Categories Of Persons Research Articles

Комплексное исследование правовых основ и проблемных вопросов оказания первой помощи военнослужащим (военнослужащими)

Summary. The purpose of the study is to consider topical issues of legal regulation and improvement of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the issues of first aid to military personnel (by servicemen). Materials and research methods. The theoretical and informational basis of the study was the developments in the field of military and medical law, as well as research in the field of individual issues of legal regulation of medical activity, forensic and military medical examination in the Armed Forces and National Guard troops of the Russian Federation. As a methodology of the study were used comparative-legal and doctrinal approaches, as well as the principles of applying a systematic approach in socio-humanitarian cognition. Research methods were analysis and synthesis, comparison and analogy, system method and modeling. Results of the study and their analysis. The issues of legal regulation of first aid to military personnel (by servicemen) are considered. It is noted that the fulfillment of tasks in the sphere of health care and provision of medical assistance to various categories of persons is an important social task, and the improvement of first aid to servicemen (by military personnel) is an important task of health care, allowing to save the lives of the wounded and sick. The list of conditions in which first aid is provided and the list of first aid measures are analyzed, and the federal executive authorities in which servicemen perform military service are enlisted. Some imperfections of norms and legislative prescriptions in the area under consideration are revealed. It is concluded that the results of the study can be used for further scientific developments in the field of military and medical law and training of personnel of military and medical universities.

A comparison between syntactical functions of Participle II in the German language and participle in standard Albanian language

Abstract In verb system of different languages there is a distinction of finite and nonfinite form of verbs. Finite verbs have morphological categories of tense, mood, person and number. These categories cannot be found in nonfinite form of the verbs (Bech, 1955). Nonfinite form of verbs do not give evidence for mood, person and number (Hentchel & Weydt, 1994). Comparing nonfinite form of verbs has been the object of different studies. The purpose of these studies is identifying the differences and similarities of nonfinite form of verbs in different languages. In one language a nonfinite form might be missing, whereas in another language a nonfinite verb is present. These changes make a big difference in morphology and syntax. Every language has its own feature based on grammatical rules. The purpose of this study is an analysis of syntactical functions of Participle II in German language and participle in standard Albanian language by finding the difference and similarities between them. Participle II of German language or as it is different named past participle coincide with nonfinite form participle of Albanian language. The participle of Albanian language and Participle II of German language have many similar uses in terms of verbs and adjective features. Participles have similar syntactical functions but there are also a lot of differences.

On certain terms and definitions in the legislation on gender equality

In this article, the author examines the principle of equality and emphasizes the importance of using various research methods to understand this principle. The author considers the system-structural method, the phenomenological method, the method of comparative analysis, the prognostic method and the historical-legal method as tools that help to get a more complete picture of the problem. The study of the principle of equality helps to understand how to ensure equality and justice in society, to identify inequalities and discrimination, as well as to improve legislation and create equal conditions for all citizens. The article is devoted to the study of the principle of equality and the use of various research methods for its better understanding. The author notes that the principle of equality is a fundamental concept in various fields of knowledge, and its understanding is key to creating a fair and equal society. The article discusses various research methods that can be used to study the principle of equality. For example, the system-structural method allows you to analyze the problem in the context of the system, identify relationships and the influence of various factors on equality. The phenomenological method focuses on researching the experiences of individuals who have experienced discrimination, which helps to gain a deeper understanding of the problem and its consequences. The method of comparative analysis of legal norms and legislation of different countries makes it possible to identify the best practices and experience of other countries, which can be used to improve legislation in a specific country. Forecasting and modeling allow us to predict future outcomes and evaluate the effectiveness of different measures to achieve equality. The historical-legal method of research allows analyzing the past and finding the causes and consequences of discrimination in the past, which can be useful for developing strategies to combat discrimination in modern society. The use of various research methods allows obtaining detailed information about the problem of discrimination and inequality. This allows to analyze the problem from different criteria, taking into account social, economic, cultural and other aspects. Studying the principle of equality is of great importance for society. It helps to reveal systemic inequalities and discrimination that may exist in various areas of life, including employment, education, health care and others. Equality research helps identify negative trends and develop strategies to counter discrimination and ensure equal opportunities for all. Overall, this article highlights the importance of using a variety of research methods to understand the principle of equality. This allows you to get a comprehensive picture of the problem of discrimination and inequality, to reveal their causes and consequences, as well as to develop effective strategies for improving society and creating more equal and fair conditions for all citizens. The use of various research methods allows collecting various data, analyzing them from different perspectives and obtaining a more objective understanding of the problem. Key words: women from vulnerable groups, methodological principles, vulnerable categories of persons, research on the principle of equality.

