Prey Categories Research Articles

Diet of the Common Eagle Ray, Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Northern Adriatic Sea

We studied the feeding habits of the common eagle ray (Myliobatis aquila) in the shallow northern Adriatic Sea. Altogether we analysed the contents of 122 stomachs of specimens caught as by-catch in the Gulf of Trieste and along the west Istrian coast. Shelled molluscs (N% = 75.17), mainly bivalves and gastropods, were the most prominent prey categories, while crustaceans, sipunculids, echinoderms and polychaets (N% < 10) represented considerably smaller numbers. With increasing size (and age) the eagle rays tend to become more experienced in preying molluscs and specialized to this prey category. The obtained results are in general in agreement with the limited existing reports on the diet of the common eagle ray in the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent areas.

Diet of Critically Endangered Black‐Eyed Bent‐Toed Gecko, Cyrtodactylus nigriocularis, Nguyen, Orlov & Darevsky, 2006 From Vietnam

ABSTRACTThe Black‐eyed Bent‐toed Gecko, Cyrtodactylus nigriocularis, a species endemic to Ba Den Mountain Cultural and Historical Complex, Tay Ninh Province, Vietnam, has been classified as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List since 2018. However, knowledge of its natural history is virtually non‐existent. To fill this gap, the diet of the gecko was studied by stomach flushing. We identified a total of 22 prey categories with 407 items in the stomachs of C. nigriocularis. The most important (IRI) groups among its prey were Araneae (24.33%), followed by Opiliones (16.59%), Achatinidae (10.67%), Blattidae (8.77%), Scolopendridae (7.59%), and Acrididae (4.20%), similar to food items consumed by tropical geckos as reported in previous studies. There was no relationship between body mass and mouth width of the species and length/volume of prey consumed, but there were significant differences in the diet composition between sexes and between age groups. Despite the discrepancies, spiders are important prey of all groups. In addition to furthering our knowledge of this poorly studied lizard, the research results can help design ex situ conservation measures for the species in case the wild population continues to decline as a result of local anthropogenic threats.

Contemporary eDNA methods complement conventional microscopy in zooplankton diet studies: Case study with American lobster postlarvae

The diets of pelagic marine larvae are difficult to analyze due to their small size and even smaller prey. Furthermore, different methods may lead to alternative interpretations of trophic interactions. Conventionally, diet studies have relied primarily on visual identification of prey through dissection and microscopy. While microscopy has clear benefits, it can yield an incomplete assessment of diet since smaller and soft-bodied prey items are often difficult to identify. Here, we combined conventional microscopy and two contemporary environmental DNA (eDNA) methods: DNA metabarcode sequencing (metabarcoding) and real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (rtPCR), comparing their advantages/disadvantages in a diet analysis of planktonic American lobster (Homarus americanus) postlarvae. This is the first application of these molecular techniques on the postlarval lobster diet. We also describe the testing and development of a novel blocking primer designed to inhibit the amplification of lobster DNA, enhancing prey amplification. This approach allowed finer-scale identification of a greater variety of prey than microscopy. The targeted rtPCR approach identified a specific prey taxon with high fidelity – but involves a priori decisions regarding the choice of target. Here, an rtPCR assay was developed to target Calanus finmarchicus, an abundant copepod species in the Gulf of Maine, suspected to be an important prey item of larval lobsters. Microscopy revealed broad prey categories and the importance of arthropod prey in the postlarval diet. Metabarcoding confirmed the importance of arthropod prey, while filling in the gaps with additional prey species. Finally, rtPCR was able to detect a significant level of predation on Calanus finmarchicus that neither of the other two approaches identified. The combination of methods provided a richer understanding of diet than any single method alone and future diet studies of a wide range of consumers would benefit from the application of a mixture of microscopy and molecular-based methodologies.

