Center For Epidemiologic Studies Depression Research Articles

Physical activity for depression among the chronically Ill: Results from older diabetics in the Irish longitudinal study on ageing

Among chronically-ill older adults, the benefits of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are established. Comorbid depressive symptoms and Major Depression are prevalent among the chronically-ill, but how different doses of MVPA may protect against depression remains understudied. Thus, using 10 years of data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, we quantified longitudinal associations between MVPA doses and depressive symptoms and Major Depression among chronically-ill older adults living with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Continuous MVPA (MET.min.week−1), three dose and five dose MVPA categories were examined. Depressive symptoms and Major Depression were measured using the center for Epidemiological Studies Depression and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview for Major Depressive Episode. Negative binomial regression and logistic models, adjusted for covariates, quantified associations across time. Among the 2,262 participants, those adhering to the WHO guidelines of 600-<1,200 MET.min.week−1 had 28% lower odds of Major Depression compared to those not achieving the guidelines (OR: 0.72; 95%CI: 0.53–0.98). For depressive symptoms, a higher MVPA dose was required with a 13% (IRR: 0.87; 95%CI: 0.82–0.93) lower rate of symptoms among those exceeding recommendations (1200-<2,400 MET.min.week−1). Interventions should focus on enhancing achievability of and compliance with these MVPA doses among the chronically-ill, including T2DM, to protect against depression.

Longitudinal relationship between body mass index and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults: The moderating roles of lifestyle factors and age

ObjectiveThis study aims to verify the moderating roles of lifestyle factors and age between body mass index (BMI), BMI trajectory and depressive symptoms of Chinese adults through a prospective design. MethodsThe participants who are 18 years old and above from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) were included in the 2016 baseline and 2018 follow-up research. BMI was calculated according to self-report weight (kilogram) and height (centimeter). Depressive symptoms were evaluated via the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD-20) scale. Inverse probability-of-censoring weighted estimation (IPCW) was used to check whether selection bias existed. Modified Poisson regression was performed to calculate prevalence and risk ratios as well as 95% confidence intervals. ResultsAfter adjustment, it was found that the positive associations of persistent underweight (RR = 1.154, P < 0.001) and normal weight → underweight (RR = 1.143, P < 0.001) with 2018 depressive symptoms were significant among middle-aged people, while the negative association of persistent overweight/obesity (RR = 0.972, P < 0.001) was significant in young adults. Notably, smoking moderated the relationship between baseline BMI and subsequent depressive symptoms (interaction P = 0.028). Also, exercise regularly and exercise duration weekly moderated the relationships of baseline BMI (interaction P = 0.004 and 0.015) and trajectories of BMI (interaction P = 0.008 and 0.011) with depressive symptoms among Chinese adults, respectively. ConclusionWeight management strategies for underweight and normal weight → underweight adults should pay attention to the role of exercise in maintaining normal weight and improving depressive symptoms.

Cognitive dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. A cross-sectional study in a Brazilian sample.

Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is frequently found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and contributes to impairment in the patient's quality of life. To study CD in a sample of patients and the possible associations with cumulative damage, disease activity, clinical/serological profile, and cumulative glucocorticoid dose. Included in this study are 103 patients with SLE and 95 controls for cognitive performance through MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination). Disease activity was measured by SLEDAI (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index) and cumulative organ damage by SLICC/ACR/DI (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index). CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression) scale was used to evaluate depression. Data on clinical and serological profile, treatment, and cumulative glucocorticoid dose were also collected. Patients with SLE had worse performance in the MoCA (p = 0.009) and MMSE (p = 0.01) than controls. The MoCA results showed that visuospatial and abstraction domains (p = 0.03 and p = 0.002, respectively) were impaired, and the MMSE results showed that language and spatial orientation were reduced (p = 0.002 and p = 0.01, respectively) when compared to controls. Both questionnaires (MoCA with r = -0.29 and MMSE r = -0.21) correlated negatively with SLICC/ACR/DI and the MoCA with SLEDAI (r = -0.22). No associations were found with cumulative glucocorticoid dose, degree of depression, and clinical or serological profile. According to the MoCA, visuospatial cognition and abstraction were impaired, and according to the MMSE, spatial orientation and language were impaired in patients with SLE. The CD was correlated with cumulative damage and disease activity. These findings demonstrate that both disease-activity and disease-injury associated CD is found broadly in SLE patients in a Brazilian population, supporting the prior reports of CD in other regional SLE populations.

