Cationic Groups Research Articles

Poly(isatin biphenylene) anion exchange membranes based on functionalization of long side chain N-spirocyclic

N-spirocyclic cations have high alkali resistance stability, but their poor mobility hinders the aggregation of cationic groups, which makes it difficult to form a good microphase-separated structure for OH− ion transport. In this work, two kinds of bicationic N-spirocyclic cations containing spacer side chains (BM-DSU and BM-DSD) were designed and synthesized, and a series of poly(isatin biphenylene) anion exchange membranes containing bicationic N-spirocyclic side chains were prepared by grafting different ratios of N-spirocyclic cations onto the poly(isatin biphenylene) polymer backbone. The bicationic N-spirocyclic quaternary ammonium salts containing spacer side chains increased the migration rate of the cationic groups and constructed a more continuous ion transport channel. The OH− ionic conductivities of BM-DSD-PIB-40 and BM-DSU-PIB-40 were 67.8 mS cm−1 and 63.4 mS cm−1 at 80 °C. After soaking at 80 °C in 1 M NaOH for 730 h, the residual conductivities of BM-DSD-PIB-30 and BM-DSU-PIB-30 were 73.19 % and 78.02 %, respectively.

Highly Efficient and Durable Water Electrolysis at High KOH Concentration Enabled by Cationic Group-Free Ion Solvating Membranes in Free-standing Gel Form.

The degradation of fixed cationic groups in most anion exchange membranes (AEMs) under alkaline environments limits their durability for alkaline water electrolysis (AWE). Ion-solvating membranes (ISMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to address this issue. Herein, a cationic group-free ion solvating membrane in a free-standing gel form (ISM-PBI-FG) is presented, created through a sol-to-gel transformation process followed by KOH imbibing. This approach yields a 3D porous microstructure composed of entangled polybenzimidazole (PBI) nanofibrils, achieving 89% porosity, which enables ultrahigh alkali uptake (346% in 6 M KOH) and exceptional ionic conductivity (763 mS cm-1 at 80 °C). The absence of cationic groups avoids the attack by OH-, thus ensures good alkaline stability with a conductivity retention rate of 91.6% over a 3120 h ex situ test in 6 M KOH. The resulting membrane delivered outstanding AWE performance with current densities of 5.5 A cm-2 using platinum-group-metal (PGM) catalysts and 2.2 A cm-2 using PGM-free catalysts at 2.0 V. Notably, the in situ electrolyzer device based on ISM-PBI-FG offers extensive operational flexibility ranging from 40-100 °C and demonstrates record durability in concentrated alkaline conditions, with a voltage decay rate of only 23.5µVh-1, outperforming most reported AEMs and ISMs.

Zwitterionic polymer grafted nano-SiO2 as fluid loss agent for high temperature water-based drilling fluids

With the advancement of ultra-deep well technology, there has been an increased demand for enhanced high-temperature stability in water-based drilling fluids. To address this challenge, this study has developed a novel polymer nanocomposite (AAND-S) to augment the thermal stability of polymeric fluid loss additives in WBDF. AAND-S was synthesized through aqueous radical polymerization, consisting of zwitterionic polymers with rigid anionic groups and strong cationic adsorption groups, grafted with modified silica nanoparticles. The structure of AAND-S was characterized by infrared and thermogravimetric analyses. The performance of drilling fluids containing AAND-S was evaluated under high-temperature aging conditions at 220 ℃. Notably, the Herschel-Bulkley model provided a more accurate description of the behavior of this non-Newtonian fluid. Specifically, after aging at 220 ℃, the fluid loss of the base mud with AAND-S was reduced to 12.25 mL. Additionally, AAND-S exhibited good salt tolerance up to 25 % NaCl solution. The compatibility of AAND-S was also excellent, enabling it to synergistically interact with other drilling fluid additives to form an efficient drilling fluid system that effectively minimized fluid loss. The mechanism of action of AAND-S was investigated through total organic carbon analysis, zeta potential measurements, and particle size analysis. It was found that AAND-S enhanced the adsorption capacity of bentonite, improving the stability of the colloidal solution and leading to a more uniform particle size distribution. Further SEM microstructural analysis confirmed that the incorporation of AAND-S facilitated the formation of high-quality filter cakes with a dense surface and minimal permeability at elevated temperatures. In conclusion, AAND-S, as a high-performance fluid loss additive, is anticipated to play a significant role in drilling operations in ultra-high temperature formations.