The need to improve legislation on assistance to internally displaced persons

The goal of the article was to conduct an analysis of relations related to the provision and need for state support for IDPs and certain categories of persons who suffered from military aggression, an analysis of the provisions of normative acts, considerations and proposals of scientists and practitioners, based on which - to make proposals on improving state support for IDPs and other categories of persons affected by military operations. To achieve the goal, a complex of well-known cognitive methods was applied. Thanks to this, the current Ukrainian legislation was analyzed, which establishes the rules according to which IDPs receive state support, and practical examples showed contradictory and even inappropriate points contained in the resolution of the CMU “On providing monthly targeted assistance to internally displaced persons to cover living expenses, in including for the payment of housing and communal services” dated October 1, 2014 and which are contained in the current resolution of the CMU dated March 20, 2022 No. 332 «Some issues of payment of housing allowance to internally displaced persons». The article shows that the state often provides assistance to the wrong people who need it, while the latter often remain without assistance. With the adoption of Resolution No. 332 of March 20, 2022 by the CMU, the state essentially violated the principle of equality of citizens by dividing IDPs into two categories - IDPs who became such before February 24, 2022, and IDPs who became such after February 24, 2022. At the same time, the latter are in a much more privileged position compared to the former and in general to many other categories of Ukrainian citizens who suffered from the russian federation’s military aggression. In order to restore the effect of the principle of social justice in relation to IDPs and other citizens of Ukraine, the article proposed to the legislator to add to the Resolution of the CMU of March 20, 2022 No. 332: links the provision of state benefits and the provision of state assistance to able-bodied persons with the obligation of their official employment; norms on the possibility of IDPs who received this status before February 24, 2022, but lost the right to receive state aid, to return state financial aid in the event of their employment and socialization in the place of their actual residence on the territory of Ukraine under the control of the official state authorities; provisions on more active inspection of officially designated places of residence of IDPs and objects of immovable property belonging to them in the territory under the control of the official state authorities, with the possibility of depriving such persons of state financial assistance and places of free accommodation and food in case of establishing the facts of actual residence in these objects properties of relatives of IDPs, IDPs themselves or tenants. The proposals made should contribute to ensuring compliance with the principle of social justice and bringing order to the provision of state assistance to IDPs.

Well-being and internal resources during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to meaning in life and existential anxiety.

The COVID-19 pandemic represents an event that placed humanity in a context where confrontation with uncertainty, isolation, life threats, and significant changes in one's life were on a scale that exceeded by far any previous individual or community crises. The interest of the present research was to investigate the relationship between meaning in life (MiL) and existential anxiety (EA) with personal internal resources such as creativity, playfulness, well-being, and personal meaning. A total of 451 participants from 48 countries (mean age 34.93 years, standard deviation 12.62, 31.9% men, 67.4% women) were questioned via online questionnaires between May and June 2020. Cluster analysis was performed on the meaning in life and existential anxiety that generated four categories of persons: Reactive, Superficial, Preoccupied, and Dedicated. Well-being and internal resources were associated mostly with the Dedicated type and less with the Reactive one. Arguments relying on the existential positive psychology suffering model and the hostile world scenario are presented to support the results and plead for interventions that elicit meaning, stimulate creativity, and guide people in finding purpose in order to ultimately promote psychological and mental health.

Leading people on foot to the police headquarters

Driving to the police headquarters is carried out when it is necessary for the detected person to be brought to the police headquarters for certain measures that must be taken to solve certain police procedures. Also, driving to the police headquarters is justified, as a decision to protect the person, when taking legal measures, on the spot, could create a danger for it or for public order. Since driving at the police headquarters affects individual freedom, the obligation of the police officer to report on the application of this measure is established. Police officers carry out driving at the police headquarters, by accompanying people, in order to take legal measures. The verification of the situation of these categories of persons and the taking of legal measures, as the case may be, is carried out in no more than 24 hours. If the policeman acts alone, he asks for the support of the citizens, whom he informs about what they have to do, so that this police measure can be successfully carried out. This procedure does not exclude or limit the obligation of the personnel involved in these activities to comply with and comply with the normative acts/provisions in force, as well as the provisions of the Organization and Operation Regulation and the Job Description.

Blending citizen science with natural language processing and machine learning: Understanding the experience of living with multiple sclerosis.

