Ceramic Tiles Research Articles (Page 1)

Glazed ceramic floor tiles are considered a distinctive feature of the decoration of Old Russian churches. Items with polychrome ornamentation represent a limited group of finds among them. The first discovery of such tiles at the Golden Gate in Vladimir was made during archaeological research in 2023. The characteristics of the pigments in their glazes were studied using Raman spectroscopy. We have identified the use of sphene (titanite) to create a milky yellow glaze in the outline plant ornament instead of the traditional lead-tin dye. A comparison is made with a yellow lead stannate glaze on the surface of a single-color tile. The green background glaze on the polychrome sample is made using a composition of lead-tin pigment and copper acetate. Analysis of the purple elements of the tiles showed the use of indigo. The features of the pigments of the studied glazed tiles are analyzed through the lens of external relations of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality in the 12 th century.

Pre-industrial production of recycled ceramic tiles using construction and demolition waste: Exploring their technological feasibility

Development of eco-friendly ceramic tiles incorporating sugarcane bagasse ash

An energy based enhanced imaging method for debonding evaluation in tile panels using Lamb wave time reversal with limited sensor numbers.

The role of design in corporate strategy is increasingly recognized as a catalyst for innovation, competitive differentiation, and organizational growth. This study explores the integration of design leadership, design thinking, and academic-industry collaboration as strategic enablers for business per- formance. Conducted within the Project in Product Design II (PDP II) at the Universidade de Aveiro, in partnership with Revigrés, a Portuguese ceramic tile manufacturer, the initiative served as a prototype for examining the role of the Chief Design Officer (CDO) in managing design processes and aligning them with business objectives.This study contributes to the discourse on design leadership by demonstrating how companies can embed design methodologies within corporate structures. Future research should examine the long-term impact of design governance, internal advocacy, and academic-industry partnerships in scaling design-led innovation within business environments.

Incorporating recycled materials into concrete presents a viable strategy for enhancing sustainability in construction. Ceramic tile waste (CTW), a hard-to-dispose by-product from construction activity, represents a critical environmental concern due to its non-biodegradable nature and landfill burden. This work evaluates M30 grade concrete prepared with 30% Recycled Coarse Aggregate (RCA) and 30% Ceramic Tile Waste (CTW) as partial replacements for natural coarse aggregate. Three concrete mixes—control, RCA-30%, and CTW-30%—were evaluated through mechanical tests, selective durability tests (only for RCA), and environmental assessment using Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) across real-time construction case studies. Mechanical testing showed that RCA concrete achieved a 28-day compressive strength of 36.50 MPa, flexural strength of 4.52 MPa, and split tensile strength of 3.85 MPa, satisfying IS 456:2000 performance requirements. The CTW mix attained 31.19 MPa compressive, 4.44 MPa flexural, and 3.87 MPa tensile strength, indicating adequate performance for secondary structural elements. Durability assessments, conducted for RCA mixes, revealed strength losses of 7.95% in acid, 14.55% in chloride, and 14.58% in sulphate environments, alongside low permeability and retained integrity at 600°C. Environmental impact was quantified using both manual lifecycle calculations and One Click LCA software. Results demonstrated a 20.2% reduction in energy consumption and CO₂ emission savings of 22.4% for commercial and 20.6% for residential structures. The findings confirm RCA’s structural and environmental suitability (94% compressive strength retention, CO₂ savings up to 22.4%), while CTW showed acceptable strength for non-structural applications.

Possibilities of using waste ceramic roof tiles and clinker bricks for cement production

In this study, the effects of batch and continuous grinding on the ceramic floor tile body were investigated in terms of cost, capacity, and technical aspects. In batch milling, a changing speed during grinding was more efficient than a constant speed. Capacity and energy consumption increased as the mill rotation speed increased in continuous grinding. Specific energy consumptions were measured as 36 kW/ton and 43.1 kW/ton, with 1.6 ton/h and 8.375 t/h capacities. Additionally, d10, d50, and d90 values for ground ceramic floor tile bodies were determined to be 2.5, 9.5, and 47.2 µm and 2.5, 9.4, and 48.1 µm for batch and continuous grinding, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the color and shrinkage values, while water absorptions were calculated to be 1.1% and 0.3% as sintering properties for batch and continuous methods, respectively. In the phase analysis of a sintered body prepared using the continuous method, mullite and quartz were observed, while microcline was also analyzed differently from such minerals for the batch one. Structural changes, surface morphology, and roughness were also interpreted by DTA/TG, SEM, and AFM analysis. The presence of plastic clay minerals during the grinding process in batch milling caused non-plastic raw materials not to be ground sufficiently, and sintering characteristics changed.

