Central Minnesota Research Articles

INTRUSIVES OF CENTRAL MINNESOTA

Scattered outcrops of crystalline rock were examined within an area of approximately 3600 square miles in central Minnesota. From field data and petrographic evidence, the variety of igneous rock types can be referred to the following historical sequence: (1) intrusion of the McGrath gneiss and regional dynamic metamorphism (Early Algoman), (2) intrusion of a series of intermediate igneous rocks (Late Algoman), (3) intrusion of the Stearns magma series (Middle Keweenawan), and (4) intrusion of felsite and basalt dikes (Middle Keweenawan).

The Spring-Wheat Farmer in a Maturing Economy 1870–1920

The spring-wheat region, stretching from central Minnesota across the X Dakotas and into Montana, has been the seat of much unrest owing to its unbalanced development from 1870 to 1920. It was colonized by seekers of the proverbial “free home” and fabulous profits to be had by raising wheat. As a result many farmers assumed burdensome economic ties and fell victims to over-optimism. Their difficulties were due to a variety of complex factors, some within and others outside their control; yet, one trend stood out noticeably: the grain growers persisted in a ruinous, anarchistic form competition, whereas among the merchants and their powerful allies competition was closely regulated.

Wartime Transportation of Farm Products

T HE combination of many independent farmers each owning one or more motor vehicles and of a considerable number of companies and individuals who supply trucking service has resulted in the development of transportation habits and customs that are more or less wasteful of motor vehicle mileage. While inefficiencies were generally recognized, relatively little had been done to ascertain their nature or extent prior to the beginning of World War II. The shortage of strategic materials and of manpower arising out of the war effort now makes it imperative that all transportation be conducted as efficiently as possible. Consequently an increasing amount of attention is being devoted to this problem. From one standpoint, the scope of this paper is more limited than that suggested by the title, but from another it is more inclusive. It is more limited in that it is concerned chiefly with transportation by motor vehicle rather than by rail, water, or air. It is more inclusive in that it deals with the local transportation of the farm family, and with the local hauling of supplies to farms as well as with the hauling of farm products to local and distant markets. In the preparation of this paper it has been necessary to draw rather heavily upon a war emergency transportation study made in Martin County, Minnesota by the Division of Agricultural Economics and the Agricultural Extension Service of the Department of Agriculture, University of Minnesota.1 At other points the present writer has drawn heavily upon the published works of others. Martin county was selected because it was believed that farm motor vehicle and commercial truck transportation arrangements in this county were fairly typical of most of south central and southwestern Minnesota. It is located about midway in the state from east to west, bordering Iowa on the South. The average size of farm is about 175 acres. It is an important agricultural county producing considerable beef, pork, dairy, and poultry products.

The Developmental History of Cedar Creek Bog, Minnesota

The Anoka Sand Plain of east central Minnesota is liberally sprinkled with lakes, bogs and marshes, representing innumerable phases of hydrarch succession. One of the most interesting areas of this region is known as the Cedar Creek Bog; it is located astride of the AnokaTsanti county boundary, Range 23W, Township 34N, Section 27. The character of this bog was first recognized in 1931 by Dr. W. S. Cooper, during an aerial survey of the Anoka Sand Plain. Terrestrial explorations corroborated his surmise that the bog represented an advanced successional stage of what had once been a much larger lake, formed in an ice-block depression of pitted outwash.

Soil Preferences of some Upland Deciduous Trees in Central Minnesota

In attempting to explain certain features of the distribution of forest types in central Minnesota, the writer, in 1934, collected and analysed a series of soil samples. At the time these were collected, notes were takn as to the species of trees, 1 inch D.B.H. and over, which occurred within a radius of 4 meters of the soil station. This procedure has not only made possible the use of the data from the standpoint of forest type,2 but by more minute reanalysis with respect to each species, certain apparent soil preferences of the different trees have appeared. TABLE 1

A Catalog of the Fishes of Central Minnesota

This district has been quite thoroughly investigated during the past two years and all species obtained are listed below together with their locations. Specimens of each species are preserved and cataloged in the Museum of the State Teachers College. Specimens of doubtful species were sent to Hubbs and Greeley of the Museum of Zoology of the University of Michigan for verification of the identification.

AGE INCIDENCE OF PARESIS

With few exceptions, all patients committed as insane from 40 counties in southwestern and central Minnesota are admitted to the St. Peter State Hospital. The population of this area is i ,oI8,66o.* St. Paul, with 271,606 inhabitants, is the only city in the territory with a population over 15,000. During the four years from January I, 1928, to December 31, 1931, inclusive, there were 2317 admissions to the hospital. 57 of these were transfers from other state hospitals and 70 were duplications due to readmissions within this period. 2190 patients were received directly. The spinal fluid of 2088, or 95.3 per cent of the latter, was examined and evidence of paresis was found in 179, or 8.2 per cent. Usually serological examination of the blood as well as of the spinal fluid was made both in the hospital laboratory and in the laboratories of the Minnesota State Board of Health. If the reports were doubtful or those from the two laboratories differed, repeated examinations were made. A diagnosis of paresis was not made unless it was substantiated by definite spinal fluid findings. The youngest patient in the paretic group was a female 22 years of age, and the oldest a male aged 77. Paresis was found more frequently among the male than among the female patients, except in the third decade when the ratio was almost reversed. The incidence curve of the male is sharper than that of the female and reaches its peak a decade later. Paresis of the aged, presumed by authors of most text books to be rare, was not infrequent in this series. The Wassermann reaction of the blood was negative in 18.5 per cent of the paretic group as a whole, and in 30 per cent of those 65 years of age and over. This undoubtedly explains why paresis of the aged often is diagnosed arteriosclerotic or senile psychosis.

Geology of the Cuyuna Range

Introduction Since the discovery of the Cuyuna district in central Minnesota one of the most perplexing problems has been the geological succession of the strata and their correlation with the known formations of the Lake Superior district. Undoubtedly the chief reason for the divergent opinions with respect to correlation lies in the fact that there are but a limited number of surface exposures in the entire region of the Cuyuna Range, and those present are at a considerable distance from the productive portion of the range. In fact, the Cuyuna region has very few of the surface features that are frequently associated with a Lake Superior iron range, such as conspicuous topographic ranges with characteristic trends and numerous rock exposures. The country is flat, with a maximum relief scarcely over 150 feet. It is covered with a heavy mantle of glacial drift, with numerous morainic hills, lakes, and swamps. The . . .

Description of remains of Bison occidentalis from central Minnesota

Description of remains of Bison occidentalis from central Minnesota

The Beginnings of Irrigation in the United States

Previous articleNext article FreeThe Beginnings of Irrigation in the United StatesRalph H. HessRalph H. Hess Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Journal of Political Economy Volume 20, Number 8Oct., 1912 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/252096 Views: 454Total views on this site Citations: 2Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1912 The University of Chicago PressPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Mae A. Davenport, Amelia Kreiter, Kate A. Brauman, Bonnie Keeler, J. Arbuckle, Vasudha Sharma, Amit Pradhananga, Ryan Noe An experiential model of drought risk and future irrigation behaviors among central Minnesota farmers, Climatic Change 171, no.1-21-2 (Mar 2022).https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-022-03320-3Eric C. Edwards, Steven M. Smith The Role of Irrigation in the Development of Agriculture in the United States, The Journal of Economic History 78, no.44 (Nov 2018): 1103–1141.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050718000608

Keewatin area of eastern and central Minnesota

Research Article| January 01, 1901 Keewatin area of eastern and central Minnesota C. W. HALL C. W. HALL Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1901) 12 (1): 343–376. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-12-343 Article history first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation C. W. HALL; Keewatin area of eastern and central Minnesota. GSA Bulletin 1901;; 12 (1): 343–376. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-12-343 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract IntroductionWithin Minnesota from the city limits of Duluth southwestward beyond the geographical center of the state, which is lake Mille Lacs, lies a series of schistose rocks. To the southeast they disappear beneath the Cambrian sandstones, and the northwest boundary is entirely concealed by the Glacial drift. Their existence in a few localities has been known since the earliest geological explorations of the region. They were first recognized as Archean; then as Animikie—that is, Upper Huronian; and lastly, in 1894, the northernmost exposures were pronounced by Spurr to be Keewatin—that is, Lower Huronian.The pre-Cambrian age of the series, which has rarely been doubted, is proved by the presence at two or more places of nearly horizontal sandstones in such relation to the rocks in question as to establish their subsequent age. Again, at Short Line park, near Duluth, the series under discussion is found to lie in undetermined . . . This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Notes on Some Phanerogams of Central Minnesota

Notes on Some Phanerogams of Central Minnesota

The Discovery of the Source of the Mississippi

IT is a matter of little importance or interest in what spot is located the ultimate spring of the longest branch of even the greatest river. Especially is this the case with the Mississippi, where it may easily be an open question which of a dozen branches is the longest, when traced through its innumerable lakes and windings. By common consent, however, a certain branch of the Mississippi has been assumed as the river proper, and its head as Lake Itasca, in northern central Minnesota. The river was explored to this point, and the lake discovered in 1832 by Schoolcraft, who published a map of the lake, and of the river from this point downwards. He spent but one night on the lake, and did not explore its tributaries. Four years later Nicollet led an expedition to the head waters of this stream, reached Lake Itasca, and spent several days in making a thorough exploration of the country about it. In his narrative, published in 1841, he gives a full description of the tributaries to the lake which constituted, according to general acceptation, the extreme head waters of the river. The report is accompanied by a map, on which the geographic features described in the narrative are delineated, and which agrees in general with later and more accurate maps.

III.—The Geology of Central and Western Minnesota. A Preliminary Report by Warren Upham, Assist on the Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. of the State, under the direction of Prof. N. H. Winchell, of the State University. From the General Report of Progress for 1879. 8vo. pp. 58.

III.—The Geology of Central and Western Minnesota. A Preliminary Report by Warren Upham, Assist on the Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. of the State, under the direction of Prof. N. H. Winchell, of the State University. From the General Report of Progress for 1879. 8vo. pp. 58.