Occupational health: the role of demographic factors in the condition of increased risk.

The paper analyses the impact of socio-demographic characteristics of the employees in conditions of uncertainty in the organizations. The study was conducted on a sample of 210 employees using the Mental Health Inventory - 38 (MHI-38), Satisfaction with life scale (SWLS), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression (CES-D). The results showed that female respondents had significantly higher scores on ANX (t = 2,278, p < 0.05), while male employees had higher scores on life satisfaction (t = 2.103, p < 0.05). Older employees have a higher tendency for loss of emotional-behavioral control (F = 4.427, p < 0.05). Respondents who have satisfying living standards have also higher scores on SWLS (t = 2.257, p < 0.05). Respondents who have dissatisfying living standard have higher scores on generally positive affect (t = 3.152, p < 0.01), life satisfaction (t = 3.571, p < 0.01), psychological distress (t = 2.929, p < 0.01) and loss of emotional- behavioral control (t = 2.361, p < 0.05). Employees with different levels of educational background have similar tendencies in life satisfaction, mental health, and depressive symptoms (p > 0.05). The study showed that the specific socio-demographic profile of the employees is related to higher levels of mental health issues. Specifically, the mental health of female and older employees have been especially affected and disturbed by uncertain conditions. The results can be potentially used both in the terms of designing activities that support the mental health of the population, as well as in relation to the mental health of employees. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(2):250-62.

A cross-sectional analysis of work schedule notice and depressive symptoms in the United States

The implementation of last-minute work scheduling practices, including fluctuations in work hours, shift cancellations, and short notice, reflects a new norm in employment in the United States. This study aimed to investigate whether work schedule notice of ≤2 weeks was associated with high depressive symptoms. We used data from the 2019 cycle of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (N = 4963 adults aged 37–42 years). Using adjusted gender-stratified modified Poisson models, we tested the association between schedule notice (≤2 weeks, >2 weeks, consistent scheduling) and high depressive symptoms. Presence of high depressive symptoms was assessed using the 7-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Short-Form scale and defined as CES-D-SF ≥8. Respondents reporting >2 weeks schedule notice (versus ≤2 weeks) were disproportionately non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic and resided in the South and/or in a rural area. High depressive symptoms were 39% more prevalent among women with schedule notice of ≤2 weeks compared to those with >2 weeks notice (Prevalence Ratio [PR]: 1.39, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.07, 1.80). We did not observe an association among men (PR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.75, 1.50). Schedule notice of ≤2 weeks was associated with a greater burden of high depressive symptoms among US women. Policies to reduce precarious work scheduling practices should be further evaluated for their impacts on mental health.

Personality traits as mediators in the association between SIRT1 rs12415800 polymorphism and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students.

Previous research has linked polymorphisms in the SIRT1 gene to depressive symptoms, particularly in Chinese individuals. However, it is not clear how personality traits may contribute to this association. To explore the potential mediating effect of personality traits, we utilized a mediation model to examine the relationship between the SIRT1 rs12415800 polymorphism and depressive symptoms in 787 Chinese college students. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, while personality traits were measured using the Big Five Inventory (BFI). Our analysis indicated a significant association between the SIRT1 rs12415800 polymorphism and depressive symptoms, with this relationship partially mediated by the personality traits of neuroticism and conscientiousness. Specifically, individuals who were heterozygous for the rs12415800 polymorphism and had higher levels of conscientiousness were less likely to experience depressive symptoms. Conversely, those who were homozygous for the rs12415800 polymorphism and had higher levels of neuroticism were more likely to experience depressive symptoms. Our results suggest that personality traits, particularly neuroticism and conscientiousness, may play a critical role in the association between the SIRT1 rs12415800 polymorphism and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students. These findings highlight the importance of considering both genetic factors and personality traits when exploring the etiology of depressive symptoms in this population.