Abstract The ceramic tile industry is energy intensive, characterized by long firing times and high temperatures. Therefore, flash sintering (FS), which greatly conserves energy by completing sintering in a few seconds at low temperature, is of interest to this industry. In this study, FS was applied for the first time to ceramic wall tile bodies. The experiments were carried out at a furnace temperature of 900°C, under an applied field of 100 V/cm, and current densities of 50, 100, 150, and 200 mA/mm2. The influence of process parameters on phase and microstructure development, and water absorption and hardness properties were investigated. These results are compared to the traditional industrial/conventional process (CP). It was observed that the reactions among the raw materials were completed in a few seconds during flash. The microstructure was similar to the CP specimens. Water absorption (9.55%–10.32%), porosity (19.06%–23.92%), and bulk density (1.94–2 g/cm3) values were also found to be comparable. The bulk density increased and porosity decreased with higher current density. Besides quartz and anorthite, gehlenite phase was also detected in FS samples, which was absent in CP specimens. The hardness of the FS samples was approximately 25% lower than CP samples.

Development of fly ash-based ceramic tiles: exploring material properties and waste recycling potential

Effect of ceramic tile waste with permeable crystalline agent on the mechanical properties of cement mortar

The study explored the textures of tree barks in combination with various materials, including clay, laterite, feldspar, manganese and waste glass, to create ceramic art tiles. An art-based research design was employed throughout the project. Utilising a range of ceramic manufacturing techniques such as pulverisation, blending, slabbing, sprinkling, impressing and cutting, the researchers combined clay, feldspar, manganese and glass to produce slabs. These slabs were then coated with pulverised laterite to create the ceramic art tiles. Their surfaces were impressed with tree bark textures, resulting in unique tactile effects. A total of 2,450 tiles were produced, each measuring 9x16 centimetres. The tiles were robust, colourful, and impervious to water. The findings of the study established that art tiles can be produced locally to meet the demands of the construction industry and for export purposes, using recycled materials like waste glass and other readily available ceramic raw materials. The research advocates for the use of indigenous raw materials and techniques in the production of essential products such as art tiles. Incorporating recycled glass alongside ceramic materials offers an innovative approach to waste management.

Crystalline silica was categorized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a known human carcinogen. Activities related to the processing of ceramic tiles, releasing crystalline silica, may vary considerably in terms of hours worked per day and days worked per week. This variability could be particularly high for craftsmen who process ceramic materials directly on-site during installation. The aim of this study is to measure the likely exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) during ceramic tiles installation, evaluating the exposure to RCS of workers processing these tiles. Exposure assessments to RCS were conducted via both fixed-site and personal sampling for 2 working hours. The measured concentrations were calculated as 8-h time-weighted average (TWA) exposures, assuming no further RCS exposure in the time period. The permitted exposure time, not to exceed the occupational exposure limit (OEL) value, was then calculated also considering the assigned protection factor of selected respiratory protective equipment. The results of this study, considered as a worst-case simulation, show that, during the processing of ceramic tiles releasing RCS, the worker exposure can be very high (up to 240.9 µg/m3), exceedance of several OELs, including the European OEL of 100 µg/m³. Even working for a few hours a day, the RCS 8-h TWA OEL is likely to be exceeded. Inhaled exposure concentrations can be reduced by using appropriate respiratory protection, by a factor equal to 10 or 20. The assumption of this work was that (i) the cutting/grinding times are not always necessarily equal to 2h and that (ii) these processes are not characterized by pre-established and continuous processing times. For these reasons, it is important to carefully evaluate the duration of exposure to RCS during the various tasks/activities performed, as these may vary depending on different factors.