Highly sensitive, environmental-friendly and rapid visual detection of uranium using a novel fluorescent fiber-optical sensing system based on aggregation-induced emission with bovine serum albumin as sensitizing agent

In order to achieve the on-site rapid detection of trace uranium under excitation with visible light and avoid the harmful effect of toxic organic solvent to human body and organisms, in this work, a novel water-soluble, environmental-friendly and biocompatible aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescence probe was fabricated by introducing the pyridine quaternary ammonium cation and amide group into the propeller structure of triphenylamine (TPA). And by creatively using bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS buffer as the sensitizing agent to replace the toxic organic solvent, the probe can emit intense red fluorescence under excitation with visible light (470 nm), exhibiting very low cytotoxicity and great anti-interference ability against large equivalent of different metal ions and anions over wide pH range. After further integration with the self-constructed portable fiber optical sensing system, the satisfying detection limit as low as 7.44 nM (1.77 ppb) can be achieved. The established method has been applied successfully for sensing uranium in complex real samples such as uranium leachate, seawater and cancer cells, demonstrating excellent analytical performance and great potential for in-situ rapid detection and timely evaluation of the uranium contamination in vivo and in field.

Improving Enamel Acid Resistance by an Intraoral Fluoride-Release Device Incorporating Cationic Hydroxy Cellulose Gel Using 3D Printer Molding

An intraoral fluoride-releasing device (IFRD) is a cost-effective tool for introducing fluoride into the oral cavity. It allows prolonged uptake of low concentrations of fluoride into teeth. We developed a new IFRD using 3D additive manufacturing and a new low-release fluoride gel. Gels for IFRDs were synthesized from hydroxyethyl cellulose (SE600) and cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose (L200). We compared the effects of the new cationic fluoride slow-release gel and non-cationic gel on enamel acid resistance in vitro. Cationization significantly increased fluoride ion concentration, as evident from its concentrations of 0.68 ± 0.08 ppm for SE600 and 4.24 ± 0.83 ppm for L200 after 60 min of immersion in distilled water. In addition, the acid resistance of bovine tooth enamel post-application was analyzed by measuring tooth loss, mineral loss (ΔZ), and lesion depth (Ld) using polarized light microscopy, electron microscopy, and micro-radiography. Compared to the SE600 group, the cationic L200 group had significantly reduced ΔZ and Ld, enhancing enamel acid resistance. This device could be implemented in areas where adequate oral care is challenging, including preventive dentistry, ward management, nursing homes, and dental clinic visits.

Freestanding Phosphonium Covalent Organic Frameworks with Efficient Hydroxide Conduction for Zinc-Air Batteries.

Owing to their well-defined crystalline pore structures and ordered functional ionic groups along the skeleton, ionic covalent organic frameworks (iCOFs) exhibit excellent performance and have significant potential for use in energy storage and conversion devices. Herein, we for the first time developed cationic phosphonium COFs with high hydroxide conduction even with low ion exchange capacity (IEC). Specifically, we synthesized COFs containing quaternary phosphonium groups as excellent ion transport moieties. Then, we fabricated freestanding phosphonium membranes through a vapor-assisted method, which exhibited high hydroxide conductivity of 126 mS cm-1 at 80 °C from a minimal IEC of 1.17 mmol g-1. The resulting film was successfully applied to zinc-air batteries, demonstrating energy density of 96.1 mW cm-2, specific capacity of 95.0 mAh cm-2, and stable operation over 2,300 min. Overall, in addition to investigating a novel cationic functional group, we demonstrated a freestanding film formation method of COF-based materials. The findings can provide a solid foundation for advancing the field of iCOFs to ion transport and promoting electrochemical applications.

