Catalytic Hydrogenation Reactor Research Articles

Catalytic hydrogenation of agricultural residues to green diesel: Process optimization with FeMo/Al2O3 catalyst

ABSTRACT Limitations of converting agricultural residues into green diesel include high production costs, particularly for catalysts and hydrogen, and technical viability. Safety risks also arise from high-pressure hydrogenation, requiring precautions and specialized equipment. This research evaluates green diesel from agricultural residues via hydrogenation with FeMo/Al2O3 under optimized conditions. Utilizing FeMo/Al2O3 heterogeneous catalysts, the process demonstrates high precision and efficiency. The catalytic hydrogenation reactors, specifically designed for converting cellulosic biomass into green diesel, ensure both effectiveness and safety, particularly when managing the high pressures and temperatures required. Notably, the highest yield occurs at a specific temperature, with returns decreasing when operating beyond this optimal temperature range. Outcomes derived from experimentation and MATLAB data analysis, exploring catalyst efficiency, green diesel production, catalyst stability, reusability, techno-economic assessment, cost and environmental impact assessment, and life cycle analysis. Petroleum diesel has the highest emissions at 0.88 kg CO2/MJ, followed by biodiesel at 0.8 kg CO2/MJ, and green diesel with the lowest emissions at 0.1 kg CO2/MJ. This indicates that green diesel emits the least amount of greenhouse gases, with petroleum diesel emitting nearly nine times more than green diesel. .

Simulation-assisted design of a catalytic hydrogenation reactor for plastic pyrolysis fuels

Simulation-assisted design of a catalytic hydrogenation reactor for plastic pyrolysis fuels

Synthetic natural gas production from the three stage (i) pyrolysis (ii) catalytic steam reforming (iii) catalytic hydrogenation of waste biomass

Synthetic natural gas production from the three stage (i) pyrolysis (ii) catalytic steam reforming (iii) catalytic hydrogenation of waste biomass

Green diesel production from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) using catalytic hydrogenation method

Green diesel is an alternative solution for solving problems using biomass energy as a fuel source. The advantages of this second-generation green diesel or biodiesel (Gen-2nd) are capable of reaching cetane numbers 70-90, far higher than the Gen-1st biodiesel performance of cetane numbers 50-65, respectively. The production process is through hydrogenation reactions with hydrogen injection of 4-9 MPa, the use of heterogeneous NiMo/Al2O3 catalysts, and takes place in temperatures of 280 - 380°C. The need to design this catalytic hydrogenation reactor to convert crude palm oil (CPO) into green diesel fuel is good and safe when operating at high pressures and temperatures. The optimum operation was obtained by varying the amount of CPO oil raw material and NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst used in producing the best percent yield and green diesel characterization. At a temperature of 315°C, the highest yield was 68.2%, where the number of products began to decline above these temperature conditions. The green diesel specifications obtained have met diesel oil standards (Directorate General of Oil and Gas, 2016) by testing density, kinematic viscosity, water content, flash point, calorific value, and cetane numbers.

Methane Production from the Pyrolysis–Catalytic Hydrogenation of Waste Biomass: Influence of Process Conditions and Catalyst Type

The production of methane through the optimization of various operating parameters and the use of different catalysts has been investigated using a two-stage, pyrolysis–catalytic hydrogenation reactor. Pyrolysis of the biomass in the first stage produces a suite of gases, including CO2 and CO, which undergo catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of added H2 in the second stage. The influence of the biomass pyrolysis temperature, catalyst temperature, and H2 gas space velocity has been investigated for the optimization and enhancement of the methane yield. In addition, different metal catalysts (Co/Al2O3, Mo/Al2O3, Ni/Al2O3, Fe/Al2O3), the influence of different metal loadings, catalyst calcination temperature, and different support materials (Al2O3, SiO2, and MCM-41) were investigated. The yield of methane was linked to the properties of the catalysts including the preparation calcination temperature and support material which influenced the catalyst surface area and metal crystallite particle size by sintering. The highest methane yield of 7.4 mmol g–1biomass was obtained at a final pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C, catalyst temperature of 500 °C, and H2 gas hourly space velocity of 3600 mL h–1 g–1catayst. This optimization process resulted in 75.5 vol % of methane in the output gaseous mixture.

