Categories Of Persons Research Articles

Внутрішньо переміщені особи як особливий об'єкт соціального захисту України

The article is devoted to the study of certain issues related to the social protection of internally displaced persons in Ukraine through the prism of security and economic aspects, which are the main ones for this category of persons. It is emphasized that the issues of migration processes throughout all the years of Ukraine's independence were quite acute for our state. The issue of the legal status of persons who returned to the state from the territories of the republics of the former Soviet space was replaced by the issue of refugees, deported peoples, illegal and labor migration, and since 2014, a new category of migrants has emerged – internally displaced persons. Terrible events: the annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the armed conflict in the East of the country, and in 2022 – a full-scale aggressive war by the Russian Federation, which continues to this day, caused the largest internal displacement of the population of Ukraine. All this became a good reason for the adoption of a number of legislative acts that created the basis for regulating their status and creating an appropriate mechanism for the realization and protection of the rights and freedoms of this category of persons. It has been established that today in our country an extremely terrible mass forced migration crisis continues, which in terms of its scale and consequences is considered to be almost the largest in terms of its nature and number of forced displacement of the population. The large-scale military aggression shown by the Russian Federation against Ukraine left a large number of residents of our country without homes, radically changed their security, economic and financial situation, as well as the state of their social security and well-being. Such vulnerability of IDPs requires the state to create and use a whole range of possible measures and means that will ensure the proper social integration of these persons in the new environment, among which the most important are the issues of: provision of housing, employment opportunities, realization of the right to medical care and education, psychological support, etc., as well as financial support, which is almost the most important element of providing social services.

Цивилизационная основа бытийственности институционального человека

Introduction. Atheistic literature insists that religious faith owes its origin to human ignorance. In its turn, this ‘ignorance’ of a person is closely connected with the ontological foundations of an institutional person determining the civilizational basis of his or her beingness. Theoretical analysis. Overcoming intellectual limitation the study of the ontological foundations of the formation of social being is now acquiring important scientific and socio-political significance in the development of social space. Considering the existence of a person through the category of an institutional person the philosophical concept of an institutional person involves diverse studies including both the analysis of the civilizational basis of the beingness of the social space and the living space of a person as mutually conditioned categories connected with historical tasks. Empirical analysis. Despite the perfect understanding of the laws of dialectics, the effect of the laws of the development of social being in the context of the tasks of history remains a poorly developed problem at the present time. Revealing the interdependence of the laws of self-organization and organization of being a new knowledge is born, and the civilizational basis of the beingness of an institutional person expands. Conclusion. The expanding possibilities of the civilization that has entered the space entail changes in the organization of social life. New meanings of an institutional person – a person of the universe system – are emerging.

Regarding the criminological study of suicidal behavior determinants among law enforcement bodies employees

The article carries out a criminological study of the determinants of suicidal behavior among police officers. The authors note that in recent years there has been a rapid increase in the number of suicides and suicide attempts, including ones among law enforcement officers. It was determined that criminology as a complex science allows to study suicide not only from a legal point of view, but also from the point of view of other sciences, such as sociology and psychology. There is still a debate among legal scholars whether to refer the problem of suicide to the problems of criminological research. According to scientists, the main reason for insufficient attention of criminologists is that suicide is not a criminal offense in most countries of the world.
 It is determined that suicide has become common among employees of internal affairs bodies aged 25 to 40. Given that law enforcement is a critical and extreme type of activity, suicides among law enforcement officers have specific determinants. Law enforcement officers are a category of persons who need special attention in view of the possibility of developing suicidal behavior, since the availability of weapons provides an opportunity to choose the most lethal methods of suicide. The authors agree with the opinion of the researchers that the greatest impact on a law enforcement officer is not so much household and family problems as the psychological burden associated with the service activity. In other words, socio-psychological maladjustment is the main determinant of suicidal behavior among law enforcement officers. Suicidal behavior is often associated with a psychological crisis that can occur under the influence of threats of various kinds. A person in such a crisis state decides that suicide is the only way to solve problems.
 It has been proven that suicidal behavior among law enforcement officers is caused by a number of determinants that individually and collectively have a negative impact on the policeman's personality, as a result of which his social and psychological well­being is destroyed, the protective functions of body and psyche are depleted, and mental disorders and mental illnesses may occur.