Trophic ecology of a Pantanal treefrog assemblage during a severe drought

ABSTRACT We investigated herein the diet of an assembly of anurans, specifically tree frogs belonging to the species Scinax acuminatus, Boana raniceps, and Trachycephalus typhonius, under extremely adverse conditions in the Pantanal, a region of great ecological importance that experiences cycles of flooding and drought. Recently, the region suffered an extreme and unusual drought, drastically reducing the availability of wet habitats. Data collection occurred in the Passo do Lontra region, Southern Pantanal, in November 2021. Anuran sampling was conducted through nocturnal searches, and collected specimens were subsequently subjected to stomach content analysis through animal dissection. Additionally, pitfall traps were used to estimate the relative abundance of anuran prey in the environment. Results revealed that the diet composition of the three tree frog species was similar, but bigger species consumed more prey volume than smaller species. The hylids exhibited dietary generalism, the prey categories most consumed by S. acuminatus was Orthoptera and Hemiptera, while B. raniceps and T. typhonius mostly consumed Coleoptera and Formicidae. Also, the electivity index shows that S. acuminatus and B. raniceps selected Coleoptera and Hemiptera, while T. typhonius selected Coleoptera and Araneae. Our study suggests that extreme climatic events, such as severe droughts, can alter the ecological processes of this group of hylids.

Diet Composition of Twaite Shad, Alosa fallax (Lacépède, 1803), During the Spawning Migration to the Curonian Lagoon (Lithuania)

The nutritional needs of anadromous fish species must be met for successful annual spawning migration and reproduction. Despite its widespread distribution throughout Europe, little is known about the composition of the twaite shad, Alosa fallax, diet in freshwater ecosystems. To redress this, we studied the composition of stomach contents extracted from 287 A. fallax sampled during their spawning migration from the Baltic Sea to the Curonian Lagoon (Lithuania). We found that the diet comprised 32 types of prey, with Insecta (unknown Order), Chironomidae and Daphniidae being the most prevalent taxonomic categories consumed. Our analyses revealed significant differences in the abundance of prey categories (Chironomidae, Insecta—unknown order, and Mysidae) among several size groups of A. fallax, associated with stage of maturity inferred from body length. Despite this being a spawning aggregation, juveniles were also present among the A. fallax we collected. The results imply that feeding behavior and morphometry may be responsible for the differences observed, and further investigation of this topic is warranted.

Spring Food Spectrum of Two Planktivores (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum 1792 and Sardinella aurita Valenciennes 1847) From the Central Algerian Coast (3° E to 4° E—South West Mediterranean Sea) in Relation to Sexes and Sizes

ABSTRACTSardina pilchardus, Walbaum 1792, and Sardinella aurita, Valenciennes 1847, are the fish most consumed by the Algerian population. Sardine has become increasingly rare in commercial fishing catches, whereas round sardinella is being sold at excessively high prices. Given the importance of trophic interactions between clupeids and the low levels of the pelagic food web (plankton and others), the stomach contents of the two species of S. pilchardus and S. aurita are studied. Samples are collected from the spring commercial fishery (April and May 2023) associated with the two main ports on the central coast (Algiers and Bou Ismail) justified by the intense trophic activity of these two predators. High feeding intensity (or stomach vacuity coefficient) is recorded in both males and females. Our results support the hypothesis that the diet of species in specific zones remains consistent due to stable local trophic resources. This is underscored by the lack of variation in prey quality and quantity across size and sex in both clupeid species, emphasizing the role of these interactions within the pelagic food web. Using the morphological identification and counting technique, the preys are linked to 12 taxonomic units belonging to the zooplankton, phytoplankton, and miscellaneous communities. The analysis of the diet is carried out by classifying the prey on the basis of the frequency index (If), taking into account the sex and the size where three categories of prey are defined. Copepods are the preferred prey with rates that did not differ significantly by sex and place of origin of the two clupeids. These findings extended to secondary prey (other zooplankton and phytoplankton). Also, the composition of the diet remained homogeneous in the Gulfs of Algiers and Bou Ismail. Quantitative and qualitative results on diet composition of the two clupeids and their trophic interactions within the two target ecosystems will serve as a basis for fisheries management (i.e., Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management [EAFM] and Ecosystem‐Based Fisheries Management [EBFM]). The modeling of all the variables will allow decision makers to predict the level of exploitable biomass in the medium and long term.

New record and diet of the endangered Mau Son Spiny Frog (Quasipaaacanthophora Dubois and Ohler, 2009) in Vietnam.

