Cathode Research Articles

Bioelectrogenesis with microbial fuel cells (MFCs) using the microalga Chlorella vulgaris and bacterial communities

Background: Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology is used in various applications such as wastewater treatment with the production of electrical energy. The objective of this study was to estimate the biodepuration of oils and fats, the elimination of blue dye brl and bioelectro-characterization in MFCs with Chlorella vulgaris and bacterial community. Results: The operation of MFCs at 32 d showed an increase in bioelectrogenic activity (from 23.17 to 327.67 mW/m2 ) and in the potential (from 200 to 954 mV), with biodepuration of fats and oils (95%) in the microalgal cathode, and a removal of the chemical oxygen demand COD (anode, 71%, cathode, 78.6%) and the blue dye brl (73%) at the anode, here biofilms were formed by the bacterial community consisting of Actinobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria. Conclusions: These findings suggest that MFCs with C. vulgaris and bacterial community have a simultaneous efficiency in the production of bioelectricity and bioremediation processes, becoming an important source of bioenergy in the future.

Modelling of end-use electricity consumption and saving potential in household sector in northern thailand

This study presents the actual state of electricity consumption in the household sector in northern region. The characteristics of household electricity consumption was considered to be an essential information for overview estimation of energy usage. The feasibility of energy conservation by improving end-use electricity energy efficiency was investigated. A questionnaire interview survey of 2,500 households concerning 36 kinds of appliances was conducted covering urban and rural areas in northern region in 2016 to identify the characteristics of household electricity consumption. The survey covers three areas: (i) household characteristics, (ii) dwelling characteristics, and (iii) appliances. The survey results were extrapolating, by using the energy model which implies the majority of household electricity consumption in the area level, to estimate the whole electricity consumption for northern region. The result overall electricity consumption in the household in northern region will be 5,604.10 GWh in the year 2016 shows with a make-up of refrigerator (32.10 %), air conditioner (18.04 %), light bulb (17.72 %), television (9.36 %), fan (7.63 %), rice cooker (5.19 %), iron (4.57 %), water heater (3.07 %) and washing machine (2.32 %). Around 16.14 % of electricity consumption, 847.24 GWh or 479.96 kt CO2, could be reduced by means of replacement with higher efficiency appliances. The electricity saving potentials are 65.23 % by changing fluorescent light bulb (FL) to Light Emitting Diode bulb (LED), 44.83 % by changing Cathode Ray Tube television (CRT) to LED television, 1.58 % for rice cooker, 1.53 % for iron, 1.03 % for washing machine, 0.78 % for water heater, 0.70 % for fan, 0.29 % for refrigerator and 0.23 % for air conditioner. The greenhouse gas mitigation from energy reduction potential including the policy recommendation are also raised.

Micro bial fuel cell with Ni-Co cathode

Micro bial fuel cell with Ni-Co cathode

Synthesis and Properties of Lithium Vanadium Phosphates/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite as Cathode Materials

Synthesis and Properties of Lithium Vanadium Phosphates/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite as Cathode Materials

BASF, Umicore settle cathode suit

BASF, Umicore settle cathode suit

A photoelectrochemical flow cell design for the efficient CO2 conversion to fuels

A solar driven photoelectrochemical flow cell consisting of TiO2 nanorods and an electrodeposited Sn on gas diffusion electrode (GDE) has been studied for the reduction of CO2 (CO2R) and O2 evolution reaction (OER) under visible light irradiation. Two strategies were proposed to enhance the overall product efficiency which are (i) adjustment of cathode dimensions and (ii) concentration of solar light on the photoanode. With the TiO2 photoanode, at an applied bias potential of 1.2V, faradaic efficiencies of 40–65% for HCOO− production were obtained on the Sn cathode, reaching energy efficiencies up to 70%. The presented results prove that optimized system efficiency could be obtained with a stable photoanode providing a large photovoltage for OER and a GDE cathode with improved CO2 mass transfer which paves the way towards efficient synthesis of industrial solar fuels.