Freestanding Phosphonium Covalent Organic Frameworks with Efficient Hydroxide Conduction for Zinc–Air Batteries

Owing to their well‐defined crystalline pore structures and ordered functional ionic groups along the skeleton, ionic covalent organic frameworks (iCOFs) exhibit excellent performance and have significant potential for use in energy storage and conversion devices. Herein, we for the first time developed cationic phosphonium COFs with high hydroxide conduction even with low ion exchange capacity (IEC). Specifically, we synthesized COFs containing quaternary phosphonium groups as excellent ion transport moieties. Then, we fabricated freestanding phosphonium membranes through a vapor‐assisted method, which exhibited high hydroxide conductivity of 126 mS cm–1 at 80 °C from a minimal IEC of 1.17 mmol g–1. The resulting film was successfully applied to zinc–air batteries, demonstrating energy density of 96.1 mW cm–2, specific capacity of 95.0 mAh cm–2, and stable operation over 2,300 min. Overall, in addition to investigating a novel cationic functional group, we demonstrated a freestanding film formation method of COF‐based materials. The findings can provide a solid foundation for advancing the field of iCOFs to ion transport and promoting electrochemical applications.

Antibacterial, Transparency, and Mechanical Properties of Cationic Radical Initiator Triggered Polystyrene Sheets Obtained by Thermal Blending.

Polystyrene (PS) is widely used because of its transparency, mechanical strength, and ease of production. With rising health concerns, antibacterial PS is increasingly sought after, but few polymer-based antibacterial agents have been prepared to date. In this study, polystyrene was synthesized using a cationic radical initiator, 2,2'-azobis-[2-(1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium-2-yl)] propane triflate (ADIP), and evaluated as an antibacterial additive. The PS polymerized with ADIP (ADIP-PS) was prepared with number-average molecular weights (Mn) from 15,000 to 40,000. Further, blending 5-10% ADIP-PS with an Mn of 23,000 into general-purpose polystyrene (GPPS) provided antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus while maintaining the transparency and strength of GPPS. Surface analysis revealed hydrophilic properties and exposed cationic groups, as confirmed by contact angle measurement and anionic dye titration, respectively. In addition, the antibacterial activity increased with higher cationic group concentrations, particularly at lower molecular weights. This method presents a promising approach to introducing antibacterial properties to PS products.

Preparation of Golf Ball-like Polymer Particles Bearing Site-Selective Functional Groups.

Golf ball-like particles have emerged as interesting materials in the fields of therapeutics, diagnostics, chemical sensing, etc. because of their unique shapes (with concave and convex moieties) and physical properties. Despite their uniqueness, their surfaces are generally covered with single components lacking functional groups, and a well-established functionalization method for a specific area of these particles, such as their concave or convex surface, is lacking. Thus, we proposed a seeded-dispersion polymerization (SDP)-based method for preparing anionic- and cationic-group-bearing golf ball-like polymer particles mainly on their convex surface. Briefly, we prepared golf ball-like particles with site-selective functional groups by subjecting n-butyl methacrylate (nBMA) to SDP in the presence of polystyrene-seed particles and dodecane using 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as an initiator; this yielded a poly(nBMA), PnBMA, concave phase. The shape of the golf ball-like particles was also controlled by adjusting the nBMA amount and solvent composition. Further, the results revealed that the functional groups were introduced onto the convex surface of the golf ball-like particles, and the position of the ionic groups on the particles was confirmed based on metal-nanoparticle adsorption. Thus, we demonstrated the feasibility of preparing convex surfaces of golf ball-like particles to impart such surfaces with anionic or cationic functional groups, thereby expanding the application scope of these heteromorphic particles.

Highly Stable Poly(diphenyl sulfide piperidine) Anion Exchange Membrane Grafting with Flexible Side-Chain Cationic Group for Water Electrolysis

Highly Stable Poly(diphenyl sulfide piperidine) Anion Exchange Membrane Grafting with Flexible Side-Chain Cationic Group for Water Electrolysis

Customising Sustainable Bio-Based Polyelectrolytes: Introduction of Charged and Hydrophobic Groups in Cellulose.