Removal of sulfur from sulfur-bearing natural gas to produce clean jet fuel

ABSTRACTDespite the low percentage of trace level sulfur in natural gas (NG), its use as a jet fuel for reduction from the ultra level is very important. Clean and efficient NG as a fuel has major advantages and importance. If the sulfur content of natural gas will decrease in how much it is substantially upgraded. The main problems and difficulties encountered method of removing minor amounts of sulfur remaining in gases after conversion of the major portion of the sulfur content of the gas to elemental sulfur by the Claus or Stretford methods, or any method. Low-quality NG contains hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen, but is not suitable for treatment using current conventional gas treating methods due to economic and environmental challenges. To remove sulfur from natural gas as the most common on the Claus process is applied. However, the Claus process itself is not sufficient for removal of sulfur in the ultra level. The tail gas from the Claus reaction is then passed through a catalytic hydrogenation reactor together with a supply of hydrogen to reduce the sulfur and sulfur compounds to hydrogen sulfide. As a results, hydrogen sulfide is completely removed from the NG streams by washing with alkanolamine solutions.

ADVANCED CONTROL OF A COMPLEX CHEMICAL PROCESS

Three phase catalytic hydrogenation reactors are important reactors with complex behavior due to the interaction among gas, solid and liquid phases with the kinetic, mass and heat transfer mechanisms. A nonlinear distributed parameter model was developed based on mass and energy conservation principles. It consists of balance equations for the gas and liquid phases, so that a system of partial differential equations is generated. Because detailed nonlinear mathematical models are not suitable for use in controller design, a simple linear mathematical model of the process, which describes its most important properties, was determined. Both developed mathematical models were validated using plant data. The control strategies proposed in this paper are a multivariable Smith Predictor PID controller and multivariable Smith Predictor structure in which the primary controllers are derived based on Internal Model Control. Set-point tracking and disturbance rejection tests are presented for both methods based on scenarios implemented in Matlab/SIMULINK.

Robust control of a catalytic 2 ethyl-hexenal hydrogenation reactor

Robust control of a catalytic 2 ethyl-hexenal hydrogenation reactor

A Simple technique for microfluidic heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation reactor fabrication

A simple process is described for the facile production of microfluidic reactors with ‘built-in’ metallic catalysts. This approach provides considerable reductions in cost and complexity when compared to existing catalytic chip designs. The process involves the sputtering of catalytic metals into the channels of microfluidic reactors prior to device bonding. The utility of such microreactors as environments for heterogenous catalytic hydrogenations was tested and demonstrated by applying them to the on-chip reduction of butyraldehyde to butanol and benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. The use of such ‘built-in’ systems as microreactors for specific processes was shown to have considerable potential for both fundamental research and industrial application.

Hybrid artificial neural network—First principle model formulation for the unsteady state simulation and analysis of a packed bed reactor for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol

Hybrid artificial neural network—First principle model formulation for the unsteady state simulation and analysis of a packed bed reactor for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol

Determination of carbon monoxide, methane and carbon dioxide in refinery hydrogen gases and air by gas chromatography

Determination of carbon monoxide, methane and carbon dioxide in refinery hydrogen gases and air by gas chromatography

Modelling of Katapak reactor for hydrogenation of anthraquinones

Modelling of Katapak reactor for hydrogenation of anthraquinones

Real-Time Optimization and Control of Industrial Alkyne Hydrogenation

Real-Time Optimization and Control of Industrial Alkyne Hydrogenation

97/02222 Catalytic hydrogenation reactors for the fine chemicals industries. Their design and operation

97/02222 Catalytic hydrogenation reactors for the fine chemicals industries. Their design and operation

Catalytic hydrogenation reactors for the fine chemicals industries. Their design and operation

Catalytic hydrogenation reactors for the fine chemicals industries. Their design and operation

Development of catalytic hydrogenation reactors for the fine chemicals industry

Development of catalytic hydrogenation reactors for the fine chemicals industry