The Mau Son Spiny Frog Quasipaaacanthophora was originally described from Mau Son Mountain, Lang Son Province in 2009 and subsequently recorded in Bac Giang and Quang Ninh Provinces of Vietnam. The species was listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List 2017 and as Endangered in the Vietnam Red Data Book 2024. However, knowledge about diet ecology of the species is virtually lacking. Based on recent fieldwork in northern Vietnam, we herein report a new population of Quasipaaacanthophora from Dong Son-Ky Thuong Nature Reserve in Quang Ninh Province. In addition, we provide data on the diet of Q.acanthophora, based on stomach content analyses of 38 individuals (10 males, 17 females, 11 subadults). A total of 27 prey categories containing 446 items were found in the stomachs of Q.acanthophora. The dominant prey items of the species were Blattodea, Coleoptera (Other Coleoptera), Orthoptera (Gryllidae), Decapoda and Hymenoptera (Formicidae). The most important (IRI) groups amongst the prey of Q.acanthophora were Blattidae (32.67%), followed by Gryllidae (9.11%), other Coleoptera (6.57%), Decapoda (5.72%) and Formicidae (5.61%).

Diet of Hepsetus akawo from the Tanoé-Ehy Marsh Forest TEMF (Côte d’Ivoire)

The diet of Hepsetus akawo (Bolch, 1794) was studied in the 12,000 hectare large Tanoe –Ehy (TEMF) Côte d’Ivoire marsh forest. This study was carried out between October 2018 and September 2019, on a sample of 292 digestives tracts of Hepsetus akawo. The sizes of fish whose digestive tracts have been examined vary between 110 and 320 mm of standard length. These fish were caught each month using gillnets, nerve nets, hawks and hooks. Of these 292 tubes, 187 stomachs contained prey and 105 were empty, which corresponds to an emptiness coefficient of 35.96%. The general diet of H. akawo is composed of 9 items grouped into 5 categories of prey: Cyprinidae, Clupeidae, Cichlidae, Macrophytes, plants, and remains of insects. H. akawo feeds mainly on Cyprinidae which constitute the major part of its diet compared to small fish of the Cichlidae family including Hemichromis bimaculatus and Clupeidae including Pellonula leonensis.

Trophic ecology of the poorly known hylid frog Scarthyla goinorum (Bokermann 1962) from a seasonally flooded area in Amapá state, Brazil

ABSTRACT Our study fills a gap in knowledge about the trophic ecology of the genus Scarthyla. Here we evaluated the dietary composition, trophic niche, and feeding strategy of S. goinorum from the Eastern Amazon. We obtained diet data by flushing the stomachs of 83 males and 26 females. Diptera was the most important prey category for females (40.3%) and males (39.8%). We found no differences in the mean number of prey (p = 0.16) and the mean volume of prey (p = 0.96) consumed by males and females. The trophic niche breadth (B) values, based on prey volume, were B = 0.17 for males and B = 0.24 for females; for numeric proportion, these values were B = 0.67 for males and B = 0.51 for females, indicating a more generalist than specialist diet. Niche overlaps (O jk ) were 0.95 for prey abundance and 0.94 for prey volume. The Costello’s graph indicates that Diptera and Coleoptera were dominant in the diet of S. goinorum. Scarthyla goinorum is a poorly known species from the Amazon, and we hope that our study will help future research into the ecology of this species.

Re-description and dietary ecology of the Hylaranaannamitica (Sheridan & Stuart, 2018) (Amphibia: Ranidae) from central Vietnam.

The Annam Stream Frog Hylaranaannamitica was recently discovered from north and central Vietnam and Laos by Sheridan and Stuart (2018). Knowledge of its natural history is virtually lacking. In this study, we provide an extended morphological description of Hylaranaannamitica, based on newly-collected specimens from Vu Quang National Park, Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam. In addition, we present data on the diet of Hylaranaannamitica, based on stomach content analyses of 46 individuals (32 males and 14 females) and compare prey selection between sexes. We found a total of 37 prey categories with 339 items, comprising 327 items of invertebrates, two items of vertebrates and 10 unidentified in the stomachs of H.annamitica. The most important (IRI) groups amongst the prey of H.annamitica were Coleoptera (17.19%), followed by Mantodea (14.78%), Orthoptera (11.26%), Lepidoptera (11.13%), Araneae (10.0%) and Blattodea (9.87%). There was an overlap of 45.63% in the diet between males and females and, in both sexes, the trophic spectrum was similar, predominantly consisting of Araneae, Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Lepidoptera, Mantodea and Orthoptera.