International legal regulation of the use of reprisals as a form of political responsibility of states

The article attempts to determine the principles of international legal regulation of the use of reprisals as a form of political responsibility in international law, since reprisals are illegal actions committed in response to previous illegal actions of the state, proportional to the initial offense. International law has changed the application of the doctrine of retaliation to avoid an upward spiral of violence where one side retaliates against the illegal actions of another, causing ever more violent bloodshed, while the laws of war are meant to regulate and limit such harm. Theoretical provisions regarding the international legal regulation of the use of reprisals as one of the forms of political responsibility according to international law are analyzed. In order for reprisals against permitted categories of persons and objects not to be illegal, five conditions must be met. Most of these conditions are laid down in military instructions and confirmed by official statements. The following conditions: the purpose of reprisal (can be used only in response to a previous serious violation of international law and only to induce the adversary to comply with the law); last resort (can only be used as a last resort when there are no other legal measures), proportionality (measures must be proportionate to the violation it aims to stop), decision at the highest level of government (the decision must be taken at the highest level of government), termination (must be terminated as soon as the adversary begins to enforce the law). The occurrence of reprisals in real cases is analyzed - Naulilaa Incident (When Portugal was neutral, in October 1914, a German group entered the Portuguese-African territories from German South­West Africa) and «Israel against Palestine» (After the Second World War the Jews wanted their own country. They were given a large part of Palestine, which they considered their traditional home, but the Arabs did not accept the new country. In 1948, both sides went to war); the use of reprisals in today's world is analyzed.

Personality disorder coverage, prevalence, and convergence: do the DSM-5's two models of personality disorder identify the same patients?

Research on the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) in DSM-5's Section-III has demonstrated acceptable interrater reliability, a largely consistent latent structure, substantial correlations with theoretically and clinically relevant measures, and evidence for incremental concurrent and predictive validity after controlling for DSM-5's Section II categorical personality disorders (PDs). However, the AMPD is not yet widely used clinically. One clinician concern may be caseness - that the new model will diagnose a different set of PD patients from that with which they are familiar. The primary aim of this study is to determine whether this concern is valid, by testing how well the two models converge in terms of prevalence and coverage. Participants were 305 psychiatric outpatients and 302 community residents not currently in mental-health treatment who scored above threshold on the Iowa Personality Disorder Screen (Langbehn et al., ). Participants were administered a semi-structured interview for DSM-5 PD, which was scored for both Section II and III PDs. Convergence across the two PD models was variable for specific PDs, Good when specific PDs were aggregated, and Very Good for 'any PD.' Results provide strong evidence that the AMPD yields the same overall prevalence of PD as the current model and, further, identifies largely the same overall population. It also addresses well-known problems of the current model, is more consistent with the ICD-11 PD model, and provides more complete, individualized characterizations of persons with PD, thereby offering multiple reasons for its implementation in clinical settings.

Совершение преступления в отношении инвалида должно быть обстоятельством, влияющим на размер наказания

One of the categories of persons requiring social protection from the state, including in criminal law, are disabled people. To date, an aggravating circumstance is provided, as well as a qualifying sign — the commission of a crime against a person who is in a helpless or defenseless state. In our opinion, this group of persons requires concretization by identifying disabled persons and persons with persistent disorder of bodily functions that leads to a violation of vital activity and who did not have time to register disability in accordance with the procedure established by law at the time of committing a crime against them. Such a specification will ensure the subsequent reform of criminal legislation in line with the guarantees of the rights of persons with disabilities, will reduce the level of latency of crime against this category of persons, as a result, will allow for more effective prevention measures.

Человек есть цифровая личность, или у человека есть цифровая личность?

The Internet is an important part of modern life; however, most virtual processes are beyond the scope of legal control. The state as a legislator regulates relations that originate in the real world. As a result, the law often fails to take into account the specifics of virtual environment. The poor legal regulation comes from the fact that the legislator cannot determine whether digital rights and freedoms are new categories or a continuation of the existing legal provisions. In this article, the author attempts to identify the correct approach by answering the obvious question: Is there a digital life and a separate digital personality, or is the digital space a continuation of the constitutional right to life exercised by a real-life legal subject? The research relied on standard methods of cognition and specific scientific methods, e.g., comparative and formal logical analyses. While analyzing the concept of the constitutional right to life, the author defines the categories of digital image and digital personality in order to develop a variant of legal regulation of digital rights and freedoms. The validity of digital personality depends on the approach the legislator chooses to regulate digital rights and freedoms. If the legislator sees digital rights and freedoms as a continuation of the rights and freedoms that exist in reality, a digital personality is impossible: it is a digital image of a real person in virtual space. If the legislator evaluates rights and freedoms as a new category, a digital personality is a valid concept, but only in the context of artificial intelligence.