Applications of Carbon Fiber Ultra-microelectrode and Powder Microelectrode in Exploring Influences of Non-aqueous Solvents and Cathode Materials on ORR and OER†

Applications of Carbon Fiber Ultra-microelectrode and Powder Microelectrode in Exploring Influences of Non-aqueous Solvents and Cathode Materials on ORR and OER†

Lithium-Rich Cathode Materials for High Energy-Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium-Rich Cathode Materials for High Energy-Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

A Novel Cathode Structure in Electrochemical Micro-Machining of Micro Holes

A Novel Cathode Structure in Electrochemical Micro-Machining of Micro Holes

Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Ni-rich NCM Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

층상구조의 Ni-rich NCM계 양극활물질 $Li[Ni_xCo_{(1-x)/2}Mn_{(1-x)/2} ] O_2$ ( $x{\geq}0.6$ )은 $LiCoO_2$ 대비 높은 에너지밀도와 가격 경쟁력의 장점을 가진다. Ni 함량에 비례하여 가역 방전용량이 증가하는 장점이 있는 반면, 합성 중에 발생하는 양이온 혼합으로 인해 안정적인 전기화학성능을 구현하기 ...

Numerical Study on Oxygen Depletion Characteristics of Porous Cathodes in Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Numerical Study on Oxygen Depletion Characteristics of Porous Cathodes in Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Fabrication of Li 2 MnSiO 4 Cathode Thin Films by RF Sputtering for Thin Film Li-ion Secondary Batteries and Their Electrochemical Properties

Fabrication of Li 2 MnSiO 4 Cathode Thin Films by RF Sputtering for Thin Film Li-ion Secondary Batteries and Their Electrochemical Properties

Degradation of Painting Ink Wastewater in a Tubular Reactor with Electrochemical Treatment

In the present study, electrochemical treatment experiments were conducted to degrade water-based printing ink wastewater. It was performed with ruthenium oxide coated titanium acting as anode and stainless steel tube as cathode. Electrolyses carried out in batch under steady conditions and operating at constant flow velocity between 0.538×10-3 and 6.129×10-3m/s. The evolution of color and COD removal, the value of pH were found to be inter-related. The kinetics for the concentration decays of the wastewater pseudo first-order reaction that is characteristic for a mass transfer controlled operation. The mass transfer coefficient kc increased with increasing flow velocity and Reynolds number. The evolution of color and COD removal, the value of pH were found to be inter-related. The effect of the parameters on current efficiency and energy cost has also been investigated. The tubular electrochemical reactor could be considered a feasible and an effective alternative system for the electrochemical treatment of water-based printing ink wastewater.

Low Cost Materials for the Air Cathodes in Single-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells: A Mini Review

Low Cost Materials for the Air Cathodes in Single-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells: A Mini Review

Cathode Materials of Non-Aqueous Lithium-Oxygen Battery

Cathode Materials of Non-Aqueous Lithium-Oxygen Battery

Preparation and structural characterization of TiO2 nanotube arrays on surface of orthopaedic titanium plate

Objective The TiO2 nanotube arrays, fabricated on the surface of orthopedics, was characterized, to provide carrier for orthopedics plant surface modification or coating, and seek a new way for the prevention and treatment of orthopedics plant infection. Methods By adjusting certain parameters, TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated on orthopedic titanium plate surface using the method of anodic oxidation, with glycerol system as electrolyte, orthopedics titanium plate as anode, and platinum electrode as cathode. TiO2 nanotube arrays were characterized. The element composition of TiO2 nanotube arrays was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the morphological changes of TiO2 nanotube arrays was observed at high temperature (300 ℃) by X-ray diffractomer (XRD). Results With glycerol system as electrolyte, TiO2 nanotube array with diameter of about 100 to 200 nm and the length less than 3 μm can be fabricated on orthopedic titanium plate surface using anodic oxidation of 24 h. The surface of orthopedic titanium plate was changed from silver white to deep blue in the macroscopic view. The TiO2 nanotube array on orthopedics titanium plate surface was mainly composed of Ti element (75.88%), O element (20.16%), and F element (3.96%) by XPS analysis. TiO2 nanotube arrays morphology was stable when it was heated to 300 ℃ by muffle furnace. Conclusions The method of anodic oxidation can be applied to manufacture TiO2 nanotubes array on titanium plate surface. The array with stable morphology, the inner hollow shape, the bottom sealing, and a large specific surface area, can withstand high temperature, which can provide carrier for orthopedics plant surface modification or coating. Key words: Orthopaedic titanium plate; Preparation; Nanotube arrays; Structural characterization