Association among race/color, gender, and intrinsic capacity: results from the ELSI-Brazil study

To investigate associations among race/color, gender, and intrinsic capacity (IC) (total and by domains) in middle-aged and older adults from a Brazilian cohort. As a secondary objective, we investigate these associations across Brazilian regions. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with baseline data from the 2015-2016 Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil). IC was investigated via cognitive (verbal fluency), physical (gait velocity/handgrip), and psychosocial (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression) domains. Moreover, IC sensory domain was evaluated via self-reported sensory disease diagnoses (vision and/or hearing impairment) and race/color was identified via self-reported criteria. We evaluated a total of 9,070 participants (aged ≥ 50 years). Black and Brown participants were 80% and 41% more likely to show a worse IC cognitive domain than white controls, respectively (OR = 1.80, 95%CI: 1.42-2.28, p < 0.001 and OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.21-1.65, p < 0.001). Moreover, Black and Brown women had almost a threefold greater chance of showing a worse IC than white men (OR = 2.91, 95%CI: 1.89-4.47, p < 0.001 and OR = 2.51, 95%CI: 2.09 - 3.02, p < 0.001) and a 62% (OR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.02-2.57) and 32% (OR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.10-1.57) greater risk of falling below our IC score cutoff point than white women. We found the greatest differences in the Brazilian South, whereas its North showed the lowest associations among race/color, gender, and IC. IC racial and gender disparities reinforce the need for public health policies to guarantee equality during aging. Promoting greater access to good health care requires understanding how racism and sexism can contribute to health inequities and their consequences in different Brazilian regions.

The contribution of the smartphone use to reducing depressive symptoms of Chinese older adults: The mediating effect of social participation.

Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder. Although Internet use has been associated with depression, there is limited data on the association between smartphone use and depressive symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone use and depressive symptoms among older individuals in China. 5,244 Chinese older individuals over the age of 60 were selected as the sample from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) 2018 dataset. The dependent variable "depression symptoms" was measured using the 9-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. The study employed multiple linear regression to investigate the relationship between smartphone use (independent variable) and depressive symptoms in older people. Thorough analyses of robustness, sensitivity, and heterogeneity were conducted to ensure the robustness and sensitivity of the findings. Additionally, mediating effect analysis was performed to elucidate the mechanism through which the dependent and independent variables were related. Empirical study indicated that smartphone use had a negative impact on depressive symptoms among older adults, specifically leading to a reduction in such symptoms. The above-mentioned result was verified through endogenous and robustness tests. The heterogeneity analysis revealed that older individuals aged 70 years and above, male, and residing in urban areas exhibited a stronger association between smartphone use and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the mediating effect model indicated that political participation, voluntary participation, and active leisure participation mediated the relationship between smartphone use and lower levels of depression symptoms among the older adults. However, passive leisure participation had a suppressing effect on the relationship between smartphone use and reduced depressive symptoms among the older adults. The causal relationship between variables required further investigation with a longitudinal design. These findings suggested that smartphone use may be considered an intervention to reduce depression symptoms among older people by increasing levels of political participation, voluntary participation, and active leisure participation.

Association between Exposure to Domestic Violence during Childhood and Depressive Symptoms in Middle and Older Age: A Longitudinal Analysis in China

Exposure to domestic violence (EDV) is a constant threat to social stability and global solidarity and may be associated with an increased risk of depression in later life. This study assessed the association between EDV during childhood and depressive symptoms in middle and older age. A total of 10,521 respondents obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were enrolled in our analysis. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 10-item form of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, and EDV included parental conflict and corporal punishment. A random-effects linear regression was used to assess associations. The results showed positive relationships between "not very often" (β = 0.862; 95% CI:0.512 to 1.211; p < 0.001), "sometimes" (β = 1.692; 95% CI:1.227 to 2.158; p < 0.001) and "often" (β = 2.143; 95% CI:1.299 to 2.987; p < 0.001) in parental conflict and the CES-D scores, compared with that of those reported "never" in parental conflict. Similarly, positive relationships between "sometimes" (β = 0.389; 95% CI:0.091 to 0.687; p = 0.011) and "often" (β = 1.892; 95% CI:1.372 to 2.413; p < 0.001) in corporal punishment and the CES-D scores were observed. EDV is associated with an increased risk of depression in later life. Future research could develop interventions that target EDV and explore the mechanisms in China to further decrease lifetime depression risk and improve the population's mental health.

Early Life Exposure to Above Average Rainfall and Adult Mental Health*

AbstractWe study the effects of early life exposure to above average levels of rainfall on adult mental health. While we find no effect from prenatal exposure, postnatal positive rainfall shocks decrease average Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD) mental health scores by 13% and increase the likelihood of depression by 6%, a more than 26% increase relative to the mean. These effects are limited to females. We rule out prenatal stress and income shocks as pathways. Early life exposure to infectious diseases appears to play a limited role but further research is required.