The psychoanalytic setting: José Bleger’s encuadre

ABSTRACT José Bleger’s paper on the setting (encuadre) is integral to his 1967 book Symbiosis and Ambiguity. Relevant concepts from the book are summarised before examining his view of the setting as a “non-process” consisting of “constants”, complementing the “variables” of the analytic process. Process and setting are related as figure and ground in Gestalt psychology. The ideally maintained setting is studied as a thought experiment, uniting the categories of institution, personality, body schema, and body. Deposited in the setting, the psychotic part of the personality, or “agglutinated nucleus”, is a remnant of early symbiosis with the mother. Bleger distinguishes two settings: the analyst’s and the patient’s. The latter can only be analysed by strictly maintaining the former. Ritualisation of the setting denies temporal reality. De-symbiotisation is not always possible. A concept of “internal” setting is suggested, but Bleger nowhere mentions this and the concept is problematic, leaving open the question of how to listen to the silence of the setting. Bleger’s concept of encuadre can be applied to constants (invariants) in the wider world, the psychotic part of the personality being deposited in everything that is familiar and felt to be constant, including technology, which creates a “platform” for human activity.

The Impact of Personality Types on Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition of College Students: Based on MBTI Personality Categorization

In the field of second language teaching and learning, researchers have been focusing on the importance of affective analysis, particularly regarding learners' personality types. Recent studies have shown that personality type can have a significant impact on a student's ability to learn a new language. However, little research has been conducted on whether or not personality type has any correlation with the acquisition of second language vocabulary. To delve further into this topic, this study was conducted using questionnaire data from college students. Whether it belongs to any personality trait in the E/I dimension N/S dimension F/T dimension or the J/P dimension, this personality trait is strongly related to the effect of second language vocabulary acquisition. So, personality stereotypes in language learner ability assessment must be broken. Teachers’ personalized teaching capabilities should be improved. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of considering learners' personality types when designing second language teaching and learning strategies. By understanding how personality type affects language acquisition, teachers can better tailor their approach to meet the individual needs of each student.

Can personality disorder be accurately assessed in older age? A differential item functioning analysis of ICD-11 inventories.

The contested categorical personality disorder (PD) criteria are not well suited to inform PD diagnoses in older adults. Yet, the classification of PDs is undergoing a critical transition phase with a paradigm shift to a dimensional approach for diagnosing PDs. No special attention was given to the expression of PDs in older age when the dimensional ICD-11 model was developed. Given that PDs are highly prevalent in older adults, there is an urgent need to examine if ICD-11 related instruments are able to adequately assess for PDs in older adults. The age-neutrality of ICD-11 measures was examined in a sample of 208 Dutch community-dwelling adults (N=208, M age=54.96, SD=21.65), matched on sex into 104 younger (age range 18-64) and 104 older (age range 65-93) adults. An instrument is considered not to be age-neutral if a collective large level of differential item functioning (DIF) exists in a group of items of an instrument (i.e., 25% or more with DIF). We therefore set out to detect possible DIF in the following ICD-11 self-report measures: the Standardized Assessment of Severity of Personality Disorder (SASPD), the Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD), and the Borderline Pattern Scale (BPS). DIF analyses using a non-parametric odds ratio approach demonstrated that SASPD, PiCD, and BPS were age-neutral with less than 25% of items showing DIF. Yet, impact of DIF at scale level, examined by way of differential test functioning (DTF), indicated a DTF effect on the SASPD total score. These results of age-neutrality of the PiCD and BPS are promising for measuring ICD-11 traits and the borderline pattern. Yet, the age-neutral measurement of PD severity requires further research. With a rapidly aging population, its accurate assessment across the entire adult life span, including older age, is a prerequisite for an adequate detection of PDs.

Особенности применения мер обеспечения производства по делам об административных правонарушениях в отношении несовершеннолетних

This article discusses the issues of applying measures to juvenile offenders to ensure proceedings in cases of administrative offenses, such as delivery, administrative detention, examination for alcohol intoxication. The categories of persons under the age of eighteen and in need of individual preventive measures are highlighted. The author, in order to reduce the level of administrative offenses committed by adolescents, has proposed a number of preventive measures.

ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИИ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ВОЛГОГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

At the present stage, information technologies in healthcare allow medical institutions to use ample opportunities to automate processes for working with large amounts of data. Information and analytical support for healthcare management, management of the statistical reporting system in healthcare institutions helps optimize work. Medical information systems are used to carry out the function of controlling the costs of providing medical care, providing the necessary access to medical and statistical information of healthcare institutions for making management decisions by automating administrative and medical activities, personalized accounting of medical services provided to the population, providing cost analysis for the provision of medical services . The information provided on the page of the Internet resource "Volgograd Regional Medical Information and Analytical Center" is used to obtain current indicators on the activities of healthcare institutions, the state of public health and management of the statistical accounting and reporting system in medical organizations. The work analyzes data on the number of doctors and paramedics who prescribe medications to patients belonging to the categories of persons receiving preferential treatment for high-cost nosologies, as well as federal and regional preferential drug coverage. The analysis of data from an automated information system used to generate personalized information for healthcare institutions about potential recipients of social assistance showed an increase in the number of doctors and paramedics writing prescriptions to preferential categories of citizens for high-cost nosologies, in the federal and regional segments. It is shown that during the study period there was an increase in the number of medical specialists working with an automated information system.

РЕЗИЛЬЕНТНОСТЬ В МЕХАНИЗМЕ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ КРИМИНОГЕННОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ОСУЖДЕННЫХ С ПСИХИЧЕСКИМИ РАССТРОЙСТВАМИ, НЕ ИСКЛЮЧАЮЩИМИ ВМЕНЯЕМОСТИ

The article attempts to uncover the problem of taking into account the resilience (stability, viability, adaptability) of convicts with mental disorders that do not exclude sanity in the activities of correctional institutions. The analysis of statistical information from the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, scientific data, as well as the results of their own research, revealing the high prevalence of mental disorders of varying severity among those sentenced to imprisonment, as well as the criminogenic nature of the behavior of these persons, is presented. The need to take into account the resilience of the considered category of persons in the detail of correctional personnel performing medical, supervisory, operational, psychological, educational and other functions is emphasized. A set of signs is given indicating the key points of increasing the effectiveness of the prevention of criminogenic behavior and correcting this category of persons due to their resistance.

Миграционные вызовы и миграционные риски иностранных граждан и лиц без гражданства при назначении условно-досрочного освобождения

The authors in this article analyze the migration situation in the Russian Federation and state the existence of problems with foreign citizens and stateless persons in terms of the application of parole. After analyzing the judicial practice, the authors come to the conclusion that if a convicted foreign citizen does not have a permanent place of residence on the territory of the Russian Federation; as well as appropriate confirmation of the exercise of control by the state of nationality, the courts refuse to grant parole or to replace the unserved part of the sentence with a milder form of punishment. It is proposed in order to replenish the labor force, the shortage of which is currently acutely felt in the country, to use this category of persons individually for referral to correctional centers that have concluded agreements with employers.

The autonomous word as a component of a compound predicate in European languages

The article is devoted to a typology of the compound predicate in a number of European languages (English, German, French, Spanish, Russian, Polish, Turkish and Bashkir), which goes a long way to building a theory of language in general and a theory of the sentence in particular. The method of our analysis is based on contrasting inductively selected verbal structures of some natural languages with a language etalon. The aim is to establish factors determining the positional and syntactic autonomy of the word. Positional autonomy is related to the word’s ability to change position in a sentence according to a certain degree of word order freedom, while syntactic autonomy suggests the ability of a word to function as an isolated one-word sentence. An ideal model characterized by absolute positional and syntactic word autonomy stands for the mentioned language etalon. It is assumed hypothetically that languages with a maximum possible free word order enjoy a marked word autonomy, unlike languages with a fixed word order being suggestive of reduced word autonomy. The hypothesis is verified on the basis of optional sampling of various types of the predicate in three temporal forms of the verb representing the category of person. The research ascertains dependence of word autonomy on agreement of grammatical form and meaning. The index of agreement determined as a ratio between the signifier and the signified in the paradigm of the verb conjugation enables to reveal the autonomy degree for each language of contrast. According to the decrement of autonomy the contrasted languages can be disposed in the following order: (Polish, Turkish, Bashkir) → (Russian) → (Italian) → (German) → (French) → (English).

О некоторых вопросах правового статуса научных работников в Российской Федерации: сквозь призму учений профессора В.М. Манохина

Тhe study of the works of Professor Vasily Mikhailovich Manokhin made it possible to identify a number of theses that are still relevant today in the issue of regulating the legal status of scientists in the Russian Federation. Considering this category of persons through the prism of civil service legislation, current problems are identified and an author’s solution is proposed.