Deep learning enhanced quantitative debonding evaluation in tile panels using Lamb waves.

This study explored the sustainable fabrication of ceramic tiles using bamboo dust (BD) as a partial replacement for conventional mineral fillers, marble powder (MP), and white Dholpur stone powder (WDSP). Two composite series were prepared: Series A with BD and MP and Series B with BD and WDSP, each with varying BD content (0–8%). The raw materials were homogenised, shaped via uniaxial pressing, and sintered at 1145 °C. Physical and mechanical properties, such as linear shrinkage, loss on ignition, water absorption, apparent porosity, breaking strength, and modulus of rupture, were evaluated. Microstructural and phase analyses were conducted by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The optimal composition in Series A (8% BD, 4% MP) showed a modulus of rupture of 41.94 N/mm², while Series B (7% BD, 5% WDSP) reached 49.93 N/mm². Improvements in shrinkage control, reduced water absorption (as low as 9.72%), and enhanced strength (up to 490.5 N) were observed with increased BD. SEM images revealed better densification and XRD confirmed the presence of key silicate phases. These findings highlight BD’s effectiveness as a sustainable performance-enhancing additive in ceramic tile production, supporting its industrial-scale application as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional mineral fillers in green construction materials.

PT. XYZ is one of the leading manufacturers of ceramic tiles for walls and floors. The application of the lean warehousing method is carried out using Value Stream Mapping to map each flow of the process that occurs in warehousing activities. Determining the weight of each waste that occurs using the Waste Assessment Model (WAM) method. The results of the study show the order of waste or waste from the highest to the lowest percentage, namely defects are 20.15%, overproduction is 17.44%, unnecessary motion is 16.86%, unnecessary inventory is 16.78%, transportation is 11.55%, waiting is 11.33% and unappropriate processing is 5.88%. The three types of waste with the highest frequency of values in the warehousing flow process are waste defects with a value of 20.15%, waste overproduction with a value of 17.44%, and waste unnecessary motion with a value of 16.86%, unnecessary inventory 16.78%. The results of the activity simplification obtained a total number of activities which previously amounted to 30 activities to 24 activities with an initial lead time of 19428 seconds and a lead time after improvement of 14100 seconds, so there is a time efficiency of 5328 seconds from the previous time.

Optimizing properties of concrete containing stone dust and ceramic tile: a response surface methodology approach

Abstract This study introduces a sustainable and cost-effective approach for the removal of malachite green oxalate (MGO) dye from aqueous solutions over recycled porcelain and ceramic building tile waste (BTW) as an adsorbent surface. The physicochemical properties of BTW were characterized using X-rays diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Brunner-Emmett-Teller (BET), and zeta potential analysis, revealing a porous structure rich in SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and Fe2O3, with nanoscale surface irregularities (<20 nm), high surface area, and a negative surface charge. Adsorption experiments were conducted to optimize operational parameters, including contact time, adsorbent amount, temperature, and dye concentration. Under optimal conditions (30 minutes, 0.02 g BTW, 25 mg·L−1 MGO dye, and 328 K), a maximum removal efficiency of 98% was achieved. Thermodynamic analysis indicated a spontaneous (ΔG° < –11.170 kJ·mol−1) and endothermic (ΔH° = +0.178 kJ·mol−1) process, driven by entropy gain (ΔS° = +34.600 J·mol−1·K−l), suggesting a physisorption mechanism. Kinetic modelling revealed that the adsorption process follows a pseudo second-order model (R2= 0.9992), indicating strong physical adsorption with partial chemisorption characteristics. Compared to other adsorbents, BTW demonstrated superior performance at lower dosage and shorter contact time, highlighting its potential as a low-cost, environmentally friendly material for dye-contaminated wastewater treatment.

Sensitivity analysis of the kinematic parameters during the industrial polishing process of ceramic floor tiles

Restoration of an artwork of a ceramic tile by artist Hassan ‎Heshmat, with cleaning the external canvas support from jute