Trajectory of Depression among Prostate Cancer Patients: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: While psychological difficulties, such as depression, among prostate cancer patients are known, their longitudinal burden remains understudied. We assessed the burden of depression across low-, intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer groups, and the association between regret and long-term depression. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from a multi-centered randomized controlled study among localized prostate cancer patients was carried out. Assessments were performed at baseline, and at 3-, 6-, 12- and 24-month follow-up. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. A CES-D score ≥ 16 indicates high depression. Regret was measured using the regret scale of the Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer (MAX-PC). The proportion of patients with high depression was compared over time, for each risk category. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between regret, and long-term depression after adjusting for age, race, insurance, smoking status, marital status, income, education, employment, treatment, number of people in the household and study site. Results: The study had 743 localized prostate cancer patients. Median depression scores at 6, 12 and 24 months were significantly larger than the baseline median score, overall and for the three prostate cancer risk groups. The proportion of participants with high depression increased over time for all risk groups. Higher regret at 24-month follow-up was significantly associated with high depression at 24-month follow-up, after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of localized prostate cancer patients continued to experience long-term depression. Patient-centered survivorship care strategies can help reduce depression and regret, and improve outcomes in prostate cancer care.

Dyadic effects of cognitive function on depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Chinese couples.

Although cognitive function and depressive symptoms have been suggested to be closely related, less attention has been paid to this association within married couples. This study explored the reciprocal dyadic relationship between cognitive function and depressive symptoms over time. This study used four waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and analyses were restricted to middle-aged and older couples aged 45 or older. Actor-partner interdependence model adjusted for confounding factors was employed to examine the reciprocal association between cognitive function and depressive symptoms at both the individual and couple levels. Measures of cognitive function consisted of episodic memory and mental status. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. For both husbands and wives, cognitive function was reciprocally associated with depressive symptoms at the individual level. Spouses' lower cognitive function was significantly linked to their partners' greater depressive symptoms. However, ones' depressive symptoms were not related to their partners' cognitive function. These findings expand our knowledge about the dyadic relationship between cognitive function and depressive symptoms in Chinese couples. Effects of interventions for depression in middle-aged and older adults may be enhanced by considering the marital context.

PHQ-9, CES-D, health insurance data—who is identified with depression? A Population-based study in persons with diabetes

AimsSeveral instruments are used to identify depression among patients with diabetes and have been compared for their test criteria, but, not for the overlaps and differences, for example, in the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the individuals identified with different instruments.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey among a random sample of a statutory health insurance (SHI) (n = 1,579) with diabetes and linked it with longitudinal SHI data. Depression symptoms were identified using either the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale or the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and a depressive disorder was identified with a diagnosis in SHI data, resulting in 8 possible groups. Groups were compared using a multinomial logistic model.ResultsIn total 33·0% of our analysis sample were identified with depression by at least one method. 5·0% were identified with depression by all methods. Multinomial logistic analysis showed that identification through SHI data only compared to the group with no depression was associated with gender (women). Identification through at least SHI data was associated with taking antidepressants and previous depression. Health related quality of life, especially the mental summary score was associated with depression but not when identified through SHI data only.ConclusionThe methods overlapped less than expected. We did not find a clear pattern between methods used and characteristics of individuals identified. However, we found first indications that the choice of method is related to specific underlying characteristics in the identified population. These findings need to be confirmed by further studies with larger study samples.

Association of subclinical depressive symptoms and sleep with cognition in the community-dwelling older adults

/Purpose: This study aimed to explore the association of subclinical depressive symptoms and sleep with cognition in community-dwelling Taiwanese older adults. This four-year prospective cohort study (2015-2019) included 379 participants aged 65 years or older from the annual senior health checkup program at National Taiwan University Hospital who were followed up two years later. Global and domain cognitive functions were assessed using validated neuropsychological tests. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Excessive daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Generalized linear mixed models were used to explore the associations of subclinical depressive symptoms and sleep variables with cognition, adjusting for important covariates. Stratification analyses were performed using the sleep variables. Over time, depressive symptoms were associated with poor performance of memory (βˆ=0.24, P=0.04) and executive function (βˆ=-0.24, P=0.03). Poor sleep quality (elevated PSQI score) was associated with poor memory performance (βˆ=-0.04 to -0.03, P<0.05). Excessive daytime sleepiness (elevated ESS score) was associated with poor performance of memory (βˆ=-0.02, P<0.05) and executive function (βˆ=-0.02, P=0.001). At baseline, better sleep quality and no excessive daytime sleepiness were associated with better memory performance over time. Subclinical depressive symptoms, worse sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness were differentially associated with impairment of cognitive domains (mainly memory and executive function).