NATURAL HISTORY OF <i>Dendropsophus tapacurensis</i> (Hylidae) IN RAINFOREST ENCLAVES OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

Understanding aspects related to the natural history of species is crucial for plans aimed at their preservation and conservation. In this manuscript, we present data on the diet composition, microhabitat use, geographic distribution, and vocalization of Dendropsophus tapacurensis, a recently described tree frog endemic to the Atlantic Forest and some rainforest enclaves in Northeastern Brazil. This study was carried out in two mountains in the state of Ceará, northeast of Brazil. We collected 49 individuals (43 males and six females) of D. tapacurensis, of whom 27 had food items in their stomachs. Although mosquitoes and beetles were the most abundant prey categories, this species appears to have a generalist diet. Like most species of the D. decipiens group, this tree frog is associated with lentic water ponds and generally forages on submerged herbaceous plants. The acoustic parameters recorded at the announcement song agree with the original description of the species, except for the variation in the duration of the last pulse. Future studies are required to evaluate possible inter-population variations in the announcement song of D. tapacurensis. This study contributes to understanding the natural history of mountain tree frogs in the Caatinga biome.

Diet and trophic structure of fishes in the Barents Sea: between empty and full stomachs – large individual variability follows a common pattern

More than 27,000 stomachs from 70 species of fish were collected from the Barents Sea in 2015. Quantitative stomach content expressed relative to the body weight of the predator fish (g g−1 as %) varied by four to five orders of magnitude for six species with the largest sample size (Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus, Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, long rough dab Hippoglossoides platessoides, polar cod Boreogadus saida, and Atlantic capelin Mallotus villosus). The quantitative stomach contents of individual fish followed a common and strict statistical relationship for predator species or groups of species (by families), and for prey categories across predator species. The common pattern was log‐normal‐like and was modelled with good fit by different types of right‐skewed distributions, that is, variants of the Box–Cox, generalized inverse Gaussian, inverse gamma, or gamma distributions. The long tail in the high end reflects high variation with no clear sign of a plateau, as could be expected from the concept of a “full stomach”. This is interpreted to reflect that high stomach contents are rare events that are sampled at low frequencies. The maximum recorded stomach content varied from 1% to 34% of body weight for 55 species of fish, being positively correlated (R2 = 0.45) with sample size. About a third of the stomachs were empty, and the low tail of the log‐normal‐like distribution represents the transition to empty stomachs. The amount of food in the stomachs was overall low compared to maximum values, with mean and median of 2.0% and 1.1%, respectively, for the 17,873 stomachs containing food. Supported by bioenergetic considerations, this suggests relatively low feeding rates of the various fish predators but sufficient to meet their energy demands.

Prey availability in a forest fragment in Eastern Amazon: how is it related to the diet of anurans Leptodactylus fuscus and Physalaemus ephippifer?

Many studies focus on the diet of anurans and how species consume available food resources. However, few link these data with the resources available in the environment. This gap in information may lead to a partial understanding of the feeding strategies of this group. We evaluate the availability of food resources and analyze how two sympatric anurans, Physalaemus ephippifer and Leptodactylus fuscus, utilize available prey. The research was conducted on the edge of a forest fragment in northeastern Pará state, Brazil, over three years during the rainy season. Specimens of both species were collected, and their diets were evaluated by the frequency of occurrence (FOi) and the feeding importance (VFIi) of each prey category. We also analyzed the relationship between prey availability and the diet of each anuran species. We identified 20 prey categories in the stomachs of P. ephippifer, with Formicidae being the most frequent and important over the three years. In L. fuscus, 19 prey categories were found, with Orthoptera, Formicidae, and Coleoptera being the most significant. We recorded 24 invertebrate categories in the study area, with Collembola, Coleoptera, and Formicidae being the most abundant. Both anurans shared many prey categories but showed distinct preferences in their diet, indicating selective foraging behavior.

Stomach content analysis of Euthynnus affinis, Auxis thazard and Auxis rochei of the coastal waters of Sri Lanka by DNA barcoding.

