Ceramic Method Research Articles

Innovative Ceramic Pattern Design and CAD Interactive Editing Method Driven by GAN Technology

Innovative Ceramic Pattern Design and CAD Interactive Editing Method Driven by GAN Technology

Effect of Different Conditioning Methods on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Ceramic Brackets Bonded to Porcelain Ceramic Surface

The study aimed to investigate the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic ceramic brackets bonded to porcelain ceramic surfaces that had undergone various conditioning methods. Materials and Methods: Forty ceramic discs were fabricated (vita vmk master®, zahnfabric, Germany) with a diameter of (4*10mm). Ceramic discs were divided into four groups (n = 10) according to ceramic surface conditioning methods, 37% phosphoric acid (PH), 9%hydrofluoric acid (HF), and surface conditioning with a fine diamond bur. Transbond XT light-cure composite was used to bond ceramic brackets. Before bonding, extra samples from each group were chosen to be examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the topography of the ceramic surface. The Shear Bond Strength data were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests. Under an optical stereomicroscope, debond surfaces were examined. Results: Surface conditioning with a fine diamond bur + HF acid etching group produced the highest SBS (30.64 ± 7.28 MPa), and the lowest SBS was investigated in the PH acid etching group (14.75 ±3.32 MPa). Conclusions: Different conditioning methods affected the porcelain ceramic surface's shear bond strength (P < 0.05). The highest SBS was found in the fine diamond bur_+ HF acid etching group; however, this had a deleterious effect on the ceramic surface after debonding.

New zircon-manganites of lanthanum and alkali metals

Zircon-manganites of the composition LaMeI2ZrMnO6 (MeI – Li, Na, K). were synthesized using the ceramic technology method in the range of 800-1200°C by the interaction of lanthanum (III) oxides and lithium, sodium and potassium carbonates (analytical grade). Using X-ray diffraction methods, it was established that all synthesized zircon-manganites crystallize in a cubic system with the following lattice parameters: LaLi2ZrMnO6 – а = 16,26 ±0,02 Å; V0 = 4300,93 ±0,06 Å3; Z = 6; V° elem cell = 716,82 ± 0,02 Å3; r x-ray. = 5,49 g/сm3; r picn. = 5,42 ± 0,06 g/сm3; LaNa2ZrMnO6 – а = 16,85 ± 0,02Å; V0 = 4785,46 ± 0,02 Å3; Z = 6; V° elem cell = 795,58 ± 0,02 Å3; r x-ray. = 5,35 g/сm 3; r picn. = 5,30 ± 0,04 g/сm 3; LaK2ZrMnO6 – а = 17,45 ± 0,03 Å; V0 = 5318,85 ±0,09 Å3; Z = 6; V° elem cell = 885,81 ± 0,02 Å3; r x-ray. = 5,16 g/сm 3; r picn. = 5,08 ± 0,02 g/сm 3. It has been established that with an increase in ionic radii in the Li®Na®K series, the values of the parameter “a” and the volumes of lattices and unit cells of zircon-manganites increase.

Improved cycle capability of Mn-doped Fe2TiO5 anode for lithium-ion batteries

Good cycling stability and high theoretical capacity are provided by Fe2TiO5 (iron titanate) as an electrode material due to its distinct crystal structure and numerous redox couples. The conventional ceramic method successfully and effectively synthesises the material. This study discloses the successful doping and replacement of Ti4+ with Mn4+ in the unit cell of Fe2TiO5 pseudobrookite, resulting in decreased band gap energy and a regular increase in unit cell volume with increased Mn-concentration. Doping improves the overall electrical conductivity due to a higher ratio of Ti3+ to Ti4+ which ultimately boosts the electrochemical performance as an anode in LIBs application. The Fe2Ti1-xMnxO5 (x = 0.2) achieves a high specific surface area of 338.6 m2 g−1 with an average pore size distribution of ∼10 nm, which is beneficial to reduce the Li-ion diffusion path and provides large contact areas between electrolyte and electrode surface. The Fe2Ti1-xMnxO5 (x = 0.2) stays ahead in its electrochemical performance compared to all counter partners delivering 765.6 mAh g−1 of initial discharge capacity and having a capacity retention of 392.3 mAh g−1 after 100 continuous charge discharge cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Additionally, an excellent rate performance of 327.9 mAh g−1 is observed even at 5000 mA g−1. No further capacity fading is noted for another 45 cycles, demonstrating the structural stability of electrode material at variable current densities. The superior electrochemical results of Mn4+ doped Fe2TiO5 manifestly show the possibility of serving as an electrode material for high-performance battery applications.