The emergence of new digital technologies has enabled a new way of doing research, including active collaboration with the public ('citizen science'). Innovation in machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) has made automatic analysis of large-scale text data accessible to study individual perspectives in a convenient and efficient fashion. Here we blend citizen science with innovation in NLP and ML to examine (1) which categories of life events persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) perceived as central for their MS; and (2) associated emotions. We subsequently relate our results to standardized individual-level measures. Participants (n = 1039) took part in the 'My Life with MS' study of the Swiss MS Registry which involved telling their story through self-selected life events using text descriptions and a semi-structured questionnaire. We performed topic modeling ('latent Dirichlet allocation') to identify high-level topics underlying the text descriptions. Using a pre-trained language model, we performed a fine-grained emotion analysis of the text descriptions. A topic modeling analysis of totally 4293 descriptions revealed eight underlying topics. Five topics are common in clinical research: 'diagnosis', 'medication/treatment', 'relapse/child', 'rehabilitation/wheelchair', and 'injection/symptoms'. However, three topics, 'work', 'birth/health', and 'partnership/MS' represent domains that are of great relevance for participants but are generally understudied in MS research. While emotions were predominantly negative (sadness, anxiety), emotions linked to the topics 'birth/health' and 'partnership/MS' was also positive (joy). Designed in close collaboration with persons with MS, the 'My Life with MS' project explores the experience of living with the chronic disease of MS using NLP and ML. Our study thus contributes to the body of research demonstrating the potential of integrating citizen science with ML-driven NLP methods to explore the experience of living with a chronic condition.

The right to peace: a question of genesis

The extraordinary events related to the Russian Federation conducting a so-called «special operation» on the territory of Ukraine demonstrated the weakness of international mechanisms for the protection and maintenance of peace, the disregard of the peoples' right to peace. The latter right, despite numerous declarations adopted by the United Nations for its protection (more than six), has been repeatedly violated by individual states, including members of the Security Council, over the past decades. This indicates insufficient attention on the part of the scientific community to the issues of ensuring the right to peace, the lack of verified scientific proposals to improve the situation in this area, which cannot be fully done without a retrospective analysis of the genesis of this right. The purpose of the study is to identify the metaphysical foundations of the antipode of the right to peace – the right to war and to study the genesis of the right to peace in historical retrospect. Research methods are historical-legal, phenomenological, anthropological. As a result of the use of the mentioned methods, it was established that the law of war is a projection of the law of force, which is interpreted as the presence of advantages in a certain category of persons – from individual individuals to their associations. With the development of civilization, the legality of the law of war began to be limited by the emergence of the right of nations to peace, which took shape in the writings of individual scientists. Among the latter are Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, the Dutch scientist Erasmus of Rotterdam, the English pacifist William Penn, the French abbot Charles de Saint-Pierre, and the German philosopher Emmanuel Kant. Most of them in their works professed not only the ideology of peace, but also proposed specific mechanisms that should be involved in order to achieve this goal. The main means, from their point of view, were the presence of a republican form of government and treaties concluded between states that form the newly created international law. In addition, it was proposed to create international organizations that will take care of issues of maintaining peace and preventing conflicts between states. Examples of the creation of such organizations were the League of Nations and the United Nations, which replaced the first. As can be seen from the above, humanity is tired of living in the conditions of wars from which it suffers, it has earned its right to peace through its history, and the main condition for coexistence between peoples is recognized as the necessity of their relationship to each other as a good neighbor. It is clear that there can be no military conflicts between good neighbors, that all disputes must be resolved on the basis of equality and respect for each other, regardless of the size of the territories and population. Key words: the right to peace, the right to war, the right to force, international mechanisms for the protection of the right to peace.

Wybrane systemy współpracy międzynarodowej w zakresie zapewniania bezpieczeństwa osób zaginionych

The article analyses selected systems of international cooperation in ensuring the safety of missing persons. The study indicates the categories of missing persons, the procedures regulating the conduct of a police officer in the case of a missing person, the documentation of search activities, the scale and causes of disappearances and the cooperation of institutions and non-governmental organisations in the search for a missing person. Improving the circulation of information between Police organisational units concerning disappearances outside the Republic of Poland is an important task of the institution through the dissemination of electronic exchange of information, in particular with regard to the categorisation of missing persons. Authors believes that it is important to take steps to enlist new groups to extend their reach to cover both domestic and international areas, thereby affecting the efficient and effective operations of the Police in conducting searches for missing persons both domestically and internationally.

СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПРАВА НА ПРАЦЮ УВ’ЯЗНЕНИМИ, ЯКІ ТРИМАЮТЬСЯ В СЛІДЧИХ ІЗОЛЯТОРАХ

The article examines the issue of the current state of implementation of the right to work by prisoners held in remand detention centers of Ukraine. The concepts of prisoner and convict are given to distinguish them. It is being considered which categories of persons can be held in pretrial detention centers. The quantitative index of prisoners as of January 1, 2023 is presented in the article, who are held in pretrial detention centers and in penitentiary institutions that perform the function of pre-trial detention centers on the territory of Ukraine. The procedure for engaging prisoners to work is disclosed in accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On Pretrial Detention”, as well as the Rules of the Internal Procedures of Pretrial Detention Centers of the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine. The comments and recommendations made by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment during their visit to detention centers of Ukraine in different years are given. As an example, the decision of the European Court of Human Affairs, namely the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, which indicates that the employment of prisoners, including providing them with certain work, should have a positive effect on their detention. In the article attention is focused on the complicated procedure of engaging in socially useful work of persons taken into custody in workshops and certain recommendations are given regarding its optimization. A proposal for the introduction of remote work in detention centers for prisoners is given, which in turn will fully expand the type of possible work for prisoners, as well as satisfy the problem of employment. The Strategy for the reform of the penitentiary system for the period until 2026 was considered, namely the issue of changing approaches to the involvement of convicts and persons taken into custody for gainful employment. Key words: prisoners, work of prisoners, employment, work, detention center, penitentiary institutions.

NOTIFICATION OF SUSPICION TO A CERTAIN CATEGORY OF PERSONS: PECULIARITIES OF LEGITIMIZATION DURING LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES

The research conducted in the article is due to a number of problems and gaps identified by judicial and law enforcement practice related to the interpretation and application of the relevant provisions of the law on subjects and the procedure for reporting the suspicion of a separate category of persons. The legal institute notification of suspicion is one of the defining procedural institutes in the modern criminal process of Ukraine. The problem of reporting suspicions of committing criminal offences to people’s deputies of Ukraine and other persons who are referred to as the «separate category of persons» by the criminal procedure law has become especially relevant. The article examines legal justification or legitimation of the grounds and procedure for applying the procedure for notification of suspicion of committing a criminal offence to the above-mentioned persons. For this purpose, the notice of suspicion is, first of all, considered as a complex procedural measure provided by the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, which consists of successive, interconnected and interdependent stages: establishing legal grounds for notification of suspicion; adoption of the relevant procedural decision and its execution in the form of a written document indicating all the circumstances and qualifications of the criminal offence; conducting a procedural action, the content of which is reduced to the direct delivery of such a document (notice) to a certain person with an explanation of the content of the suspicion and his procedural rights. It is concluded that compliance with the above-mentioned legal procedure for notification of suspicion, in particular, personal, direct delivery of such notification to representatives of certain categories of persons by law special entities, is the basis for the legal legitimization of this procedural institution, ensuring the special legal status of these persons, as well as guaranteeing the rule of law, respect for constitutional rights and achieving legal objectives of criminal proceedings.

Pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with mental disorders in combination with alcoholism

The article presents an assessment of the characteristics of the clinical and psychological state of patients with comorbid pathology (pulmonary tuberculosis and mental disorder) in combination with alcoholism. The purpose of assessing the characteristics of the clinical and psychological state of this category of persons is to create a medical and social portrait of the latter. Results. The study showed that a fairly high percentage of patients with comorbid pathology (pulmonary tuberculosis and mental disorder) are dependent on psychoactive substances. For the studied category of persons, characteristic psychological features and cognitive impairments were revealed. Conclusion. Taking into account the results of the study, it is necessary, in addition to the main anti-tuberculosis treatment, to such patients to carry out therapeutic measures aimed at improving cognitive functions and involve them in rehabilitation psychological and correctional programs. In terms of providing medical care, pay special attention to the organization and implementation of comprehensive treatment for patients with alcohol dependence and comorbid pulmonary tuberculosis, to implement it jointly: by phthisiatricians, psychiatrists, psychologists and narcologists.