Analysis of the content of the gut of fish helps in the understanding of their inter- and intra-specific interactions, fish behaviour, condition and energy intake. The stomach contents of the commercially important neritic tuna species of Sri Lanka, kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis), frigate tuna (Auxis thazard) and bullet tuna (Auxis rochei) were analysed to determine their feeding habits and to identify prey species. The weighed stomachs of fish were dissected to reveal the types of prey found within. The prey was categorised into prey categories and each prey species was identified morphologically. Prey items which were partially digested were identified using DNA barcoding. The main prey category was small fish, followed by crustaceans and cephalopods. While the highest occurring prey category for E. affinis and A. rochei was fish, crustaceans dominated the A. thazard diet. DNA barcoding identified 11 prey items that were partially digested, which could not be identified to species-level morphologically. Of the prey items identified by DNA barcoding, four species of fish, three species of cephalopod and four species of crustaceans were identified. These prey item identifications confirmed that E. affinis, A. thazard and A. rochei are all nonspecific feeders. This exhibits the value of molecular tools in the identification of species which have lost their distinguishable features due to digestion. Further, it illustrates the predator-prey relationships between these species, aiding in the management of prey and predator populations, ensuring that both populations remain stable, helping in the maintenance of the balance of the ecosystem.

Dietary ecology of the toad Rhinella lescurei (Anura, Bufonidae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest

ABSTRACT Our study describes for the first time the trophic ecology of Rhinella lescurei from the eastern Brazilian Amazonia. The stomach contents of the individuals were obtained through the flushing method during the rainy season. A total of 130 stomachs were flushed, of which 75 (57.70%) had stomach contents, with a total of 881 food items distributed among 10 prey categories, with 22 ant genera. Formicidae was the most important prey category. Rhinella lescurei demonstrated a narrow niche breadth, suggesting a more specialist behavior, as observed in the feeding strategy analysis. We found Coleoptera, Araneae and Formicidae as the most abundant prey in the diet shared among the sexes, which showed more than one association in network analysis, and the Crematogaster as the most abundant ants on the diet of males and juveniles, and Sericomyrmex for females. We observed a positive effect of the snout-vent length on the total volume of prey consumed. The Body Condition Index indicated that both smaller and larger individuals have the same nutritional status. Our study adds new data on the natural history of a species still poorly known from the Amazon region.

Diet composition of Elachistocleis helianneae (Anura: Microhylidae) and its (dis)similarities with other Microhylidae from South America

ABSTRACT Knowledge on the trophic ecology of many microhylids is still incipient. Here, we investigated the diet composition of Elachistocleis helianneae in an urban forest in the Brazilian eastern Amazon and compared it with other Microhylidae species from South America. Specimens were collected during the rainy season. In total, 63 stomachs were examined, and 38 stomachs (60.3%) contained identifiable items. We identified eight taxonomic categories for males and females. The estimated prey richness indicated that the sampled stomachs were representative. The most important prey category for both males and females was the ant genus Solenopsis, based on the Importance Value Index. The analysis of prey-specific abundance indicated that Solenopsis was dominant, with more than half of the individuals consuming it. The diet of E. helianneae was more similar to that of E. pearsei from Colombia, and both species grouped with other microhylids from the Amazon biome, such as Chiasmocleis hudsoni and C. shudikarensis. The study provides insights into the trophic ecology of Elachistocleis helianneae, highlighting its preference for consuming ants.

From sand to rocks: divergent diets in two populations of Pleurodema diplolister (Anura Leptodactylidae) in the semi-arid region of Bahia, Brazil

In the present study, we describe and compare the diet of two populations of Pleurodema diplolister from northeastern Brazil. We assessed whether diet composition varies between the different populations and whether the size of individuals is related to the composition, volume and the size of prey consumed. Stomach contents were retrieved through the stomach-flushing technique from specimens collected in two municipalities (Morro do Chapéu and Rio de Contas) in the semi-arid region of Bahia State. We captured a total of 163 individuals and 91 of them had some type of stomach contents. A total of 278 food items were classified and distributed among 10 prey categories. The main food items consumed include Hymenoptera (Formicidae), Isoptera and Coleoptera. The morphometric measurements (snout-vent length and mouth width) of P. diplolister were significantly correlated with the diet (total volume of prey and length of the largest prey ingested). Diet composition differed between the two localities, showing little overlap between populations. Part of the variation in diet composition may be attributed to differences in the size of P. diplolister individuals. However, many factors can be associated to these differences, such as prey availability, landscape structure or even anthropic influences on the local ecosystem. In order to unravel the intricacies behind these distinct patterns, a comprehensive examination of these factors and others becomes imperative. This detailed analysis is crucial for a more thorough understanding of the extent to which these elements influence the feeding habits of anurans.