Enhancing electrical properties of SiHfBCN ceramics through Cu-catalyzed polymer-derived ceramic synthesis

In this study, we employed Cu-catalyzed polymer-derived ceramic methods at lower temperatures to synthesize SiHfBCN ceramics. The SiHfBCN-Cu single-source precursors were characterized using Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectrometry and thermal gravimetric analysis, while X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman Spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy, and a four-point probe setup were utilized to investigate composition, microstructural evolution, and electrical conductivity. Our analysis revealed that the electrical conductivity of SiHfBCN-Cu ceramics, annealed at 1500 °C, reached an impressive 2409.6 S·m-¹. This improvement was attributed to the influence of pyrolysis temperature and Cu content, resulting in the formation of in-situ abundant graphite-like carbon, Cu nano crystallites and Hf1-xCuxC@C and SiC@C nanoparticles with core-shell structures constructed a three-dimensional conductive network. Importantly, Cu-catalyzed SiHfBCN ceramics at lower temperatures produced an abundance of graphite-like carbon ribbons, effectively enhancing their electrical conductivity. These findings highlight the potential of Cu-catalyzed SiHfBCN ceramics as high-temperature sensors for in-situ measurements in extreme environments.

Expanding the Toolbox for Industrial Luminescent Primary Thermometry: Er3+-doped SrMoO4

We herein demonstrate the feasibility of employing strontium molybdate as host matrix for trivalent erbium ions for the developing of an optical temperature sensor operating in a wide temperature range suitable for industrial applications. This class of metal molybdate, known for its chemical and thermal capabilities, works as primary luminescent thermometer, relying on the thermally coupled levels of Er3+ arising from downshifting processes, neglecting first, the requirement of calibration curve acquisition and second, the excitation induced heating on the sample typically observed in upconverting luminescent thermometers. The synthesised primary optical thermometer displays a maximum temperature relative sensitivity of 1.13 %. K−1 and minimum temperature uncertainty and 0.09 K. These values make the performance of the Er3+-doped strontium molybdate as optical temperature sensor competitive with the existing luminescent primary thermometers, including a wide operating temperature range up to 413 K and high accuracy as main features. Moreover, it can be easily scaled up and produced due to straightforwardness and cost-effectiveness of the ceramic synthesis method, matching the requirements for its usage in industrial environments.

CAD Ceramic Texture Synthesis Method Based on Convolutional Neural Networks

CAD Ceramic Texture Synthesis Method Based on Convolutional Neural Networks

The high-hardness ceramic glazes based on basalt from Bali Province for ceramic body coatings

The ceramic glaze method is not only done to add color aesthetics but also to increase the hardness of the glaze. Basalt is one of the raw materials developed as a ceramic glaze material because it is cheap, easy to find, and has good characteristics. This research aims to determine glaze characteristics by varying the concentration of basalt rocks from the Ababi area, Karangasem Regency, Bali Province. The experiment used basalt at 45%-61%, Feldspar 27%-37%, Kaolin 3%-8%, and ZnO 7%-10% as raw materials for glaze, not frit glaze. Heating the glaze material layer at 1,250 °C for 3 hrs. The product characteristics of glaze ceramics include chemical composition, crystal phase, microhardness, porosity, density, thermal expansion coefficient, and surface morphology. Basalt from Bali is characterized by its high Fe2O3 content, reaching 20.07 wt%. Compared to basalt in generally, it has a different impact on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the ceramic glaze produced. Based on the observation of ceramic glaze products, the glaze composition with 56% basalt, 32% feldspar, 5% kaolin, and 7% ZnO showed the best coating, with a yellowish-brown color and an average thickness of 79.82µm. The hardness value of the glaze layer is 6.5 GPa, exceeding the standard hardness value of glazes on the market. Glazed ceramics contain the minerals Gahnite (ZnAl2O4) and Coesite (SiO2), which can increase the hardness of the glaze. This research demonstrates the tremendous potential and added value of using basalt from Bali Province as a raw material for glazed ceramics.