Cellulose has been widely explored as a sustainable alternative to synthetic polymers in industrial applications, thanks to its advantageous properties. The introduction of chemical modifications on cellulose structure, focusing on cationic and hydrophobic modifications, can enhance its functionality and expand the range of applications. In the present work, cationization was carried out through a two-step process involving sodium periodate oxidation followed by a reaction with the Girard T reagent, yielding a degree of substitution for cationic groups (DScationic) between 0.3 and 1.8. Hydrophobic modification was achieved via esterification with fatty acids derived from commercial plant oils, using an enzyme-assisted, environmentally friendly method. Lipase-catalysed hydrolysis, optimised at 0.25% enzyme concentration and with a 1 h reaction time, produced an 84% yield of fatty acids, confirmed by FTIR and NMR analyses. The degree of substitution for hydrophobic groups (DShydrophobic) ranged from 0.09 to 0.66. The molecular weight (MW) of the modified cellulose derivatives varied from 1.8 to 141 kDa. This dual modification strategy enables the creation of cellulose-based polymers with controlled electrostatic and hydrophobic characteristics, customisable for specific industrial applications. Our approach presents a sustainable and flexible solution for developing cellulose derivatives tailored to diverse industrial needs.

Constructing Flexible Crystalline Porous Organic Salts via a Zwitterionic Strategy.

The unique ionic channels and highly polar pore structures have distinguished crystalline porous organic salts (CPOSs) from conventional porous frameworks in the past decade. Up to now, CPOSs were all constructed by a monoionic strategy, in which two types of building units individually bearing anionic or cationic groups were introduced, thus increasing complexity in the synthesis of CPOSs. In this study, by utilizing stereoisomeric compounds of TPE-NS-Z or TPE-NS-E bearing both anionic and cationic groups as a single building unit, the zwitterionic strategy was proven feasible in constructing CPOSs. Benefiting from the single building unit, the zwitterionic strategy simplified the preparation process and reduced the difficulty in studying the aggregation behavior of building units into CPOSs. And also, this novel strategy enabled precise control of the finally obtained CPOSs through fine-tuning of the initial building units. Surprisingly, the special parallel/vertical alternated stacking mode and unique ionic interaction networks in the crystal structure provided the flexible pore characteristic of CPOS-E, which further guaranteed the multitime controllable release of highly polar chemicals in different solvents.

Insight into the Antibacterial Activities of Pyridinium-Based Cationic Pillar[5]arene with Controllable Hydrophobic Chain Lengths against Staphylococcus aureus.

The increasing number of infections caused by pathogenic bacteria has severely affected human society. More and more deaths were originated from Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection each year. The potential and excellent bacteriostatic activity and resistance to biofilm formation of pillar[5]arene with different functional groups attract important attention to further study the relationship between antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity by varying the length of the hydrophobic chain, the number of positive charges, and the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance of the molecule. In this work, four pyridinium-based cationic pillar[5]arene (PPs) with linear aliphatic chains of different lengths were synthesized. After systematic characterization, their inhibition activities against S. aureus were investigated. It revealed that PP6 (six methylenes in each linker) exhibited excellent inhibition activity against S. aureus (ATCC 6538) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.91 μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 62.50 μg/mL. As expected, PP6 exhibited the strongest antibiofilm ability and negligible antimicrobial resistance even after the 20th passage. A study of the action mechanism of selected PPs on the bacterial membrane depolarization and permeability by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) disclosed that the cationic pyridine groups of PPs inserted into the negatively charged bacterial membranes, thereby leading to membranolysis, cytoplasmic content leakage, and cell death. Importantly, PPs all showed very low toxicity to mammalian cells (L929 and HBZY-1), which provided a significant reference for the construction of hypotoxic antibacterial biomaterials for multiple drug-resistant bacteria based on pyridinium-grafted cationic macrocycles with controllable hydrophobic chain lengths.

Dual-function triboelectric nanogenerators: Integrating enhanced energy harvesting and antibacterial properties for wearable and portable electronics

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) offer potential for self-powered wearable and portable electronics that can be implanted under the skin (e.g., at the fingertip) to convert a touch stimulus into voltage. However, the proliferation of harmful bacteria on TENG-integrated devices from human touch remains a concern. This paper presents the fabrication of an antibacterial film-based TENG (AF-TENG) using cationic quaternary ammonium group-based poly(vinylidene fluoride) (NH4-PVDF). As the grafting content of cationic groups increases, the dielectric constant, β-phase content, and tribo-positivity increase, thus enhancing the performance of the AF-TENG. Specifically, the AF-TENG, composed of NH4-PVDF grafted with 40 wt% cationic groups and polytetrafluoroethylene, generates a maximum power density of 134 mW m−2 (24.1 times higher than that of ungrafted P(VDF-CTFE)-based TENG). Furthermore, the 40 wt% NH4-PVDF-based TENG exhibits potential applicability as a self-powered source in various applications, including illuminating light-emitting diodes (LEDs), charging capacitors, and driving a stopwatch. The AF-TENG demonstrated high durability over 21,000 cycles. Additionally, it exhibits excellent antibacterial activity (99.99%) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The findings confirm the potential of the proposed NH4-PVDF as an antibacterial and tribo-positive material and provide insights into future sustainable materials for facilitating wearable and portable energy generation.

Mixed-charge hyperbranched polymer nanoparticles with selective antibacterial action for fighting antimicrobial resistance

The escalating menace of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a profound global threat to life and assets. However, the incapacity of metal ions/reactive oxygen species (ROS) or the indiscriminate intrinsic interaction of cationic groups to distinguish between bacteria and mammalian cells undermines the essential selectivity required in these nanomaterials for an ideal antimicrobial agent. Hence, we devised and synthesized a range of biocompatible mixed-charge hyperbranched polymer nanoparticles (MCHPNs) incorporating cationic, anionic, and neutral alkyl groups to effectively combat multidrug-resistant bacteria and mitigate AMR. This outcome stemmed from the structural, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility analysis of seven MCHPNs, among which MCHPN7, with a ratio of cationic groups, anionic groups, and long alkyl chains at 27:59:14, emerged as the lead candidate. Importantly, owing to inherent differences in membrane potential among diverse species, alongside its nano-size (6 - 15 nm) and high hydrophilicity (Kow = 0.04), MCHPN7 exhibited exceptional selective bactericidal effects over mammalian cells (selectivity index > 564) in vitro and in vivo. By inducing physical membrane disruption, MCHPN7 effectively eradicated antibiotic-resistant bacteria and significantly delayed the emergence of bacterial resistance. Utilized as a coating, MCHPN7 endowed initially inert surfaces with the ability to impede biofilm formation and mitigate infection-related immune responses in mouse models. This research heralds the advent of biocompatible polymer nanoparticles and harbors significant implications in our ongoing combat against AMR. Statement of SignificanceThe escalating prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been acknowledged as one of the most significant threats to global health.Therefore, a series of mixed-charge hyperbranched polymer nanoparticles (MCHPNs) with selective antibacterial action were designed and synthesized. Owing to inherent differences in membrane potential among diverse species and high hydrophilicity (Kow = 0.04), the optimal nanoparticles exhibited exceptional selective bactericidal effects over mammalian cells (selectivity index >564) and significantly delayed the emergence of bacterial resistance. Importantly, they endowed surfaces with the ability to impede biofilm formation and mitigate infection-related immune responses.Furthermore, the above findings focus on addressing the problem of AMR in Post-Pandemic, which will for sure attract attention from both academic and industry research.

Cell Membrane Engineered Polypeptide Nanonets Mimicking Macrophage Aggregates for Enhanced Antibacterial Treatment.

Drug-resistant bacterial infections and their lipopolysaccharide-related inflammatory complications continue to pose significant challenges in traditional treatments. Inspired by the rapid initiation of resident macrophages to form aggregates for efficient antibacterial action, this study proposes a multifunctional and enhanced antibacterial strategy through the construction of novel biomimetic cell membrane polypeptide nanonets (R-DPB-TA-Ce). The design involves the fusion of end-terminal lipidated polypeptides containing side-chain cationic boronic acid groups (DNPLBA) with cell membrane intercalation engineering (R-DPB), followed by coordination with the tannic acid-cerium complex (TA-Ce) to assemble into a biomimetic nanonet through boronic acid-polyphenol-metal ion interactions. In addition to the ability of RAW 264.7 macrophages cell membrane components' (R) ability to neutralize lipopolysaccharide (LPS), R-DPB-TA-Ce demonstrated enhanced capture of bacteria and its LPS, leveraging nanoconfinement-enhanced multiple interactions based on the boronic acid-polyphenol nanonets skeleton combined with polysaccharide. Utilizing these advantages, indocyanine green (ICG)is further employed as a model drug for delivery, showcasing the exceptional treatment effect of R-DPB-TA-Ce as a new biomimetic assembled drug delivery system in antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing promotion. Thus, this strategy of mimicking macrophage aggregates is anticipated to be further applicable to various types of cell membrane engineering for enhanced antibacterial treatment.

Improvement of the properties of nanocellulose suspensions and films by the presence of residual lignin

The effect of lignin on several properties of nanocellulose suspensions and films, such as degree of mechanical fibrillation, optical transparency, and gas barrier properties is still a matter of study. In the present work, it was investigated the influence of residual lignin on the efficiency of cationization and enzymatic pretreatments to produce lignin-containing nanocelluloses (LCNFs) from unbleached kraft pulps, and, on the properties (mechanical, gas barrier, transparency, antioxidant activity and thermal stability) of the corresponding films. The overall efficiency of the pretreatments was not negatively affected by the presence of lignin (3–4 wt%) in the starting pulps, as measured by the degree of fibrillation, degree of polymerization of cellulose, optical transmittance, and cationic group content (cationization). On the contrary, lignin could even enhance the mechanical fibrillation and the optical transmittance (transparency) of the cationic and enzymatic LCNF suspensions compared to the reference lignin-free nanocelluloses (CNFs) prepared from bleached pulp. Lignin could also improve the optical transparency of the films, which is an important finding of the present work: 64.8% for LCNF-Cationic (-Cat) vs. 56.9% for CNF-Cat, and 74.5% for LCNF-Enzymatic (-Enz) vs. 64.5% for CNF-Enz. Moreover, films with lignin demonstrated higher antioxidant activity, UV-light absorption capacity, larger char residue, and even improved oxygen barrier compared to the analogous CNF films. A remarkable oxygen barrier performance was exhibited by the LCNF-Enz film (oxygen transmission rate below 2 cm3/m2.day). Overall, the presence of residual lignin in the cellulose micro/nanofibril production can improve some of the suspension and film properties, particularly the optical transparency.

Cationic Group 13 and 14 Element Clusters.

Anionic and neutral clusters dominate the cluster chemistry of group 13 and 14 elements, many of which have become classic textbook examples of main group element clusters. However, facilitated by the development of unreactive, weakly coordinating anions, the number of known group 13 and 14 cationic cluster compounds has risen rapidly in recent years. Hence, this review aims to give an overview over this research field, which arouses increasing interest owing to the often unusual structures of the cationic clusters, as well as their application in bond activation chemistry. Challenges of the cluster formation are discussed and suitable starting materials are presented, as well as syntheses, structures and the rich follow-up chemistry of (also mixed) group 13 and 14 cluster cations.

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of the salt 2-iodoethylammonium iodide – a possible side product upon synthesis of hybrid perovskites

The title organic–inorganic hybrid salt, C2H7IN+·I−, is isotypic with its bromine analog, C2H7BrN+·Br− [Semenikhin et al. (2024). Acta Cryst. E80, 738–741]. Its asymmetric unit consists of one 2-iodoethylammonium cation and one iodide anion. The NH3 + group of the organic cation forms weak hydrogen bonds with four neighboring iodide anions, leading to the formation of supramolecular layers propagating parallel to the bc plane. Hirshfeld surface analysis reveals that the most important contribution to the crystal packing is from N—H...I interactions (63.8%). The crystal under investigation was twinned by a 180° rotation around [001].

Quasi Solid Polyzwitterion- Polyacrylamide Electrolytes for Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Battery

Zinc-ion batteries have attracted significant attention due to their low cost, rechargeability, and superior safety features. In fact, the use of aqueous electrolytes negatively affects battery performance due to the solid electrolyte interface (SEI), creating zinc corrosion, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and dendrite formation. To address these challenges, quasi-solid electrolytes (QSE) based on polyacrylamide-poly (3-(1-vinyl-3-imidazolio) propanesulfonate) (PAM/PVIPS) have been developed. PAM stands out as matrix QSE due to its excellent flexibility and electrochemical stability. PVIPS offers a well-defined pathway for ion transportation caused by cationic and anionic groups in structure. Clearly, the asymmetrical zinc cell with PAM/PVIPS QSE effectively reduces the overpotential profile, prolongs the stabilized zinc plating/stripping and enhances ionic conductivity, compared to PAM QSE. Additionality, the performance of Zn||δ-MnO2 is also enhanced with PAM/PVIPS QSE, yielding the specific capacity value of 65 mAh g-1, which is superior to the pristine PAM QSE (56 mAh g-1).