related impairments, it becomes important to address the extent to which public places and workplace environments are made accessible and usable for people with disabilities. To address this issue we conducted practice-oriented research to gain an understanding of different tools and services that are available to people with disabilities in public places and typical work environments. Our goal is that by gaining an understanding of the current availabilities and missed opportunities, we will be able to identify the areas of potential improvement for enhancing accessibility. Our research suggests three areas in which to improve accessibility in public places and workplace environments: electronic/information technology (i.e., Section 508, WCAG, etc.), physical access (i.e., ADA), and physical design of equipment and tools (i.e., Section 508). The results indicate two major areas that cause the most problems for people with certain types of disabilities. One problem area is the design of equipment and other consumer products. The other is Web pages that are not designed in accordance with the accessibility requirements. These cause serious problems for people with mechanical and visual disabilities.

Managing injury risks for children with disabilities and chronic health conditions: parent perspectives

IntroductionResearch indicates a higher risk of injury for children with certain types of disabilities and chronic health conditions. Parents play a large role in mitigating childhood injury risks, yet there...

Person-related and service-related factors predicting employment of individuals with disabilities

This exploratory study investigated the best predictors of employment among 13,751 individuals with disabilities who have exited from a state-federal VR services program in a US state in the south. Logistic regression analyses, which were conducted separately for nine categories of disabilities, indicated that only models of three disability categories (visual, hearing, and "other" disabilities) were significantly different from the corresponding constant-only models and improved the prediction accuracy of employment outcome over the null model. The findings suggested that males were more likely to be employed than females among individuals with visual and "other" disabilities; and ethnic minorities were more likely to be employed than those who were part of the majority ethnicity (Caucasian) among individuals with hearing and "other" disability types. Further, services directly targeting employment-related variables (training for and obtaining a job) and having a positive, forward-oriented perspective during the vocational rehabilitation process were significantly more likely to increase the likelihood of employment after the rehabilitation process among individuals with certain types of disabilities.

Injuries Among US Children With Different Types of Disabilities

We sought to determine whether risk of injury differs among children on the basis of the type of disability, and whether the characteristics of injury episodes differ by disability status. We used nationally representative data from the 1997-2005 National Health Interview Survey to compare medically attended injuries among children aged 0 to 17 years who had and did not have a disability. Characteristics of injury episodes were compared by disability status. We calculated prevalence and risk of injury by type of disability. Children who had a single disability had a significantly higher prevalence of injury than children without a disability (3.8% vs 2.5%; P<.01). Characteristics of injury episodes did not differ significantly by disability status (P>.05). After we controlled for sociodemographic variables, we found that only children with emotional or behavioral problems had a significantly higher risk of injury compared with children without a disability (prevalence ratio=1.50; 95% confidence interval=1.15, 1.97; P<.01). Children with certain types of disabilities are at a significantly higher risk of injuries than are children without disabilities, but the characteristics of injuries are similar.