РОЛЬ УЧАСТКОВЫХ УПОЛНОМОЧЕННЫХ ПОЛИЦИИ В ПРИМЕНЕНИИ ПОСТПЕНИТЕНЦИАРНОЙ ПРОБАЦИИ В ОТНОШЕНИИ ЛИЦ, ОСВОБОДИВШИХСЯ ИЗ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ УГОЛОВНО-ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

In the work, based on the main elements of the purpose of the institute of probation, the authors analyze the concept of "social behavior", on the basis of which the conclusion is substantiated that the district police commissioner has no obligation to conduct educational and correctional work with persons in respect of whom probation is applied. Based on the analysis of federal legislation, the authors argue that the competence of the district commissioner does not include assistance in the resocialization, social adaptation and social rehabilitation of this category of persons. Taking into account that one of the tasks of the precinct police commissioners is the prevention of crimes and administrative offenses, the provision on the admissibility of the actions of the precinct commissioners with persons in respect of whom probation is applied, within the framework of general prevention, is put up for discussion

Dealing with Lived Crisis Experience During Self-Experience: A Standardized Survey in Psychiatric Hospitals in Berlin and Brandenburg

The current study follows the question if psychotherapists with lived experiences of crisis and treatment address these experiences during their processes of self-experience. Further, the conceptual differentiation between self-experience and psychotherapy of this group of staff is explored. 108 professionals with psychotherapeutic qualification were surveyed on their training self-experience. Relationships between processing of crisis experiences, crises frequency, and experienced benefit were analyzed using correlation analyses. Conceptual differences between self-experience and psychotherapy were gauged via nine content categories whose importance for self-experience and psychotherapy were rated by the participants. The means of these ratings were compared via t-test. Most participants reported that they had used their self-experience to process lived crisis experiences, and that they benefited from their self-experience, with processing and benefit being correlated significantly and positively. Conceptual differentiation of the two formats appeared to be complex. Participants ascribed biographical and personal categories rather to psychotherapy, and professional categories to self-experience. Given the prevalence of stigmatization towards individuals with mental health problems, it was surprising that most of the participants were able to address and process their lived experiences during their self-experience. It was surprising too that personal factors were ascribed to psychotherapy rather than self-experience, as the major importance of the therapeutic relationship and, by extension, personality development is well-known. Training self-experience should be a stigma-free setting, where future therapists are able to address their biographical burdens freely and thereby develop their personalities.

Comparison of convolutional neural network models for user’s facial recognition

This paper compares well-known convolutional neural networks (CNN) models for facial recognition. For this, it uses its database created from two registered users and an additional category of unknown persons. Eight different base models of convolutional architectures were compared by transfer of learning, and two additional proposed models called shallow CNN and shallow directed acyclic graph with CNN (DAG-CNN), which are architectures with little depth (six convolution layers). Within the tests with the database, the best results were obtained by the GoogLeNet and ResNet-101 models, managing to classify 100% of the images, even without confusing people outside the two users. However, in an additional real-time test, in which one of the users had his style changed, the models that showed the greatest robustness in this situation were the Inception and the ResNet-101, being able to maintain constant recognition. This demonstrated that the networks of greater depth manage to learn more detailed features of the users' faces, unlike those of shallower ones; their learning of features is more generalized. Declare the full term of an abbreviation/acronym when it is mentioned for the first time.

Nature as a sentient being: Can rivers be legal persons?

AbstractThe concept of ‘legal personhood and rights of rivers’ has developed as an alternative to anthropocentric legal frameworks that focus only on the instrumental values of rivers. Obtaining legal personhood marks a key milestone in legal recognition that could provide for the protection of rivers for more than the instrumental values that they hold. However, who could be considered legal persons is the subject of widespread debate in Western jurisprudence. Legalists hold that anything and anyone can be a legal person while Realists believe that a legal person is defined by certain attributes held only by certain categories of persons. One of the main arguments against the personhood of rivers raised by Realists is that rivers are not sentient beings and, consequently, they are incapable of holding the status of a legal person. The idea that nature is not a sentient being is mainly a Western construct. This research analyses the theory of legal personhood to determine whether rivers can and should be legal persons. It challenges the Realist claim that rivers cannot be legal persons because they lack sentience, drawing on Indigenous Vedda ontologies in Sri Lanka and Aboriginal worldviews from the continent now called Australia. The authors argue that a pluralistic approach to legal personhood is crucial in recognising and valuing our hyperconnected world, preventing categorisation, homogenisation and colonisation of ontologies and addressing sustainability challenges surrounding rivers. The research contributes to the existing scholarly work by defending the concept of legal personhood for rivers within a more pluralistic legal philosophy and addressing one of its major criticisms.