Microbial Fuel Cell for Electricity Generation and Waste Water Treatment

Energy problem is a global issue that has a serious effect on many countries in the world. The demand for energy is currently growing far greater than the supply of the nationally generated energy. In order to overcome energy crisis and the output pollution of the generation, it is suggested to use the Microbial Fuel Cell (M.F.C). M.F.Cs are devices that use bacteria as a catalyst to oxidize organic and inorganic matters and generate electric current. With the modifications that are suggested by this study, there will be clean, available and suitable energy source. Besides having the property of being efficient, eco-friendly and cheaper than the other resources, it can utilize the sewage to generate electricity and produce clean water, which mean cleaner environment with a great supply of energy and clean drinkable water. Facing challenges that affect the development of the M.F.Cs is an important aspect to be studied, so our study suggests solutions nearly for all the challenges facing them like the types of the electrodes, output pollutants, the catalyst in the cathode chamber and the real application.

Method of Controlling the Morphology of Cathode Deposit by Determining Electrochemical Resistance for Copper Electrodeposition Process

Проблематика . Актуальною проблемою електроекстракційного отримання компактної міді з гідрометалургійних розчинів є інтенсифікація процесу завдяки підвищенню максимально допустимих робочих густин струму при збереженні високої ефектив­ності процесу. Мета дослідження. Розробка способу визначення максимально допустимих робочих густин струму формування компактних осадів міді для процесу електроекстракції на основі використання залежностей електрохімічного опору ( r i ) від робочої густини струму ( i ). Методика реалізації. Застосовувався метод отримання катодних поляризаційних кривих процесу осадження міді із сульфатних розчинів. Морфологію катодної міді, осадженої за умов варіювання концентрації іонів міді, сульфатної кислоти та густини струму, досліджували за допомогою металографічного мікроскопа. Результати дослідження. Показано, що максимальна робоча густина струму осадження компактних осадів міді прийнятної для гідрометалургії якості відповідає початку підйому кривої r i – i після мінімуму. Встановлено, що збільшення концентрації міді зумовлює розширення області мінімуму, а концентрації кислоти – звуження. Аналітично отримано рівняння, яке дає змогу розмежувати міграційну та дифузійну складові граничної густини струму для цієї системи. Висновки . Вперше за допомогою методу диференціювання поляризаційних кривих, з використанням рівняння для умов змішаної кінетики, здійснено визначення максимальної робочої густини струму осадження компактних осадів з врахуванням зміни складу сульфатного розчину електроекстракції міді.

Preparation and electrochemical properties of LaBiMn2O6 cathode for IT-SOFCs

LaBiMn2O6 (LBM) cathode for IT-SOFCs (intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells) has been prepared by solid state reaction and studied by XRD and EIS spectrum, respectively. The results show that LBM has no reaction with Ce0.7Bi0.3O1.85(CBO) electrolyte at 1 000 °C for 12 h. AC impedance spectroscopy and DC polarization measurements are used to study the electrode performances+ The polarization resistance decreases with temperature and reaches 0.71 Ω ·cm2 at 700 °C in air. Oxygen partial pressure study indicated that charge transfer process is the major rate limiting step for LaBiMn2O6 cathode from 600 to 700 °C. The LaBiMn2O6 cathode exhibits the lowest overpotential of 85 mV under current density of 216 mA ·cm-2 at 700 °C in air. This preliminary work showes that LaBiMn2O6 material may be potential cathodes for IT-SOFCs.

LHCD cathode high voltage power supply based on pulse step modulator

In order to satisfy the requirement of the lower hybrid current driven(LHCD) system on HL-2A, the high voltage power supply based on pulse step modulator is designed and analyzed. Many modules are connected in series, and the output voltage can be adjusted continuously. The power supply with low voltage and low frequency can be transferred into the power supply with high voltage and high frequency. The power and stability and redundancy are increased. The parameter and type of the components in the module including their technology layout are analyzed carefully. The leakage inductance of the multi-winding transformer is used as the filter inductor. The metallized film capacitors and the IGBT are adopted. The high voltage transformers with 29 second-windings are designed. The control algorithm and control system are designed to satisfy the requirement of the load. Test results especially the over-current protective test results are shown. The practicabilities of the two main control algorithms are tested. Many parameters especially those for quick protection and stability of the power supply can satisfy the requirement of the load.