New record and dietary ecology of a poorly-known treefrog, Zhangixaluspachyproctus Yu, Hui, Hou, Wu, Rao & Yang, 2019 (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in Vietnam.

The White-lipped Treefrog Zhangixaluspachyproctus Yu, Hui, Hou, Wu, Rao & Yang, 2019 was previously confused with Zhangixalussmaragdinus (Blyth, 1852). Records of Zhangixalussmaragdinus from Yunnan (China), Vietnam and Thailand were recognised as a misidentification and this taxon was subsequently described as a new species, based on morphological and molecular evidence. This species is currently known from southern China, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam. However, knowledge about its natural history and feeding ecology is virtually lacking. We herein report a newly-discovered population of Zhangixaluspachyproctus from Lang Son Province, northern Vietnam. In addition, we provide novel data about the diet of Z.pachyproctus, based on stomach content analyses of 38 individuals (37 males and one female). A total of 26 prey categories with 681 items were found in the stomachs of Z.pachyproctus. The dominant prey items of the species were Orthoptera (Acrididae, Tettigoniidae), Coleoptera (Languriida, Leiodidae, larvae, other Coleoptera), Mantodea (Mantidae) and Blattodea (Blaberidae, Blattidae, other Blattodea). Coleoptera (Coccinellidae, Cupedidae, Elateridae, Languriidae Leiodidae, Tenebrionidae, larvae and other Coleoptera) was the category with the highest frequency of prey items, found in 24 stomachs. The most important (IRI) groups amongst the prey of Z.pachyproctus were Coleoptera (24.52%) and followed by Orthoptera (24.43%), Blattodea (9.12%), Mantidae (8.14%) and Hemiptera (4.05%).

Autumn diet of Little Owls (Athene noctua) in southern Tunisia

Abstract The Little Owl (Athene noctua) is a widespread nocturnal raptor whose diet has extensively been studied. In the Mediterranean, a tendency towards increased ingestion of insects has been highlighted, but this tendency still needs more empirical validation. Here, we provide data on the autumn diet of Little Owls in an arid area in southern Tunisia. We analyzed 621 pellets from 30 different territories and identified 4,267 prey items, with insects being by far the most ingested prey. However, based on biomass, the diet was more evenly distributed across the identified prey categories. Vertebrates accounted for 63% of the biomass ingested, while the remaining part of prey composition was almost equally shared between insects and arachnids. The importance of arachnids looks like a characteristic dietary trait of Little Owls in south Mediterranean deserts, where arachnids represent a main component of the community of potential prey. In summary, our findings highlight the great food opportunism of the Little Owl due to its capability of adapting its diet to the availability of potential prey.

Southernmost record and diet of Leptobrachella eos (Ohler, Woollen, Grosjean, Hendrix, Vences, Ziegler & Dubois, 2011) in Vietnam

Abstract The Rosy Litter Frog (Leptobrachella eos) is known from Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. Knowledge about the natural history of this species is virtually lacking. As a result of our field work in Son La, Nghe An, and Ha Tinh provinces of Vietnam, we provide data on the food composition of L. eos for the first time. Using the stomach-flushing method, we analyzed stomach contents of 34 individuals (23 males and 11 females) from a total of 42 frogs, with stomachs of five males and three females (19%) being empty. A total of 13 prey categories were observed in the stomachs of L. eos, with 232 items, comprising 230 items of invertebrates and two unidentified items. The most important (IRI) groups among the prey of L. eos were Blattodea (26.31%), Araneae (17.26%), Orthoptera (13.21%), Coleoptera (12.39%), and Opiliones (10.09%). There was an overlap of 51.11 % in the diet between males and females, The trophic spectrum of males comprising 11 prey categories revealed to be wider than that of females comprising nine prey categories. Despite differences in diets between the sexes, Blattodea, Orthoptera, Araneae, Coleoptera, and Opiliones represented the most important prey category for all of them. In addition, we also report a new find of Leptobrachella eos, with a new subpopulation from Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam.