Art Center Research Articles

Artistic center of painters in Lviv of the Eighteenth Century: specifics of formation and functioning

Based on the analyzed scientific works of domestic and Polish researchers related to the subject of this research, employing general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, methods of generalization and system-structural analysis, comparative-historical and problem-thematic approaches, as well as descriptive and historical-chronological methods, the issue of the development, formation, and functioning of the Lviv artistic center, specifically the milieu of Lviv painters in the 18th century, has been addressed. The foundation for the future art center was laid by the arrival of foreign masters, mainly from Italy, southern Germany, and Moravia, in Lviv in the 1930s and 1940s. Regarding the specifics of the formation and consolidation of the Lviv Artistic Center, this primarily occurred through the establishment of professional and familial friendships among artists. The strengthening of these bonds involved attending each other's religious and family celebrations, such as baptisms or weddings. Not only the artists themselves but also their wives, sisters, brothers, and adult children were invited to be witnesses. The establishment of these mutual contacts had a positive impact on safeguarding the personal interests of artists and their families. Concerning the functioning of the artistic environment, it was based on the collaboration among artists. The article addresses the question of the method of professional interaction among artists, the majority of whom, by the second half of the 18th century, were working in a "collaborative" manner, even though the activities of workshops were still ongoing at that time, exerting a significant influence on the artistic life of Lviv during that period. This situation contributed to the emergence of numerous confrontations and conflicts between guilds and independent artists. The article also sheds light on the issue of the social status and public activities of artists, which involved serving in government positions within the only governing body available to craftsmen and artists - the Collegium of Forty Men - where they carried out the duties of a warden or shopkeeper. Among such government officials, there is a significant number of painters who were engaged in the authorities of the suburbs or the city of Lviv. Additionally, based on the analysis of research conducted by domestic and Polish scholars, the article attempts to supplement and systematize the lists of Lviv artists who were active during that period, particularly painters, with previously unknown names. This provides us with a broader perspective on the issues related to the formation and functioning of the Lviv Art Center in the 18th century. The undertaken work offers a deeper understanding of the complex processes that unfolded in the cultural and artistic life of Lviv in the 18th century.

Liquid-Volume Measurement Estimation Skills of Gifted Students and Suggestions for Saving Water

Water is vital for the survival of living things. It is water that sustains all living organisms, all biological life, and all human activity. Water constitutes 3/4 of the world, 60% of the human body. The need for water is increasing day by day due to the rapid increase in the population and the fact that the water resources remain constant. It is important for individuals to be conscious about water consumption, to be aware of how much they consume. In this context, in this research, students’ estimates of the amount of water they consume, liquid-volume measurement estimates and their views on water conservation were examined. This study aims to examine the liquid-volume measurement estimation skills of gifted students and to examine their views on water conservation. This study was conducted as per the case study design, which is one of the qualitative research designs. The study group of the study consisted of 24 gifted students studying in the 6th grade in a Science and Art Center in a province located in the southern region of Turkey in the 2022-2023 academic year. As a result of the research, it was observed that the students had moderate liquid-volume estimation skills and the male students had more liquid-volume estimation skills than the female students. In addition, it was concluded that students had a low average score in liquid-volume estimation problems involving real-life situations, and that the most opinions about water conservation were in the theme of limitation and penalty application.

Music as Magic

Music as Magic

Identification of the academic differences of gifted children from the perspective of parents: needs assessment for differentiation

The identification of the developmental characteristics of gifted students, determination of their educational needs, and preparation of educational programs based on the acquired findings are essential. This study aims to ascertain to what extent parents of gifted children define their children's developmental characteristics, identify the challenges they face, and assess their thoughts regarding their educational needs. A qualitative research method was employed in the study, utilizing a phenomenological design. The study group consisted of 252 parents newly enrolled in a Science and Art Center (BİLSEM) where gifted students take supportive education located in Istanbul, Turkiye. Data for the study were obtained through interviews, using a semi-structured form developed by the researcher in accordance with the research design. According to the findings, participating parents indicated that their gifted children learn faster and think more quickly compared to their peers. They also noted that gifted children excel in self-expression, demonstrate creative thinking, and achieve high academic success in mathematics and science courses. Furthermore, parents expressed the need for their gifted children to receive education in technology, science, and mathematics fields, as well as in foreign languages, arts, and robotics-coding.

Investigation of the relationship between gifted students' attitudes to collaborative learning and their perfectionist structure

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between gifted students' attitudes towards cooperative learning and their perfectionist structures and to investigate the views of gifted students on perfectionism and cooperative learning. This research is a mixed method research. Relational survey design was used in the quantitative part of the study. The relationship between the perfectionism levels of gifted students and their participation in cooperative learning environments was examined. In the qualitative part of the study, case study was used. By making more detailed examinations with semi-structured interview questions, it is aimed to touch on the perfectionist structures of gifted students and the reasons underlying the basic thoughts that affect whether they want to participate in cooperative learning environments or not. The sample of the research consists of 5th grade 242 gifted students studying at Science and Art Centers in Istanbul. In data collection, the Attitude Scale of Gifted Students towards Cooperative Learning and the Compatible-Incompatible Perfectionism Scale to determine their level of perfectionism. As a result of the research, it can be stated that students' attitudes towards cooperative learning are high, adaptive perfectionism is high, and maladaptive perfectionism is low. In the study, it was determined that there was a weak, positive and significant relationship between students' adaptive perfectionism and their attitudes towards avoidance and cooperative learning. It was determined that there was a moderate, positive and significant relationship between students' adaptive perfectionism and disposition. Accordingly, it can be said that as adaptive perfectionism increases, attitudes towards avoidance, disposition and cooperative learning increase. It was determined that adaptive perfectionism was a significant predictor of students' attitudes towards cooperative learning scale avoidance and disposition sub-dimension and attitude scores towards cooperative learning. According to this result, it can be said that the avoidance sub-dimension scores in their attitudes towards cooperative learning can be predicted by examining the adaptive perfectionism scores or situations of the students. Findings obtained semi-structured interview questions show that students have positive and negative attitudes towards cooperative learning and perfectionism. In line with the findings, suggestions are presented.

Examining the effect of the future readiness psychoeducation program on gifted students' career decision-making competencies and future expectations

There is a great need for intervention programs related to career studies in today's world where the importance of career studies is increasing day by day. Gifted children also feel necessary to career guidance more due to many factors such as their special talents, multi-potentials and early career awareness. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the "Turkish Science and Art Centers (SAC) Future Readiness Psychoeducation Program" developed for gifted middle school students who also continuing education in SAC. The aims of program are increasing career awareness, decreasing career decision making difficulties and effecting positively to future expectations. Thirty-two 7th grade students who were identified as gifted in Kilis province participated in the study. The study was designed in a pre-test post-test one-group quasi-experimental design. The data were analyzed using Mann Whitney U and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test from non-parametric techniques according to group structure. Career Decision Difficulties Scale (CDDS), Adolescent Future Expectations Scale (FESA) and program evaluation form were used as data collection tools. When the results of the study were evaluated, it was seen that the career development program prepared for gifted students reduced their career decision-making difficulties and positively affected their future expectations. It was observed that gifted female students had higher career decision-making difficulties than male students, while there was no significant difference in terms of future expectations. When the evaluation form data and opinions of the participants were examined, it was seen that the satisfaction with the program was high, the activities could be enriched in terms of practice, and it would be more beneficial to spread the activities over a wider period of time and implement them as a single activity in each session.

Critical reading self-efficacy of gifted students

The present study aimed to determine the critical reading self-efficacy levels of gifted students and to discuss certain variables that affect self-efficacy levels. The study was conducted with 299 (Female: 138, Male: 161) students attending four Science and Arts Centers (SACs) in Ankara during the 2022-2023 academic year. The participant were 5th and 6th grade students in the Recognition of Individual Talent (RIT) program. Participant Data Form and Critical Reading Self-Efficacy Scale were used to collect the omit data. The study was designed with the quantitative relational research method and the analyses were conducted on the SPSS software. The study findings were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, and ANOVA. Analysis findings revealed that the critical reading self-efficacy levels of the gifted students were high. Ownership of a private library significantly affected the critical reading self-efficacy levels of the gifted students. In other words, the critical reading self-efficacy level of the students who had a library was higher than those who did not. Furthermore, students who read books every day had higher critical reading self-efficacy skills when compared to the students who did not read books every day. Other study findings demonstrated that gender, education level of the parents and household income did not have a significant effect on the critical reading self-efficacy level. In the study, it was also determined that gifted students mostly read science fiction and scientific books.

An investigation on the mathematics teaching programs for gifted students based on teachers' opinions

This study reflects teachers' opinions about the mathematics teaching programs for gifted students. As a method, " a case study", which is qualitative research, was used to reveal the existing problems related to a problem or situation in detail and to offer solutions. During the academic year 2022-2023, a study was conducted in Türkiye with 57 mathematics teachers who work with gifted students in support education rooms and Science and Art Centers (SAC). Data were collected using a structured interview form prepared on Google Forms. The content analysis method was used to interpret and make sense of the data. Participants' opinions on the educational needs, teacher competencies, mental and physical characteristics of gifted students, software use and mathematical proof processes were analyzed and various results were obtained. In this study, to increase the effectiveness of the program, it was suggested that the program should be updated by taking teachers' opinions into consideration, differentiated and enriched activities should be prepared by integrating technology, workshops should be equipped, and in-service training should be provided in various fields. It was also suggested that it would be beneficial to use a common program accepted all over the world in the education process of these children. Recommendations also include a common pathway for students, directing them to universities in line with their abilities and creating specific employment opportunities after graduation.

Comparison of mathematics self-efficacy perceptions of gifted and normally developing primary school students

This study aims to compare the mathematics self-efficacy perceptions of gifted and normally developing primary school students according to different variables (gender, grade, preferred course, being a gifted/normally developing student). For this purpose, the study was designed according to the survey design. The study group consisted of 63 gifted Science and Art Center students and 89 primary school students (3-4th grade). The study data were collected with the “Mathematics Self-Efficacy Perception Scale” and “Personal Information Form.” Before analyzing the obtained data, the normality condition of the data was checked. An Independent Sample t-test was used to analyze the data that met the normality condition. In contrast, the Man Whitney U test was used to analyze the data that did not meet the normality condition. As a result of the data analysis, according to the class variable, the mathematics self-efficacy of 3rd-grade normally developing students differed significantly in the attitude sub-dimension and the whole scale compared to 4th-grade students. 3rd grade gifted students showed a significant difference in mathematics self-efficacy only in the motivation sub-dimension compared to their peers with normal development. According to the gender variable, it was determined that the math self-efficacy of gifted male students differed significantly in the motivation sub-dimension compared to their normally developing male peers. According to the variable of favorite course, it was seen that gifted students who preferred mathematics courses in the first place differed significantly in the attitude sub-dimension of mathematics self-efficacy and the whole scale compared to gifted students who did not prefer mathematics courses in the first place. The mathematics self-efficacy of normally developing students who preferred the mathematics course in the first place differed significantly in all three sub-dimensions (attitude, motivation, and practice) and the whole scale compared to their peers who did not prefer the course in the first place. The mathematics self-efficacy of gifted students who chose other courses in the first place differed significantly in attitude and motivation sub-dimensions compared to normally developing students who preferred other courses in the first place. According to the variable of being a gifted/normally developing student, the mathematics self-efficacy perceptions of gifted primary school (3-4th grade) students differed significantly only in the motivation sub-dimension compared to their normally developing peers.

SAFE Credit Union Performing Arts Center audio enhancement to support architecture

Opened in 1976 and without a major renovation since, the 98,000-sf SAFE Credit Union Performing Arts Center was in dire need of transformation. The building’s aging infrastructure needed a comprehensive modernization to meet accessibility requirements, the escalating requirements of contemporary performance, and to present a new face to the public as the premier cultural institution in the state capital. The existing theater’s acoustics represented a challenge to effectively accommodate the wide range of performance types including Broadway roadshows, the Sacramento Choral Society, and the Sacramento Philharmonic and Opera. Major renovations work included a complete exterior renovation; new mechanical, plumbing, electrical, and theatrical systems; and substantial updates to the interior finishes throughout the building. Providing an accessible venue to all patrons and performers was the primary goal of the project. Significant modifications to the external and internal circulation included removal of the entire audience chamber floor and new seating and aisle ways throughout. An electro-acoustic enhancement system was designed to provide an acoustically tunable audience chamber and electronic shell on stage to meet all the needs of the resident companies. Design and implementation of the electro-acoustic enhancement system will be discussed, including challenges of performer buy-in and audio orchestra shell integration.

Anchored by Earth to Starlight: Decolonising Relationship to Sky

The brilliance of the night sky has inspired and intrigued humanity throughout all time, all civilizations, all cultures. It is woven into our survival and vibrancy – mind, body, heart, and spirit – as the human species. The sky transcends space, connecting us to other worlds like a portal. Sky transcends time, connecting us two-legged across past, present, and future. And yet because of the history of colonization, most people in the US who look up at the stars see and know only one system. This single story has been promoted as the only story and is rooted in Western European cultures or the so called ‘Greek system’ of constellations and cosmological philosophies. Presented here will be an overview of an art installation called ‘Anchored to Earth by Starlight – Decolonizing Night Sky’ which is part of a group show called ‘Indigenous Survivance’ (St. John’s University, Art Center Gallery, Collegeville, Minnesota, Aug. 29 through Oct. 29, 2022). The multi-layered experiential exhibit features: a cinematic large-scale project embedded with spoken word art, a series of celestial-terrestrial mixed media paintings, and Indigenous star maps. All work is centred around rebuilding relationship with sky. The hope is that in some way this work helps us to change our relationship with the sky, stars, and people. We are often led to believe that maps are subjective and full of facts, but in truth maps are filled with the bias of the map-maker. Decolonization means pulling back the superficial layer and acknowledging the present as a moment in a wave of time that is intricately linked to past and future. Just as an anchor keeps a ship grounded and centred, relationship to night sky gives us hope, strength, and purpose in these challenging times.

Our bab(y)ies, your uterus—a retrospective study on surrogacy at a private fertility center in South West Nigeria

Introduction: In vitro fertilization, a form of assisted reproductive technology has evolved over the last 3–5 decades in the management of infertility and now has been expanded to include third-party reproductive solutions. There are 2 types of gestational surrogacy: (1) full surrogacy (an egg from a woman is fertilized with a sperm and the resulting embryo is implanted into another woman) or (2) partial surrogacy (sperm from a man is used to fertilize an egg from the same woman in whom the embryo will be transferred to). In Nigeria, there is a paucity of publications on the outcomes of surrogate pregnancies, even though it is being practiced. At the Medical Art Center Ikeja Lagos, we practice only full surrogacy, otherwise referred to as gestational surrogacy. Study design: This was a retrospective descriptive study of 61 cycles performed over 76 months between January 1, 2015 and April 30, 2021 at a private-run single-location fertility center in South West Nigeria. Data were extracted from the electronic medical records of the commissioning parents and the gestational carrier. Results: There were a total of 58 gestational carriers in the program. Eleven (19%) had a miscarriage and there were 63 live births, out of which were 14 twin pairs (44%), 1 set of triplets (~5%) and the rest were singletons. One (1.7%) surrogate had delivery complicated by a hysterectomy on account of postpartum hemorrhage. There was no maternal mortality. The commonest reason for choosing surrogacy was multiple failed in vitro fertilization cycles, uterine factor infertility, and advanced maternal age. Conclusion: Gestational surrogacy is a valid medically assisted reproduction option for individuals who desire to have children. This option should continue to be supported by ethical, regulatory, and legal frameworks available in Nigeria.

Views of Science and Art Center (SAC) Graduates on SAC

Views of Science and Art Center (SAC) Graduates on SAC

The Scientific Observation Experiences of Gifted/Talented Students: Observing Circadian Rhythm in the Common Bean Plant

The activity described here was designed to center on the observation of circadian rhythms in plants through the example of growing beans. The aim was to develop students’ skills of systematic observation of various variables in the long-term. Our study took place at a Science and Arts Center with 17 gifted students in the third and fourth grades who were receiving supplementary education at the center. In the first stage of the study, the teacher initiated the cultivation of the plant and the process of observation 2 weeks ahead of the class and based on the experience of the observation, set up a detailed plan for a classroom activity. The activity was carried out in three phases. The first phase involved the planting and germination of the beans in pots. The second phase focused on the first appearance of the plant’s leaves, while the third phase comprised the process of observing the effects of the intensity of light and the changes in temperature in the environment on the opening and closing movements of the leaves. It was found that the gifted students were successful in making long-term, systematic observations of various variables, and that as time passed, their dedication to the project increased. This motivation led them to delve deeper using different individual skills of scientific observation to discover how circadian rhythm is manifested in different plants, thus expanding their framework of accurate observation. We recommend the widespread use of this activity in the education of gifted students.

Devalued Body of The Grobogan Tayub Dancer

Abstract
 This study aims to describe how Lasmi, a Tayub dancer Legend from Grobogan (an area near the North Kendeng Mountains) experiences others in various aspects of her life, especially when she lives in the art stage. The author uses the in-depth interview method in addition to supporting documents such as previous research, YouTube channels, news, and interviews with supporting sources by absorbing awareness of gender-based insights and feminism. The author borrows the theory of Liyan or subaltern/ the others from Gayatri Spivak and De Beauvoir which describes how women live and grow with the experience as the other group or not the main one. The research subject is Lasmi, who had her heyday in the 1980s to early 2000s. Lasmi is an example of an Indonesian postcolonial body, which means a body who does not come from a center of power, and does not come from the center of the metropolitan modern arts of its time. A body like this experiences otherness and marginalization in society and always becomes an object, especially from a male point of view or male gaze. The body of the other is always close to experiencing problems, being number two, and always being compared to others. In her life, Lasmi was experienced as the other in both public and domestic areas. Serving the public area when she was working as Waranggana Tayub was required to please many people, did not have full rights over his body, did not have enough time to rest, did not have maternity rest was adored if she was beautiful, and was bullied if she was ugly. Even so, she also experienced the others or subalterns in the domestic area. She is also a breadwinner and must also be demanded to be perfect in the house. She experienced domestic violence, was physically exhausted, and did not have full control over the money she earned. Even though she had experienced her heyday, in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic she was also included in a marginal group that was highly trained, due to the PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restrictions) so she could no longer dance and performed as she used to be. She has also suffered from an age devaluation, which has resulted in her being rarely invited for performing arts, and losing out to the young waranggana.
 Keywords: Gender, Feminism, Liyan, The Other, Subaltern, Kendeng, Tayub, Grobogan, COVID-19, Postcolonial Feminism

Ярославские традиции в церковной стенописи Тверского края эпохи классицизма

In the article an attempt is made of clearing up the source of the North-East Tver region artistic culture flourishing in the 19th century that especially became strikingly apparent in church wall-painting. Beginning with the early 19th century the painters from the city of Yaroslavl were actively working in the Tver region and introduced various traditions of Yaroslavl into the fine arts. One of the characteristic features of the Yaroslavl painters’ language was the combination of Old Russian and West European devices in the classicism stylistic context that found a reflection in the Tver region monuments. At present the phenomenon of different trends coexistence in the beginning of the 19th century is well known in the specialized literature through the example of icon-painting. A similar occurrence took place in the monumental art but so far it hasn’t been investigated in the scholarly literature. The works of the Yaroslavl painters Banshchikov and Smirnov are preserved in the Resurrection cathedral in Kashin as a masterpiece of wall-painting without renovations or restorations. Through the example of the cathedral paintings the devices of the Yaroslavl painters are being analyzed, in particular the use of the rare Old Testament cycle in the painting programme created on the basis of the popular German engravings from Christoph Weigel Bible (1695). A comparison of the Yaroslavl painters’ style in the Korsun Icon of the Mother of God church in the village of Zelentsovo and a number of the North-East Tver region murals is carried out. The analysis of the interregional connections and the study of the Old Russian traditions firmness in the classicism period favour the deepening one’s knowledge about the view of the Russian art development in the first half of the 19th century. For the Yaroslavl region bordering the Tver region districts Yaroslavl as a strong monumental art centre became one of the main sources of the new artistic traditions.

The Role of the Church in Iwhuruoha Development

Nigeria like other post-colonial states in Africa greatly suffered and suffocated from the pacification spree of colonialism. It was a most dreadful brutality which distorted and greatly disorganized the cultural bond of the people. All these were systematically orchestrated to achieve an economic objective. In fact, those who set out for colonialist imperialism in Africa and indeed Nigeria, were not engaged in an act of civilization nor the spread of enlightenment spirit. One of the lasting legacies of colonialism in Nigeria is the church. It was the handmaiden of colonialism that softened the mind of the people to embrace the values and ethos of capitalist imperialism. The spread of this consciousness was facilitated by western education. Education became a tool to enter and embrace the world of ‘civilization’. This study seeks to examine the role of the church in Nigeria, particularly in Iwhuruohna. It is a qualitative study and data collection relied solely on secondary sources. These include a review of existing literature, journals, magazines and visit to some research institutes like the Centre for Black and African Arts and Culture in Lagos and Claude Ake School of Government in University of Port Harcourt, Choba. It was discovered that contrary to ex isting position, the church has played significant roles in Nigeria and Iwhuruohna, especially in the production of human capital that have immensely facilitated, the development agenda in Iwhuruohna Ethnicity Nationality (IEN). Rt. Rev. V.A. Ogbonna, Bishop of Ikwerre Diocese of the Christ Army Church is one of such products of the church. We, therefore recommend that men like Bishop Ogbonna whose virtues served as building blocks for the development of their area should be emulated and cherished at all times.

FEATURES OF ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING ORGANIZATION AND LAND USE OF CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL CENTRES IN SMALL TOWNS

The article analyses the features of the formation of a cultural and educational centre. It is determined that in order to strengthen the economic potential of the city or town, it is necessary to establish and develop related components that will facilitate investments into the main economic function of the city or town and increase its attractiveness and efficiency. These are the related components that can be formed in a cultural and educational centre. The components, which are successfully established and developed in the cultural and educational centre, and related to the main town-forming function are able to significantly affect the further development of the said function, and, accordingly, the entire settlement. The use of land in settlements always involves a combination of land ownership interests, both private, municipal and state. In these conditions, land ownership is closely related to the need to locate a certain type of activity in a certain place for the most efficient use of the land plot. The article provides examples of cultural and educational centres in Ukraine, where the main town-forming function of a settlement is represented and developed. Such an example is the complex of cultural and educational centres in Opyshnia, a centre of pottery art. Today, the village has several exhibition areas united by a conditional tourist route: ceramics museums, a cultural and educational centre with exhibition, shopping, recreational areas and small-scale production, and museums-estates of famous potters. The existence of a cultural and educational complex in Opyshnia significantly increases the town’s tourist potential. A successful example of domestic experience is the Museum of Easter Egg Painting and the National Museum of Hutsulshchyna and Pokuttia Folk Art in the city of Kolomyia of Ivano-Frankivsk region. A similar approach to further development with the formation of cultural and educational complexes of public buildings with hotel, exhibition, trade, recreational, and educational zones is offered in the city of Kostopil, where the Ukrainian Sawmills Company operates its woodworking plant. The article determines that the problem of researching functional planning and architectural and compositional solutions for cultural and educational centres in small towns is relevant for the formation of an aesthetic environment, for the activation of cultural, spiritual, scientific and educational needs.

Conservation and Attribution of the Early 18th Century Icon “St. Apostle Philip” from the Bonevychi Village (Lviv Region, Ukraine) using the Technique of Separation of Easel Painting

The article studies the process of separation of the two layers of painting of the icon “St. Apostle Philip”, which is kept in the church in the Bonevychi village (Sambir district, Lviv region, Ukraine). The expediency of using the chemical method of separation for these work and similar ones, according to the state of preservation and technique of execution, is substantiated. The study shows that the upper layer of the icon was made in the late 19th – early 20th centuries in the technique of oil painting on top of the new gesso (levkas). The original painting of the icon was done in the technique of tempera with the use of silvering and engraving on the background. When studying the manner of painting of the original layer of the icon and based on archival documents about the church in Bonevychi, it was found that first image was painted in the early 18th century to the newly built in 1702 wooden church in Bonevychi. The manner of painting shows that the author of the original icon was a master from the center of church art in the town of Rybotychi (now a village in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (Województwo podkarpackie) of Poland).

Prevalence of viral load suppression and acquired drug resistance among people living with HIV in Nepal: a nationally representative surveillance study

This is the first nationally representative study to estimate the prevalence of viral load (VL) suppression and acquired HIV drug resistance (ADR) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Nepal. A cross-sectional study recruited 1418 PLHIV from 20 ART centres in Nepal, using a two-stage cluster design. Participants were eligible if they were HIV-positive individuals on ART for 9-15 months or at least 48 months. Plasma specimens were collected and tested for the quantification of HIV-1 RNA. Specimens with a VL ≥1000 copies/mL were further processed for sequencing of PR and RT genes of HIV-1. The sequences were then analysed to detect mutations causing HIV drug resistance. The prevalence of ADR was 3.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8-7.6) and 3.0% (95% CI: 1.8-5.2) among PLHIV who received ART for 9-15 months and 48 months or more, respectively. The prevalence of VL suppression was 95.3% (95% CI: 91.7-97.4) among those on ART for 9-15 months, and 96.5% (95% CI: 94.7-97.7) among those on ART for at least 48 months. The prevalence of any detectable acquired resistance to antiretroviral drugs was 80.7% (95% CI: 58.6-92.5) among those on ART for 9-15 months with VL ≥1000 copies/mL and 81.6% (95% CI: 55.4-94.0) among those on ART for at least 48 months with VL ≥1000 copies/mL. This study suggests that improved accessibility to VL monitoring and timely assessment of drug resistance in routine HIV programs are crucial in Nepal to ensure access to HIV treatment for all in need.