Enhancing mechanical properties of three-dimensional concrete at elevated temperatures through recycled ceramic powder treatment methods

To promote the construction industry and establish a green environment, the integration of sustainable building materials is urgently required. This study presents the influences of three materials (silica fume, fly ash, and recycled ceramic powder (RCP)) and different RCP dosages (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) on the mechanical properties and microstructure of concrete at different temperatures. The study presents the results of comprehensive flow tests, printability assessments, mechanical evaluations under different loading directions, high-temperature analyses, digital image correlation, X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental findings indicate the successful printing of all samples, with wall structure failure occurring only at a height of 730 mm. Furthermore, compared to those of other materials, the RCP displays a superior heat resistance, with a significant increase in compressive strength (28.9%) to 53.9 MPa at 300 °C. Additionally, the introduction of the RCP into 3D-printed concrete results in an anisotropic behaviour, with an initial enhancement in the mechanical strength, followed by attenuation as the RCP content increases. Microstructural analysis reveals enhanced interfacial adhesion with RCP addition, albeit accompanied by the emergence of numerous pores. The optimal mixture, which is designated as RCP-2-0-1 with 20% of the cement replaced by RCP, exhibits a significant anisotropic compressive strength (55.9 MPa) and an adequate anisotropic flexural strength (12.49 MPa) and impressive heat resistance (11.7% increase in compressive strength at 300 °C). This renders it a suitable sustainable impact-resistant thermal material for use in structural applications.

Fabrication of flexible (Mg0.2Al0.2Fe0.2Ni0.2Co0.2)2Ti2.8O8 ceramics via compositionally complex ceramics method

A novel compositionally-complex flexible (Mg0.2Al0.2Fe0.2Ni0.2Co0.2)2Ti2.8O8 (abbreviated as CCC) ceramic with pseudobrookite structure was synthesized by solid-state reaction method. As compared to the fabrication process of flexible aluminum titanate ceramic (C. Babelot, 2011), the sintering temperature was significantly reduced from 1600 °C to 1200 °C by co-doping. And, the combinations of displacement (0.11–0.25 mm) and bending strength (10–40 MPa) were achieved by controlling the sintering condition. Among these, the specimen sintered at 1200 °C for 2 h (abbreviated as CCC-1200-2) presents a single-phase crystal structure and uniform elemental distribution. After that, its near-zero thermal expansion coefficient of 0.47 × 10−6 K−1 at low temperature was obtained and the nonlinear thermal expansion behavior was observed. Lastly, the thermal stability of sample CCC-1200-2 was checked out by annealing the samples between 900 °C and 1600 °C for various times up to 100 h. As a result, this study successfully fabricated the flexible CCC ceramics with improved mechanical properties, high thermal stability, and low sintering requirements, providing a new technology strategy for pseudobrookite-type ceramics and compositionally-complex ceramics fabrication.

Modulation on structure and electric properties by tantalum of lead‐free NaNbO3 ceramics

AbstractThe variation of structural and electric properties is investigated via different characterization methods for NaNbO3 ceramics modified with Ta5+ ions. At room temperature, substitution of Ta5+ ions can effectively induce the phase coexistence and transition between orthorhombic antiferroelectric P and orthorhombic ferroelectric Q phase in NaNb1‐xTaxO3 ceramics. Thus, the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties could be regulated with the maximum value of d33 (~37.3) at x = 0.05. Besides, with increasing temperature, multiple phase transitions are demonstrated through dielectric, XRD, and in situ Raman results. Moreover, the temperature of various phase transitions gradually shifts toward lower temperature with increasing Ta5+ ions. Correspondingly, the modulation mechanism is also discussed based on the evolution of Raman vibration. This work is instructive for regulatable applications of NaNbO3‐based materials.

Optimizing the synthesis of ZnFe2O4 through chemical and physical methods: effects of the synthesis route on the phase purity, inversion, and magnetic properties of spinel zinc ferrite

In this work, ZnFe2O4 ferrites were prepared by chemical (coprecipitation) and ceramic (ball-milling) methods. The effects of the synthesis route on the phase purity, crystallinity, particle size distribution, and magnetic properties were investigated to identify the most appropriate conditions for the synthesis of high-quality ferrites. The samples were examined by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The XRD patterns revealed that a high-purity spinel phase was obtained by coprecipitation at pH ≥ 7 by calcining the pristine powder at T ≥ 900 °C, whereas a single spinel phase was obtained at T ≥ 700 °C in the ball-milling method. The crystallite size of the spinel phase exhibited general increasing trends with the increase of the pH value under the same heat-treatment conditions and with the increase of the calcination temperature. Additionally, the mean physical particle size exhibited an increasing trend with the increase of the calcination temperature. The VSM measurements revealed a noticeable degree of inversion in the spinel ferrites prepared by coprecipitation (exhibiting the highest degree at pH = 10) and an insignificant degree of inversion in the spinel ferrites prepared by the ceramic method. However, calcining the powder exhibiting the highest degree of inversion (prepared by coprecipitation at pH = 10) at 1100 °C resulted in ordering the zinc ions at tetrahedral sites of the spinel structure. Mössbauer spectra for representative zinc ferrite samples prepared by the two methods revealed a major central doublet (with a small magnetic sextet corresponding to the α-Fe2O3 phase in the sample at pH = 7). The hyperfine parameters of the doublet observed in the Mössbauer spectra of the samples, and the corresponding magnetization behavior revealed a higher degree of ionic disorder in the spinel ferrite prepared by coprecipitation.

A method for multi-view surface defect detection of Si3N4 ceramic bearing balls integrating features enhanced by the Gabor salient domain

Si3N4 ceramic bearing balls exhibit wear, pits, scratches, and delamination defects on the surface during manufacturing processes. Current Si3N4 ceramic ball detection methods mainly focus on a single view input, which leads to insufficient fusion of boundary, color, and shape features, consequently resulting in a low detection accuracy. In this research, propose multi-view surface defect detection of Si3N4 ceramic bearing balls integrating features enhanced by the Gabor salient domain (GSMF). Firstly, color, shape, and boundary information of defects are extracted from different angles, distances, and GSMF enhancement views. Secondly, by designing a salient domain enhancement module, GSMF enhancement boundary features are extracted, addressing the feature loss problem that results in scarce border information during decoding. By improving the co-attention of multi-view to prevent memory loss caused by long-distance transmission, more feature information is preserved. Finally, the accuracy of the detection method is validated through experimental tests.

Heterogeneous interface engineering of SiBCN/Ni fibers extends enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption properties

Faced with severe electromagnetic wave (EMW) pollution, the development of high-performance EMW absorbers remains a formidable challenge. In this study, SiBCN/Ni fibers containing uniformly dispersed Ni2Si nanoparticles were synthesized by electrospinning method with polymer-derived ceramics method, and their electromagnetic properties were evaluated. The low permeability threshold of the fibers ensures sufficient conduction loss effect. The in situ grown Ni2Si nanoparticles provide a magnetically coupled network, which is more conducive to obtaining excellent impedance matching. Furthermore, the presence of β-SiC, SiO2, and Si2N2O generates numerous heterogeneous interfaces (e.g., C-SiC and C-Ni2Si), leading to enhanced interfacial polarization through the accumulation of charges. As a result, the prepared SiBCN/Ni fibers exhibit impressive EMW absorption properties. At a Ni content of 1 wt%, the effective absorption band (EAB) is 4.32 GHz (13.68–18 GHz). At a Ni content of 1.5 wt%, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) is −52.98 dB, and the sample has excellent radar scattering capabilities, which is verified by CST Microwave Studio simulations. Therefore, SiBCN/Ni fibers are promising as excellent EMW absorbing materials in practical applications.

Analysis on patent layout of silicon carbide ceramic membrane technology in global

Silicon carbide ceramic membranes are known as a new generation of membrane products due to their excellent chemical stability and high flux advantages. This article, based on the PatSnap patent analysis, analyzes the global patents of silicon carbide ceramic membranes, preparation methods, devices and equipment, application-related patents, and applicants from perspectives of patent applications, patent layouts, and international patent classification technical categories. It concludes that the technological hotspots in the field of silicon carbide ceramic membranes are concentrated on improving separation efficiency through separation applications, providing a reference for the technical improvement, application, and patent layout of silicon carbide ceramic membranes.

Realization of new n = 3 and n = 4 Dion-Jacobson layered perovskite series with interlayer K+ ions and perovskite blocks stabilized by Pr3+ ions

The structural flexibility of the perovskite blocks in the Dion-Jacobson family of layered perovskite oxides has successfully resulted in the generation of KPrNan-2NbnO3n+1 and KPrCan-2Nb2Tin-2O3n+1 (n = 3, 4). The stabilization of K+ ions preferring a six coordination in the interlayer region is significant compared to the facile formation of layered perovskite oxides possessing bigger Rb+ or Cs+ ions with an eight coordination in the interlayer. The structure of the n = 3 members, KPrNaNb3O10 (S. G. Cmcm; a = 3.8858(1) Å, b = 29.6553(9) Å, c = 7.7635(3) Å) and KPrCaNb2TiO10 (S. G. Cmcm; a = 3.8634(2) Å, b = 29.4808(2) Å, c = 7.6945(5) Å) were confirmed respectively using the Rietveld and Le Bail methods utilizing the powder X-ray diffraction data. The n = 4 members, KPrNa2Nb4O13 and KPrCa2Nb2Ti2O13 are synthesized through high-temperature ceramic methods. The compounds are phase pure as confirmed from the X-ray diffraction data and were characterized by UV–visible diffuse reflectance measurements. These two-dimensional oxides also undergo facile topochemical ion-exchange and intercalation reactions and opens up several interesting possibilities. We have replaced the K+ ions in the interlayer by H+, Li+, Na+ ions and [CuCl]+ groups through low temperature reactions. The usefulness of various Dion-Jacobson layered perovskite oxides for potential photocatalytic applications has been explored by determining the optical band gaps, the valence band, and the conduction band energy levels based on the UV–visible diffuse reflectance measurements.

Fast Solution Blow Spinning of Lotus-Leaf-Inspired SiO2 Nanofiber Sponge for High Efficiency Purification.

Massive production of SiO2 nanofibers with both high durability and exceptional performance remains a significant challenge. Herein, a novel approach was introduced to achieve the massive production of SiO2 nanofibers with lotus-leaf-inspired surfaces by combining solution blowing spinning (SBS) and the polymer-derived ceramics method. Based on the SBS technique, three types of precursor nanofiber products were fast spined with methyl silsesquioxane polymer and polymethyl hydrogen siloxane employed as Si sources. The flow rate of the SBS spined Si-based ceramic nanofibers was enhanced to 20 mL·h-1. Furthermore, through the integration of hydrophobic-oleophilic SiO2 nanoparticles into the precursor solution, SiO2 nanofibers with lotus-leaf nanoprotrusion surfaces were fabricated. Nanoparticle-decorated SiO2 fibers demonstrated excellent hydrophobicity (138.3°), compression resilience (∼60%), proficiency in organic pollutant adsorption, high-temperature resistance (∼1100 °C), and outstanding thermal insulation properties (thermal conductivity of 0.0165 W·(m·K)-1).