Prevalence and associated factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms among healthcare workers in the post-pandemic era of COVID-19 at a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen, China: A cross-sectional study.

Healthcare workers were at high risk of psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, but it remains not well-investigated in the post-pandemic era of COVID-19, with regular epidemic prevention and control embedded in burdened healthcare work. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and potential risk factors of the symptoms of depression and anxiety among healthcare workers at a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen. Our cross-sectional study was conducted among 21- to 64-year-old healthcare workers in December 2021 at a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen, using a simple random sampling strategy. A wide range of socio-demographic characteristics, individual information, and psychological condition of the subjects were extracted. Healthcare workers' psychological conditions were tested with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD-10), General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Work-Family Conflict Scale (WFCS), 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), and 17-item of Maslach's Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS-17). Data were collected based on these questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the difference between healthcare workers with depressive and anxiety symptoms among different groups. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between focused variables and mental health outcomes. A total of 245 healthcare workers were enrolled. The proportion of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and their co-occurrence were 34.7, 59.6, and 33.1%, respectively. Logistic regression showed that for the three outcomes, no history of receiving psychological help and self-rated good or higher health were protective factors, whereas more severe insomnia and job burnout were risk factors. Junior or lower job title and higher psychological resilience were related to a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms, while relatively longer working hours and larger work-family conflict were positively associated with the anxiety symptoms. Psychological resilience was inversely associated with the co-occurrence of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Our study revealed a high proportion of psychological problems and proved that several similar factors which were significant during the pandemic were also associated with the symptoms of depression and anxiety among healthcare workers in the post-pandemic era of COVID-19. These results provide scientific evidence for psychological interventions for healthcare workers.

Frailty transition and depression among community-dwelling older adults: the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006–2020)

BackgroundFrailty is recognized as a geriatric syndrome associated with depression. The consequences and mechanism of frailty transitions are still understudied. This study assessed the influence of frailty transitions on new-onset depressive symptomology using longitudinal, nationwide data of Korean community-dwelling older adults.MethodsLongitudinal population-based study conducted in every even-numbered year starting from 2006 to 2020 (eight waves) with a sample of older adults aged ≥ 60 years old. After the application of exclusion criteria, a total of 2,256 participants were included in the 2008 baseline year. Frailty transition was determined through the biennial assessment of change in frailty status using the frailty instrument (FI); depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression 10 Scale. We employed the lagged general estimating equations to assess the temporal effect of frailty transition on obtaining depressive symptoms.ResultsCompared to non-frail individuals, the risk of depression was higher in transitioned into frailty and constantly frail participants over a 2-year interval: men (odds ratio (OR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–1.32; OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.21–1.38), women (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.28–1.40; OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.41–1.62), respectively.ConclusionsFrailty transition is found to be associated with new-onset depressive symptoms. Frail individuals and those who transitioned into frailty were associated with a higher risk of depression. Particular attention should be paid to these frailty transitioned groups. Early intervention and implementation of prevention strategies at physical, nutritional, and social levels are warranted to ameliorate frailty and depression in late life.

Internet use and depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults: Two sides of internet use.

To explore the relationship between internet use which includes time spent on the internet, internet skills, types of online activities, and depressive symptoms in older adults. We used 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data with 3,171 older adults aged 60 years. Depression symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D), and internet use was measured by time spent on the internet, internet skills, and types of online activities. Multiple linear regression models were used to explore the relationship between internet use and depressive symptoms in older adults. Longer time spent on the internet was associated with higher scores of depressive symptoms (β = 0.14). Higher internet skills were associated with lower scores of depressive symptoms (β = -0.42). Watching short-form videos (β = 1.34) was associated with higher depressive symptom scores, and the use of the WeChat function (β = -0.96) was associated with lower depressive symptom scores, while online games and online shopping were not significant. The effect of internet use on depressive symptoms in older adults is a double-edged sword. Controlling the time spent on the internet, improving internet skills, and guiding specific a type of online activities in older adults can improve depressive symptoms through rational use.

Sex differences in childhood maltreatment, inflammation, and adulthood depression: A network analysis

BackgroundEfforts to improve treatment for adults with major depression (MD) and childhood maltreatment (CM) have identified inflammation as a potential target to improve health. Network models have emerged as a new way to understand the relationship between depressive symptoms and inflammation. However, none have accounted for the role of childhood maltreatment in the link between depressive symptoms and inflammation, or sex differences commonly found in these constructs. MethodsData from two waves of the Midlife Development in the United States study were used in this study (N = 1917). The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and six inflammation markers served as nodes in an undirected psychometric network analysis. Edges between nodes were calculated using partial Spearman's correlation. Separate networks were modeled for males and females. ResultsThe total network revealed several associations between nodes of CM, MD, and inflammation, with emotional abuse having a strong association with somatic complaints. Network comparison testing revealed male-female network invariance, with several edge differences between male and female networks. Males and females showed differences in associations across inflammatory markers and depressive symptom clusters, particularly among somatic complaints and interpersonal difficulties. ConclusionsSpecific associations between dimensions of inflammation, CM, and MD may represent important targets for treatment. Network models disaggregated by sex showed that males and females may have fundamentally different associations between these constructs, suggesting that future studies should consider sex-specific interventions.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depressive Disorder after Exposed Prolonged Traumatic Event

IntroductionDepressive disorder is one of the most typical psychiatric disorder that occurs after a traumatic event. However, there has been minimal research regarding the prevalence and associated factors of depression after a traumatic event.ObjectivesTherefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors in the residents of the Gangjeong village, who have been exposed to a traumatic event recently for a prolonged period.MethodsThe subjects of this study were the residents of the Gangjeong village, who have been exposed to a traumatic event related to the construction of the Jeju Civilian-Military Complex Port. The questionnaires were used to assess the participants` general characteristics (sex, age, marital status, occupation, self-perceived health, etc.); in addition, for the clinical evaluation, overall stress was assessed through the Global Assessment of Recent Stress Scale (GARS), social support through Functional Social Support Questionnaire (FSSQ) and suicide risk through Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus (M.I.N.I-Plus). In order to evaluate the depressive symtpoms, CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) was used.ResultsIn 713 subjects, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 18.5% (95% CI=15.66-21.36) (Table 1). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the length of residence and marital status as factors associated with depressive symptoms (Table 2). Furthermore, the depression group has a significantly higher score of overall stress (GARS), suicide risk and the lack of social support (FSSQ), in comparison with the non-depression group (Figure 1) group (depression gr. vs non-depression gr. : 28.8±15.0 vs 12.8±10.1, 4.9±8.0 vs 1.1±3.6, 44.8±13.2 vs 34.0±13.9, respectively).ConclusionsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher among the study population compared to the general population. People exposed to the traumatic event, especially after prolonged exposure, should be assessed environment factors, the status of overall stress, social support and the suicidal risk.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Impact of COVID-19 on Depressive Symptoms Among Patients with Low Vision and Blindness.

Disability is globally recognized as a key cause of depression. Likewise, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the vulnerability of patients with low vision to health and health-related issues, especially mental health. This study aimed to examine the association between the impact of COVID-19 and depressive symptoms in patients with low vision and blindness. This cross-sectional study was conducted between February and July 2022 and involved face-to-face interviews. Patients with low vision and blindness diagnosed with depression were excluded. The following items were included in the questionnaire: sociodemographic information, Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the impact of COVID-19, and The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D). Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between the impact of COVID-19 and depression. The prevalence of depression among patients with low vision and blindness was 43.0%. Three factors were associated with depressive symptoms: compliance with COVID-19 prevention strategies (β = 0.16, p<0.01), anxiety during COVID-19 (β = 0.24, p<0.001), and social support (β = -0.16, p<0.01). The findings indicated that COVID-19 significantly increased depressive symptoms among patients with low vision and blindness. The psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have been considered critical and emergent public health issues. Stakeholders, particularly public health organizations, need to urgently implement preventive and protective measures to help patients with physical and mental disabilities.