Important professional qualities of patient safety specialists

The study of individual characteristics of the patient safety culture was conducted in various Ukrainian health care facilities using the questionnaire of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's (AHRQ). The characteristics of the patient safety culture were analyzed by taking into account the length of service, membership of respondent to medical or nursing staff, and the profile of therapeutic or surgical activity. The essential professional qualities of patient safety specialists and the categories of persons who are the most suitable candidates for the training of patient safety specialists were defined. It was noted that training specialists to ensure patients safety, taking into account professionally essential qualities, becomes especially relevant in connection with the transition from the culture of blaming individuals for mistakes to the practice of a fair culture, in which mistakes are not considered as a personal oversight, but as an opportunity to improve the system and prevent future harm. It was found that the nursing staff rated patient safety on wards lower than in hospital. A greater risk of adverse event reporting was found for surgical workers and a reduced risk of adverse event reporting for workers with 21 years of experience or more compared to workers with five years of experience or less. Based on the conducted research, it was concluded that the most suitable candidates for training patient safety specialists would be surgeons with 5 years of experience, who are critical as for patient safety in their units and prone to disclose adverse events.

THE IMPORTANCE OF DEPENDENCY IN THE PENSION LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article deals with certain issues of legal regulation of the institution of dependency in pension legislation and its significance for the appointment of the appropriate type of pension. The concept and content of dependency as a legal category, the peculiarities of its interpretation in law enforcement practice are investigated. The authors focus on the features and problems of the legal regulation of the establishment (confirmation) of dependency in order to assign insurance and social pensions in case of loss of the breadwinner in relation to various categories of persons. The judicial practice on establishing the fact of dependency is analyzed

INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STANDARDS FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES: SOME ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION IN KAZAKHSTAN AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES

Protection, respect and promotion of human rights is one of the universally recognized principles of modern international law. Within the framework of the current universal system of human rights protection, special attention is paid to the most vulnerable categories of persons, which include persons with disabilities. In this paper, the author analyzes the current international legal standards of the United Nations in the field of ensuring the rights of persons with disabilities, including the provisions of the International Bill of Human Rights, the UN Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The classification of the rights of persons with disabilities within the meaning of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (civil and political rights, social rights, specialized rights) is given. The author also analyzed the legal framework for ensuring the rights of persons with disabilities in Kazakhstan. In particular, this paper examines the practice of establishing disability in Kazakhstan and foreign countries. In addition, existing models for assessing disability according to the European approach were identified based on an analysis of the legislative acts of Estonia, Spain, and Hungary. The author argues for the need to change approach in Kazakhstan from the assessment of functional capabilities when establishing disability to a holistic approach to assessing disability (holistic approach), which combines the assessment of impairments, functional capabilities and environmental factors. In conclusion, the author proposes a number of relevant recommendations for improving the Kazakhstani practice of establishing disability, taking into account the best foreign experience, through amendments to legislative acts.

ГУМАНИЗАЦИЯ УГОЛОВНО-ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ ИНСТИТУТА ПРОБАЦИИ

Based on the analysis of international documents, regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as scientific research of domestic scientists, the authors define the concept of "humanization as a process within the penal system." A connection is established between the weakening of socially useful ties and the growth of recidivism. An assessment of the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation aimed at relieving social tension among persons released from prison and society has been carried out. The federal legislation aimed at correcting the mechanism of assistance to persons released from places of deprivation of liberty who find themselves in a difficult life situation has been studied. The institute of probation is considered as an element of humanization in several directions of its manifestation. The authors came to the conclusion that the state policy aimed at providing assistance and support to this category of persons within the framework of the probation institute is another step in the process of humanizing the penal system.

APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF VULNERABILITY: INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ASPECT

The article analyses a number of international agreements, resolutions and strategic acts adopted under the auspices of universal and regional organisations on the regulation of vulnerable categories of persons. The authors describe the doctrinal approaches to the interpretation and understanding of the concept of “vulnerability”. The paper indicates that the concept of “vulnerability” has become widely used in the context of protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. It is emphasised that the norms of modern international law do not regulate or reveal the essence and meaning of the concept of “vulnerability”, and do not offer an exhaustive standardised list of criteria by which persons could be classified as a vulnerable group of the population. International agreements and guidelines usually define the need to provide special protection to individuals or emphasise the special situation or vulnerability of certain categories of the population, but the concept of “vulnerability” remains quite broad for interpretation. It is noted that vulnerable categories of persons mainly include individuals who need enhanced or additional protection due to their physiological, age or psychological state, those being children, women, persons with disabilities, the elderly, migrant workers, refugees, national minorities and indigenous peoples, etc. It is emphasised that each vulnerable group may also have several signs of vulnerability. Therefore, when developing mechanisms for protecting the rights of these categories, all signs in aggregate and each of them separately should be taken into account. The author points out that those factors are involved in the formation of vulnerable groups: external and internal, notably, globalisation, extreme poverty, natural disasters, individual physical or mental characteristics, age, gender, disability, any vulnerability of legal status, etc.

