This research proposes a sustainable model for revitalizing abandoned coastal ponds in Indonesia by integrating waqf and permaculture water design. Conventional industrial practices in coastal pond management, characterized by using artificial chemicals, have led to significant environmental degradation, contradicting Islamic principles. The study suggests utilizing cash waqf to fund permaculture pond — a method that collaborates with nature, avoiding artificial inputs and promoting ecological balance. By aligning with Islamic teachings on environmental stewardship, this model aims to restore land quality and productivity while benefiting coastal communities. Employing a qualitative methodology, the research utilizes secondary data from a range of sources to analyze the potential of this approach. The findings advocate for a waqf-based management system that ensures environmental sustainability and adheres to Islamic values, offering a viable alternative to harmful conventional practices.

This study aims to analyze the economic potential of cash waqf as a social finance instrument for poverty reduction in Indonesia, with particular attention to governance structures and integration into economic empowerment strategies. The research employs a qualitative library research approach by reviewing peer-reviewed journal articles, academic books, and institutional reports related to cash waqf, Islamic social finance, and poverty alleviation. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to synthesize conceptual and empirical insights from both Indonesian and comparative international contexts. The findings indicate that cash waqf in Indonesia has a large untapped economic potential, estimated at approximately IDR 180 trillion annually, with realization remaining below 10 percent. Effective implementation is closely associated with transparent governance, professional management, and institutional credibility. Furthermore, cash waqf demonstrates stronger and more sustainable poverty reduction outcomes when integrated into productive economic activities such as entrepreneurship development, microfinance, and social enterprises. The study discusses these findings through the lenses of social finance theory, institutional economics, and inclusive development. It argues that reframing cash waqf as a structured social finance instrument enhances its relevance for business-oriented policy discourse and strengthens its role in sustainable and inclusive economic development.

<p><em>This study aims to formulate a consumptive cash waqf management model based on the principle of maslahah mursalah as a strategic step in improving community economic resilience. Cash waqf, as an Islamic financial instrument, has significant potential in empowering the community's economy, especially if its management is dynamically adapted to the needs and conditions of the community. The principle of maslahah mursalah emphasizes efforts to achieve public welfare and prevent harm, thus becoming an important basis in designing an adaptive and effective waqf scheme. This research method uses a qualitative approach with literature analysis, interviews with waqf and Islamic economics experts, and case studies on waqf management that have been implemented. The results show that optimal management of consumptive cash waqf must be based on eliminating urgent needs such as financing for productive consumption, education, health, and preventative social assistance. In this formulation, cash waqf is not only philanthropic, but also aimed to create long-term economic impact by strengthening the purchasing power and financial resilience of poor and vulnerable families.</em></p>

Islamic finance provides a faith-based framework for social and economic development grounded in equity, justice, and compassion. Within this framework, waqf (Islamic endowment) and its modern adaptation cash waqf serve as instruments of infāq (benevolence) for advancing community welfare. This study examines the prospects of cash waqf as an innovative Islamic financial model to bridge healthcare funding gaps and promote sustainable community health development. Using a qualitative research design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with healthcare workers, beneficiaries, and religious leaders, and analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that cash waqf can complement public funding by ensuring financial consistency, improving accessibility, and enhancing service efficiency. Moreover, it embodies Islamic principles of taʿāwun (mutual assistance) and ʿadl ijtimāʿī (social justice). The study concludes that institutionalizing cash waqf within Kano’s healthcare system can strengthen health equity, promote shared responsibility, and foster sustainable development in line with the Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah (objectives of Islamic law). It recommends structured policy integration between waqf authorities and governmental health agencies, enhanced transparency in fund management, and sustained public education on cash waqf as a viable healthcare financing model.

Digital cash waqf has great potential in optimizing Muslims' contribution to social and economic development. However, participation in digital cash waqf in Indonesia, particularly in Wonogiri Regency, remains low. This study aims to identify factors influencing individuals' intention to participate in digital cash waqf, focusing on the role of trust as a mediator between waqf literacy, social media, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. The research method used is a quantitative approach with primary data collection through questionnaires distributed to 226 respondents in Wonogiri Regency. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that perceived usefulness, ease of use, and trust significantly influence participation intention in digital cash waqf. Although waqf literacy and social media influence did not show significant direct effects, both played a role through the mediation of trust. Trust fully mediated the relationship between waqf literacy and participation intention, as well as between social media and participation intention. Meanwhile, perceived ease of use had both a direct effect and a partial mediation effect on participation intention. Based on these findings, it is recommended that waqf management institutions improve transparency and user trust, and optimize the ease of use of digital platforms to encourage greater participation in digital cash waqf

The National Health Insurance (JKN) program managed by BPJS Kesehatan aims to achieve equitable healthcare services for all Indonesian citizens. However, in its implementation, this system still faces serious obstacles related to funding sustainability, such as recurring budget deficits and delays in payment of claims to healthcare facilities. This situation demonstrates the urgency of finding a more stable alternative funding source. This qualitative research using a desk study method offers Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS) or sukuk waqf as an innovative solution to strengthen the sharia-based healthcare financing system. The results reveal that the integration of sukuk investment instruments and the philanthropic values of waqf can create a productive financing model while having a strong sociospiritual impact. Theologically, the implementation of CWLS supports the principles of maqasid al-shari'ah, particularly in safeguarding life (hifz al-nafs) and wealth (hifz al-mal). Despite its great potential, the implementation of sukuk waqf in the health sector still faces real challenges, including limited regulations, low levels of Islamic financial literacy in the community, and suboptimal institutional coordination between the government, financial institutions, and waqf management bodies

Purpose — The aim of this study is to determine how cash waqf intention is affected by religiosity, perceived iḥsān, and Islamic egalitarianism, as well as how perceived iḥsān and Islamic egalitarianism serve as mediators in the said relationships. Design/Methodology/Approach — The study involved 208 respondents from Generations Y-Z (Gen Y-Z), aged 18 to 43 in Malaysia. The respondents were selected via purposive sampling while the derived data were scrutinised utilising Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Findings — The study reveals that perceived iḥsān and Islamic egalitarianism are significantly influenced by religiosity, but that religiosity has no direct effect on cash waqf intention. Additionally, both perceived iḥsān and Islamic egalitarianism significantly affect cash waqf intention, acting as mediators between the said intention and religiosity. This indicates that religiosity influences cash waqf intention through these intermediary factors. Originality/Value — The novel contribution of this research lies in demonstrating the interconnected pathways through which religiosity influences cash waqf intention, as well as the roles of perceived iḥsān and Islamic egalitarianism as mediators in shaping cash waqf intention. Unlike earlier studies that positioned religiosity as a mediator between perceived iḥsān, Islamic egalitarianism, and intention to contribute to cash waqf, this research differs by treating religiosity as the independent variable, with perceived iḥsān and Islamic egalitarianism as mediators, thereby reversing the causal structure and offering a new conceptual perspective. Research Limitations/Implications — The study’s generalisability is limited due to its student-dominated sample and cross-sectional design, which captures data at a single point in time. Future research should consider diverse samples and longitudinal approaches to improve the robustness of the findings. Practical Implications — The study recommends that religious leaders, Islamic organisations, and policymakers should launch campaigns that highlight the religious and moral significance of cash waqf, while also promoting the values of iḥsān and Islamic egalitarianism to boost contributions. Furthermore, the implementation of flexible, income-based donation models could encourage wider participation by allowing individuals to contribute based on their financial capacity, thereby enhancing public engagement and charitable giving, particularly within the context of cash waqf.

Purpose — This study aims to conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to analyse global cash waqf models, categorise their key dimensions, and provide insights into their challenges and potential for socio-economic development. Design/Methodology/Approach — This study applies the PRISMA protocol to analyse research on cash waqf models. A total of 250 articles were first identified in the Scopus database, and 39 peer-reviewed studies were selected after thorough screening to ensure relevance. The coverage includes all publications from 2011 to 21 October 2024. These studies are grouped into six categories: methodological approaches, research models, regional focus, innovative purpose-based applications, cash waqf models, and key challenges. Findings — The findings highlight the dominance of qualitative methods, the emergence of mixed-method studies, and the limited use of quantitative approaches. Research models include empirical, conceptual, and hybrid approaches. Regionally, Indonesia and Malaysia lead in innovation, while Turkey, Pakistan, and Singapore contribute unique, locally tailored practices. Innovative purpose-based applications span economic development, education, healthcare, agriculture, construction, and social welfare. Cash waqf models are categorised into traditional, innovative, and community-policy-institution-driven frameworks. Key challenges include regulatory inconsistencies, lack of transparency, limited public awareness, financial sustainability issues, institutional capacity gaps, and slow technological adoption. Originality/Value — Many cash waqf models have been introduced in different countries, but most studies discuss them separately and do not explain how each model fits its institutional or social context. Previous SLR studies only mapped general trends or synthesised subtopics related to waqf. This study fills that gap by reviewing and grouping cash waqf models from past research to give a clearer view of how they are applied in different contexts and for different purposes. Research Limitations/Implications — The study is limited to peer-reviewed English-language articles from the Scopus database, potentially excluding relevant works in other languages or databases. Future research should expand the scope to capture a broader perspective. Practical Implications — The study provides guidance for policymakers, waqf managers, and institutions on designing cash waqf models according to specific goals, such as education, healthcare, or economic development. It also encourages stakeholders to adopt existing successful models or to innovate new ones that align with their objectives to ensure greater impact and sustainability.

This research aims to explore innovations in Islamic philanthropy to enhance the inclusiveness of cash waqf in Indonesia. This research method employs a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing data collection techniques that include interviews with five resource persons: the head of the institution, the cash waqf manager, the digital administrator, the waqf nadzir who collaborates with the foundation, and the waqif. Additionally, observation and documentation techniques were employed in this study. Data analysis was conducted using data reduction, field data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that, first, the importance of innovative and sustainable efforts in managing cash waqf. The innovation of access to cash waqf services in Yayasan Edukasi Wakaf Indonesia (YEWI) is demonstrated through various features and excellent programs, including collective, endowment, term, and tabarru' waqf, as well as Nazir Incubator Services, which enable communities to become part of the official waqf system. Second, the implementation of digitalizing cash waqf at YEWI has been carried out systematically and structurally through the Pasifamal.id platform, which encompasses the processes of collecting, managing, and distributing cash waqf. This digitalization makes transactions easier, faster, more transparent, and accountable. The platform offers a range of modern payment methods, including bank transfers, QRIS, and e-wallets, as well as real-time data on fund collection and comprehensive financial reports. This research gap demonstrates the importance of digital-based waqf, sustainable innovation, and collaboration in building an inclusive concept within Islamic philanthropy. These factors can build public trust and expand the reach of waqif to various levels of society.

This article examines the policy patterns of cash waqf as a social fund in Indonesian state universities, analyzing its governance, sustainability, and developmental implications. Drawing on institutional economics and Islamic social finance, the study investigates how universities integrate waqf into higher education financing models. Data were derived from academic literature, policy documents, and recent studies on waqf sustainability and management innovations. The findings reveal that cash waqf is increasingly positioned as a strategic instrument to support scholarships, research, infrastructure, and community outreach. Universities adopt varying governance models, ranging from traditional trust-based structures to digital and professionally managed waqf schemes, reflecting institutional capacity and regulatory environments. Furthermore, the study identifies challenges in transparency, donor engagement, and alignment with national policies, yet emphasizes the potential of waqf to complement state funding and reduce educational inequality. By situating Indonesian practices within a comparative perspective, especially with Malaysia, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia, the research contributes to ongoing debates on sustainable higher education financing. The study highlights the dual role of waqf as both a faith-driven social obligation and an innovative tool for development, reinforcing its relevance in achieving educational and societal goals in Indonesia

Purpose: This paper explores how Cash Waqf can support Indonesia’s free school meal program by applying the Business Model Canvas (BMC) framework to organize resources, stakeholders, costs, and benefits. Design/Method/Approach: Using a descriptive-qualitative approach, the study draws on secondary data from literature, case studies, and global practices in Islamic social finance. Lessons from the Nordic Pro-Meal initiative and Bangladesh’s BRAC program, both proven to enhance children’s health and learning, are adapted. The BMC is applied to map key partnerships, value propositions, activities, and financial flows for incorporating Cash Waqf into Indonesia’s free meal initiative. Findings: The proposed BMC involves collaboration between government, Islamic finance institutions, NGOs, and private partners. Key activities include fundraising, investment management, program implementation, and community engagement. Value propositions deliver sustainable charity for donors, nutritious meals for students, fiscal relief for government, and stronger social cohesion. Essential resources comprise Cash Waqf funds, human capital, infrastructure, and digital platforms. Costs include operational, technological, and outreach expenses, while revenues stem from Cash Waqf contributions, investment returns, sponsorships, and government support. Findings show Cash Waqf offers a scalable and sustainable funding mechanism to improve nutrition, education, and national development. Originality/Value: This study is the first to examine Cash Waqf’s role in Indonesia’s free school meal program. It contributes an innovative BMC framework demonstrating how Islamic social finance can be leveraged to enhance welfare and educational outcomes sustainably.

This paper develops a conceptual framework for integrating zakat and waqf as complementary instruments aimed at sustainable economic empowerment. The two main pillars of Islamic social finance, zakat and waqf, have historically and theologically pursued complementing social goals of the public interest (maslahah), social protection, and poverty alleviation. In many Muslim-majority nations, waqf (an endowment intended to produce enduring public benefit) and zakat (a redistributive, mandatory alms giving) have mainly functioned in separate institutional and legal frameworks while having a similar goal of improving human welfare and acts of worship. This paper aims to discuss the strategic integration of zakat and waqf, particularly in contemporary forms like cash waqf, zakat-funded waqf seed capital, and joint zakat-waqf impact programs, to significantly increase the resource base for programs aimed at sustainable economic empowerment, boost the effectiveness of attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and enhance governance and accountability in Islamic social finance. The paper presents an operational framework for integration, addresses governance safeguards and shariah considerations, and provides policy recommendations to practitioners, regulators, and donors using a systematic literature synthesis, comparative models, and illustrative case studies (Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria) and contemporary conceptual models. The study concludes that, despite operational, legal, and institutional obstacles, digitally enabled governance, standardized impact indicators, and hybrid public-private partnerships offer practical means to scale zakat-waqf integration for inclusive and sustainable development.

This study critically examines juristic disagreement (ikhtilaf) in waqf jurisprudence through an integrated epistemological, methodological, and contextual analysis, while exploring the pathways toward harmonizing classical doctrines with contemporary socio-economic demands. Using a qualitative, library-based research design, the study analyzes classical fiqh sources from the four Sunni schools, foundational works of uṣūl al-fiqh, contemporary academic discussions, and modern fatwas. The research scope encompasses the conceptual foundations of waqf, the validity of various asset types, istibdal, temporary waqf, and contemporary innovations, including cash waqf, waqf-linked sukuk, and digital waqf. The findings reveal that ikhtilaf is rooted in divergent epistemic commitments regarding textual authority, legal causation, and public interest, as well as methodological distinctions in legal reasoning and contextual influences across historical periods. Major challenges include the increasing complexity of financial instruments, fragmented regulatory frameworks, and limited capacity among waqf managers to operationalize maqasid-oriented governance. The study recommends strengthening collective ijtihad, developing maqasid-driven regulatory frameworks, and establishing measurable evaluative standards for modern waqf practices. Practical implications highlight the need to integrate classical fiqh reasoning with contemporary governance principles to ensure that waqf remains socially transformative and aligned with sustainable development objectives. This research formulates a normative–analytical model that synthesizes maqasid-oriented reasoning with juristic diversity, providing a conceptual platform for harmonizing waqf jurisprudence and enhancing the strategic relevance of waqf in the modern era.

This study aims to analyse the level of awareness among public servants in the Federal Territory of Putrajaya regarding project-based cash waqf. In addition, the study seeks to identify the key motivating factors that drive individuals to participate in waqf practices, as well as to evaluate the most preferred promotional channels for disseminating information on project-based cash waqf. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through structured online questionnaires. Respondents were selected randomly and a total of 322 valid responses were obtained and analysed using SPSS. The findings indicate that public servants in Putrajaya generally possess a high level of awareness of project-based cash waqf practices. Although most respondents demonstrated a positive tendency towards waqf participation, a comprehensive understanding of the cash waqf concept remains limited. Religious beliefs and humanitarian values emerged as the main motivating factors, while perceptions of institutional credibility also played a significant role in fostering donor trust. In terms of promotional platforms, Facebook was found to be the most relatable medium among the target group, particularly among public servants aged over 30.

Background. Cash waqf has emerged as an important instrument for social and economic development, yet its regulatory framework within the national legal system remains fragmented and inconsistently applied. Aim. This study aims to analyze the structure, effectiveness, and gaps of the current regulatory model governing cash waqf while identifying the challenges faced by key stakeholders. Methods. A qualitative legal approach is used, combining statutory analysis, case studies, and interviews with regulators and waqf managers to evaluate how existing norms function in practice. Results. The study finds that although the legal framework provides a formal foundation for cash waqf management, several issues persist, including overlapping authorities, weak enforcement mechanisms, and limited institutional capacity. Conclusions. A more coherent, integrated, and adaptive regulatory model is required to strengthen legal certainty and improve institutional performance in managing cash waqf. Implication. The findings underscore the need for policymakers, regulators, and waqf institutions to refine governance standards, enhance coordination, and adopt technological innovations to ensure transparent and efficient cash waqf administration. Keywords: Cash Waqf, Regulatory Model, National Legal System, Governance, Legal Challenges, Waqf Institutions

This study evaluates the effectiveness of Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS) as an innovative Islamic financial instrument to support public infrastructure development. The analysis explores how CWLS integrates the philanthropic spirit of waqf with the stability of sovereign sukuk to generate sustainable social and economic value. The study investigates governance frameworks, operational mechanisms, risk mitigation strategies, and the distribution of social returns to beneficiaries. It also examines the extent to which CWLS enhances financial inclusion by mobilizing small-scale contributions into productive, long-term infrastructure projects. Empirical evidence highlights CWLS’s potential to reduce government financing burdens, increase community participation, and strengthen the resilience of Islamic social finance. Despite its promising impact, the study identifies several challenges, including limited public awareness, regulatory constraints, and the need for stronger institutional collaboration. Overall, CWLS demonstrates significant potential as a complementary tool for financing essential public infrastructure in a socially responsible and Sharia-compliant manner.

This study explores the innovative strategy of digital cash waqf to enhance social responsibility among micro-enterprises through small contributions to waqf or non-profit entities. Using a qualitative approach and thematic analysis, it investigates how digitalisation streamlines the donation process, overcoming previous challenges. A key motivation is technological opportunism, where enterprises leverage digital platforms to boost visibility and participation in social causes. The study advocates for a transparent and accountable digital waqf ecosystem. Findings highlight the role of philanthropy in fostering generosity and community engagement, offering strategic insights for policymakers to encourage enterprise-waqf collaboration for sustainable social impact.

This study examines the determinants of Muslims’ intention to contribute to cash waqf through crowdfunding platforms by integrating behavioral, spiritual, and technological perspectives. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and ‎Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), it proposes and empirically tests an integrated structural model. Data were collected in 2025 from 274 ‎Indonesian respondents via purposive and snowball sampling and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS ‎SEM). The results reveal that religiosity, awareness, and behavioral beliefs strongly influence donors’ attitudes, while control beliefs and ‎habit significantly predict intention. Promotion and socialization enhance knowledge and awareness, which in turn mediate positive behavioral outcomes. Conversely, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and price value show weaker direct effects, highlighting that trust, ‎familiarity, and moral conviction outweigh utilitarian motivations. Respondents demonstrate high religiosity and positive perceptions of ‎digital waqf mechanisms, indicating readiness for fintech-based philanthropy. Strategic recommendations include enhancing transparency, ‎strengthening religious and financial literacy, and fostering habitual digital engagement. Overall, the findings contribute to Islamic social ‎finance by offering a holistic model explaining how psychological motivations and technological acceptance jointly shape participation in ‎digital cash waqf ecosystems‎.

This study's focus on investigating the determinants of cash waqf intention among female Muslims in Brunei and Indonesia for the purpose of comparing awareness about cash waqf between the two countries. By examining the factors influencing cash waqf intention in these two countries, the study not only shedding light on the attitudes and behaviours of female Muslims towards charitable giving but also providing insights into potential differences in awareness and participation levels between Brunei and Indonesia. Through purposive random sampling method, the study deploying 62 items of questionnaire to 106 Indonesian Muslim females and 105 Bruneian Muslim females. Integrating Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) determinants such as attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control with additional factors like literacy, religiosity, and trust enriches the analytical framework of this study. The multiple regression analysis allows this study to have a rigorous examination of the relationships between various factors and cash waqf intention among female Muslims in Brunei and Indonesia. The finding for both countries shows that religiosity and trust has no significant relationship with Muslim female intention to perform cash waqf. The findings shows that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control have significant relationship in investigating female Muslim intention to perform cash waqf in Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam.

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> The development of Islamic philanthropy, especially cash waqf, is gaining momentum in higher education institutions through the support of zakat and waqf management bodies. LAZISWAF UNIDA Gontor plays an important role in providing tuition assistance through waqf funds. However, the factors influencing individuals’ interest in contributing to cash waqf, particularly financial literacy and payment methods, remain underexplored. This study aims to examine (1) the effect of financial literacy on interest in cash waqf, (2) the effect of payment methods on interest in cash waqf, and (3) the combined effect of financial literacy and payment methods on interest in cash waqf at LAZISWAF UNIDA Gontor.</p><p><strong>Methodology:</strong> This study used a quantitative research approach was used with multiple regression analysis. The study involved 132 respondents selected through purposive sampling, comprising students who had knowledge or experience related to cash waqf. Data analysis was conducted using EViews 12 to assess relationships among the independent variables (financial literacy and payment methods) and the dependent variable (interest in cash waqf).</p><p><strong>Findings/Results:</strong> The results show that both financial literacy and payment methods significantly influence interest in cash waqf, both separately and together.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> A better understanding of waqf principles and the accessibility of digital payment options positively affect individuals' willingness to participate in cash waqf. The theoretical contribution of this study lies in its integrated approach by combining financial literacy and payment method variables to explain interest in cash waqf. This model provides practical insights for Islamic philanthropic institutions to enhance engagement strategies and improve waqf fundraising.</p>