Lightweight, ultra-broadband SiOC-based triply periodic minimal surface meta-structures for electromagnetic absorption

Lightweight, wide-band ceramic-based electromagnetic (EM) absorbers have great application demand in the field of high-temperature EM wave absorption. However, it is difficult for traditional ceramic-based structural EM absorbing materials (EMAMs) to balance the contradiction between broadband absorption and good impedance matching due to resonance effect. Herein, three novel non-resonant SiOC-based triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) meta-structures named Schoen G (SG), Schwarz D (SD) and Schwarz P (SP) with a density of 0.556 g/cm3 were successfully synthesized by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing and polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) method. Through the structural design of multilayer arrays and holes, three metamaterials achieve good impedance matching and broadband EM absorption. The effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of all three meta-structures reaches 9.80 GHz (8.2–18.0 GHz) in a wide matching thickness range, covering the entire X-Ku band. In addition, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −55.68 dB is obtained at a matching thickness of 3.02 mm for SD meta-structure in X-band. Besides, the SG meta-structure tested by the arch method has an ultra-wide EAB of 11.88 GHz (6.12–18.0 GHz), exhibiting ultra-broadband EM absorption properties. It is significant that the intrinsic relationships between TPMS meta-structures and EM responses are explored by CST simulation. This work provides a new perspective for the design of lightweight, broadband ceramic-based EM metamaterial absorbers under high-temperature, harsh environments.

NEXAFS and XPS Studies of Co Doped Bismuth Magnesium Tantalate Pyrochlores

Co doped bismuth magnesium tantalate with a pyrochlore structure (sp. gr. Fd-3m) was synthesized for the first time using the standard ceramic method. Single phase Bi2Mg1−xCoxTa2O9 samples were found to be formed when x < 0.7 in the X-ray phase analysis. However, with a higher cobalt content in the samples, the impurity phase β-BiTaO4 (sp. gr. P-1) is detected, and its amount is proportional to the degree of cobalt doping. The formation of solid solutions is evidenced by a uniform increase in the unit cell parameter of the Co,Mg co doped bismuth tantalate phase with an increase in the content of cobalt ions in the samples from 10.5412(8) (x = 0.3) to 10.5499(8) Å (x = 0.7). The samples exhibit a porous microstructure consisting of chaotically oriented and partially fused elongated grains measuring 1–2 μm. The dependence of the ceramic grain size on the n(Mg)/n(Co) ratio was not determined. X-ray spectroscopy (ear dge X-ray bsorption ine tructure (NEXAFS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)) was used to study the charge state of ions in Bi2Mg1−xCoxTa2O9. The NEXAFS and XPS data showed that doping with cobalt and magnesium did not change the bismuth and tantalum oxidation states in pyrochlore; in particular, the ions maintained their oxidation states of Bi(+3), Mg(+2) and Ta(+5). The energy position of the peaks of the Ta4f-, Ta5p-, Ta4d spectra had a characteristic shift towards lower energies compared to the binding energy in pentavalent tantalum oxide Ta2O5. A shift towards lower energies is characteristic of a decrease in the effective positive charge; in particular, for the Ta4f and Ta4d spectra we presented, this energy shift was ΔE = 0.65 eV, and in the region of the Ta4d edge—0.55 eV. This in turn allowed for us to assume that tantalum atoms have the same effective charge +(5-δ). The oxidation state of cobalt ions was predominantly 2+ and partially 3+, according to NEXAFS spectroscopy data.

Study on Preparation and Application Technology of Micro scale New Foam Ceramics for Power Equipment

With the proposal of a new type of power system in China, the new environment-friendly insulating medium micro nano foam ceramic is urgently needed to replace SF6, epoxy resin and other insulating materials in the GIS/GIL key power equipment. The new material technology can prepare: foam ceramic design method. Preparation method of foam ceramics and the functional modulation of micro/nano structures. The electrical performance of the foam ceramics was improved. Achievable: the stable performance of micro/nano structures under the high field strength. Excellent thermal conductivity under high current action. It has local replacement function in insulation material applications such as SF6 and epoxy resin. Detectable: Starting from the electrical performance of the UHV hybrid insulation material system, UHF technology and photo-acoustic spectroscopy technology are applied to the high sensitivity detection of the decomposition products and partial discharges of foam ceramics, focusing on types of fluorocarbon decomposition gases, making use of strong correlation between the decomposition products and the partial discharge detection data, and combining the multi-source data fusion algorithm to achieve the prediction of insulation structure data sequence and online detection of the latent faults for the special GIS/GIL.