Изучение личности пожизненно осужденного как условие эффективной оперативно-розыскной профилактики

<p style="text-align: justify;">The article reveals the psychological characteristics of various spheres of the personality of those sentenced to life imprisonment, identified by the results of an empirical study conducted by the Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in 2020 in institutions where this category of persons is kept. The purpose of the study was to identify the personal characteristics of those sentenced to life imprisonment, which can be used in the implementation of operational-search activities. As the tasks set for the authors, we can single out: the development of a questionnaire, the conduct of a study, the processing and analysis of its results. The methodological basis of the work was based on sociological methods of research. In particular, the method of questioning was used. The study was conducted in all institutions where prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment are kept. Based on the results of the study, the main features of various spheres of the personality of those sentenced to life imprisonment were revealed, the knowledge of which will increase the effectiveness of operational-search and preventive work with them.</p>

Emergent infection: atypical clinical cases of monkeypox (updated review)

Abstract. The international emergency caused by monkeypox has forced the world to pay attention to this infection, as it has spread beyond endemic regions and no control measures have been developed. The virus began to be transmitted to humans not only by contact, but also by airborne droplets, fecal-oral, and vertical. There have been cases of in-hospital spread, outbreaks after eating contaminated animal meat, and swimming in water. Pregnant women, children under 8 years of age, and HIV-infected people require special attention due to the risk of complications. Therefore, it is important for doctors of all levels to be aware of new ways of spreading the infection, atypical manifestations of the disease for differential diagnosis, timely detection and further treatment. Aim. To conduct an up-to-date literature review of clinical cases of monkeypox in people at increased risk of developing atypical course and complications - in HIV-infected people (due to the virus's damage to the immune system) and children under 8 years of age (due to insufficiently formed immunity). Materials and Мethods. Scientific articles from the google scholar database were analyzed, among which 7 articles with 9 different case descriptions were selected to conduct an in-depth study of clinical cases among people from different non-endemic countries who have insufficient immunity (WHO experts consider African and Asian countries to be endemic). Results. Most of the atypical cases were observed among homosexual men receiving antiretroviral therapy or pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection. The characteristic rash appeared after unprotected oral or anal sex on the corresponding body parts. As for the disease in young children who do not have their own immunity, the mechanism of transmission was contact or vertical. Conclusions. Our analysis of the literature shows the prevalence of monkeypox in the male gender group with non-traditional sexual orientation. Based on the analysis, HIV-infected homosexuals, mostly men, are the main risk group for infection with this emergent orthopoxvirus. At the same time, people with primary and secondary immunodeficiency conditions remain particularly vulnerable. It is important that the atypical clinical course complicates timely clinical and laboratory diagnosis and even the initiation of treatment, which can lead to severe and fatal complications (in endemic regions among children and debilitated HIV-infected persons). It is advisable to take timely anti-epidemic measures with the implementation of specific prophylaxis for vulnerable categories of persons (listed above, as well as occupational risk groups), along with an increase in epidemic surveillance and strict infection control in compliance with International Health Regulations at checkpoints along the entire state border.

EXPLORING STUDENTS' PROFICIENCY THROUGH PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS IN MATH LOGIC COURSES USING PEER TEACHING FLIPPED CLASSROOM

Mathematical logic is a mandatory course offered in a range of educational settings. Mathematical logic is a kind of particular understanding. Students must understand the concept of mathematical logic before they can apply it to solve problems. On the other hand, students are divided into two major personality types: extroverts and introverts. Students' personality types influenced their study process. This study was carried out to examine the impact of students' personality types on their conceptual understanding abilities. Where questionnaires for personality examinations and tests for understanding concepts were employed as research instruments. According to research findings, in using the peer teaching flipped classroom model, students' conceptual understanding in math logic courses is strongly affected by personality category. The results of experiments such as peer teaching flipped classrooms exhibit that extrovert students have better conceptual understanding skills than introvert students. On the other hand, students who use the PTFC model are better than students who learn using the conventional models. Creating videos and organizing class discussions has a big impact on students who are outgoing. They can improve their skills while also sharing their knowledge and information with their classmates.