Cases Of Fatal Injury Research Articles

Assessment of Environmental and Occupational Safety in Mining Industry during Underground Coal Mining

Ensuring the ever-increasing demands of society for energy resources is a key problem for the development of the economy of all countries of the world. At this stage, to improve the living and working conditions of a person, the development of industry and transport, the growth of production based on scientific and technological progress, a continuous increase in energy use is required. Analysis of the environmental consequences of coal mining shows that the human impact on the environment in the process of economic activity becomes global. Therefore, the main goal of the work is to assess the environmental safety in production because of a decrease in rock mass during underground coal mining. The work analyses the levels of negative environmental impact of coal industry enterprises. The relationship between the key statistical indicator that affects the accident rate and the value of professional risk is demonstrated. It is shown that despite the general tendency to reduce the number of cases of fatal injuries to coal mine workers, the procedure for assessing the risk caused by rock falls needs to be improved. In this regard, when assessing occupational risk, it becomes relevant to use information from multifunctional systems of safety (MSS). The complex method of effective control of mountain pressure is illustrated by application of the developed methodology of computer modelling of geo-mechanical processes, instrumental and geophysical methods for protection and maintenance of mine workings at development of a coal seam of the Barentsburg field.

Prediction of probability of fatality due to brain injury in traffic accidents

Objective: Fatal brain injuries result from physiological changes in brain tissues, subsequent to primary damage caused by head impact. Although efforts have been made in past studies to estimate the probability of brain injury, none of them involved prediction of such physiological changes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the fatality prediction capability of a novel approach that predicts an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) due to primary head injury to estimate the fatality rate using clinical data that correlate ICP with fatality rate.Methods: A total of 12 sets of head acceleration time histories were used to represent no, severe, and fatal brain injury. They were obtained from the literature presenting head kinematics data in noninjurious volunteer sled tests or from accident reconstruction for severe and fatal injury cases. These were first applied to a Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) head–brain model to predict nodal displacement time histories of the brain, which were then fed into FEBio to predict ICP. A Weibull distribution was applied to the data for the relationship between fatality rate and ICP obtained from a clinical paper to estimate fatality rate from ICP (procedure A). Fatality rate was also estimated by applying the temporal and spatial maximum value of maximum principal strain (MPSmax) obtained from the GHBMC simulation to an injury probability function for MPSmax (procedure B). Estimated fatality rates were compared between the 2 procedures.Results: Both procedures estimated higher average fatality rate for higher injury severity. The average fatality rate for procedure A without ischemia representation and procedure B was 72.4 and 51.0% for the fatal injury group and 8.2 and 21.7% for the severe injury group, respectively, showing that procedure A provides more distinct classification between fatal and nonfatal brain injury. It was also found that representation of ischemia in procedure A provides results sensitive to injury severity and impact conditions, requiring further validation of the initial estimate for the relationship between brain compression and ischemic cell death.Conclusions: Prediction of the probability of fatality by means of a combination of simulations of the primary brain deformation and subsequent ICP increase was found to be more distinct compared to the prediction of primary injury alone combined with the injury probability function from a past study in the select 12 head impact cases.

Vertebral Artery Dissection in Sport: A Systematic Review.

Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is a potentially catastrophic injury that may occur during sports participation. A comprehensive review is needed to collate documented cases to improve understanding and inform future preventative approaches. This review aimed to understand the extent of VAD in sport and characterise trends suggestive of mechanisms of injury. Electronic databases were searched using terms related to VAD and sport. Records were included if they described one or more cases of VAD attributed to sport. A total of 79 records described 128 individual cases of VAD in sport, of which 118 were confirmed by imaging or autopsy and included in analyses. Cases were attributed to 43 contact and non-contact sports. The median age of cases was 33years (IQR 22-44), and 75% were male. There were 22 cases of fatal injury, of which ten involved an impact to the mastoid region and seven involved an impact to the head or neck. Non-fatal cases of VAD were attributed to impact to the head or neck (not mastoid region), movement or held position without impact, and in some cases no reported incident. VAD attributed to sports participation is uncommonly reported and the mechanisms are varied. Impact to the mastoid region is consistently implicated in fatal cases and should be the focus of injury prevention strategies in sport. Efforts may also be directed at improving the prognosis of cases with delayed presentation through clinical recognition and imaging. The review was registered on the international prospective register for systematic reviews ( http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO ) (CRD42018090543).

Mortuary based injury surveillance for low-mid income countries: process evaluation of pilot studies

ObjectiveGlobally, injury is the fourth major cause of death and the third leading contributor to Disability Adjusted Life Years lost due to health conditions, with the greatest burden borne by low-middle income countries (LMICs) where injury data is scarce. In the absence of effective vital registration systems, mortuaries have been shown to provide an alternative source of cause of death information for practitioners and policy makers to establish strategic injury prevention policies and programs.This evaluation sought to assess the feasibility of implementing a standardised fatal injury data collection process to systematically collect relevant fatal injury data from mortuaries. The process evaluation is described. MethodsA manual including a one page data collection form, coding guide, data dictionary, data entry and analysis program was developed through World Health Organization and Monash University Australia collaboration, with technical advice from an International Advisory Group. The data collection component was piloted in multiple mortuaries, in five LMICs (Egypt, India, Sri-Lanka, Tanzania and Zambia). Process evaluation was based on a questionnaire completed by each country's Principal Investigator. ResultsQuestionnaires were completed for data collections in urban and rural mortuaries between September 2010 and February 2011. Of the 1795 reported fatal injury cases registered in the participating mortuaries, road traffic injury accounted for the highest proportion of cases, ranging from 22% to 87%. Other causes included burns, poisoning, drowning and falls. Positive system attributes were feasibility, acceptability, usefulness, timeliness, and simplicity and data field completeness. Some limitations included short duration of the pilot studies, limited injury data collector training and apparent underreporting of cases to the medico-legal system or mortuaries. ConclusionThe mortuary has been shown to be a potential data source for identifying injury deaths and their circumstances and monitoring injury trends and risk factors in LMICs. However, further piloting is needed, including in rural areas and training of forensic pathologists and data-recorders to overcome some of the difficulties experienced in the pilot countries. The key to attracting ongoing funding and support from governments and donors in LMICs for fatal injury surveillance lies in further demonstrating the usefulness of collected data.

Community based estimation of extent and determinants of cost of injuries in a north Indian city

Very few community based studies on the economic impact of injuries are available from India. Being based on secondary data sources these underestimate the true burden. Current study aimed to ascertain the incidence and economic impact of injuries in an Indian city. Details of injury events during the reference period were elicited in the study population through a community based survey in 2008. The severity of injury was categorized on the basis of need and duration of hospitalization. Direct and productivity costs were assessed for each event of injury. Out of 230 households contacted 212 participated in the study. Overall, 985 people were interviewed. The overall incidence of injury was 48.73/1000 population, Road traffic injuries (RTIs) were the leading cause (35%) of injury, followed by the falls (17%), contact with hot substances (13%), inanimate mechanical force (13%), animate mechanical force (8%), assault (8%) and others (6%). The ratio of fatal: severe non-fatal: mild injuries were 1:14:33. The total direct cost (DC) incurred was Rs. 310,951.67, contributed by medical (44%), surgical (21%), legal (15%), cost of informal care (10%). The total productivity cost of injuries was Rs. 416,700, contributed by mortality cost of Rs. 336,000 (81%) and morbidity cost of Rs. 807,00 (19%). For every case of fatal injury, there were 14 cases of severe hospitalized injuries and 33 cases of mild injuries. RTIs were the commonest. Injuries had sizeable direct and indirect cost on the society.

Fatal injury in Eastern Sri Lanka, with special reference to cardenolide self-poisoning with Cerbera manghas fruits

Objective. Self-poisoning with plant seeds or fruits is a common method of self-harm in South Asia. While most deaths follow ingestion of Thevetia peruviana (yellow oleander) seeds, other plants are locally common. During review of fatal injuries seen in a teaching hospital in eastern Sri Lanka, we noted cases of fatal self-poisoning with Cerbera manghas (sea mango, pink eyed cerbera, odollam tree) fruits. Methods. We reviewed the post-mortem records of the Batticaloa Teaching Hospital and extracted data on all cases of fatal injury. Results. During 2001 and 2002, 315 post mortems for injury were performed in Batticaloa Teaching Hospital. Intentional self-harm was responsible for 48.6% of cases. While T. peruviana was responsible for 33 deaths, C. manghas self-poisoning caused seven deaths. C. manghas cases had typical features of cardenolide poisoning with cardiac dysrhythmias and hyperkalemia. In the absence of pacing facilities and anti-digoxin Fab, management involved administration of atropine and of insulin and dextrose to lower serum potassium concentrations. Conclusions. C. manghas self-poisoning has only previously been reported from Kerala and Tamil Nadu in south India. While uncommon in other parts of Sri Lanka, it has become a common method of self-harm in one east coast district, accounting for 20% of fatal self-harm with plants in one hospital. Management was inadequate with the available resources, emphasising the need for an affordable antitoxin for plant cardenolide poisoning.

Trocar-associated injuries and fatalities: An analysis of 1399 reports to the FDA

Laparoscopic trocars, medical devices used to gain access into the abdominal cavity, are the most common device named in malpractice injury claims associated with laparoscopic procedures. As part of its ongoing adverse event reporting program, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires manufacturers and user facilities to file a report whenever a device was or may have been a factor in a death or serious injury. The FDA collects data from these reports in its Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database. This study presents an analysis of fatality and injury data on laparoscopic trocars found in MAUDE reports received from January 1, 1997, through June 30, 2002, including 31 fatal injury cases and 1353 reports on nonfatal injuries. Cholecystectomy was the procedure most frequently associated with both fatal and nonfatal trocar injuries. Most fatalities involved vascular injuries. All fatality reports that identified the trocar design involved either a shielded trocar (which has a retractable shield that covers the trocar blade before and after insertion to help protect abdominal and pelvic organs from inadvertent puncture) or an optical trocar (which allows laparoscopists to view the cutting tip as it penetrates the tissues). Narrative comments cited surgical technique, device problems, and patient characteristics as contributing factors. Among nonfatal injuries, a change in surgical management such as additional surgical procedure—primarily laparotomy—prolonged surgery, or aborted surgery was reported most frequently for vascular and hollow viscus injuries. Many reports did not identify the device model, surgical procedure, or event timing, limiting Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and manufacturer investigations into whether the device contributed to the event. The most common manufacturer conclusions indicated the trocar was not returned, and no conclusions could be drawn about the trocar’s contribution to the event. Fatalities occur with procedures in which shielded trocars and optical trocars are used. Further study is needed to evaluate the high proportion of reports associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Laparoscopists should retain for evaluation any devices implicated in patient injuries and should ensure that detailed information on adverse events is provided in adverse event reports to the FDA. The FDA’s Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database can be a valuable source for information on adverse outcomes associated with medical devices and, given an understanding of its limitation, provides researchers with a viable adjunct to published literature and litigation surveys for obtaining this information.

Ubiquitin immunoreactivity in the midbrain as a marker of stress to motor nervous systems in fatal injury

Previous studies showed an increase in the ubiquitin (Ub)-immunoreactive structures in the midbrain in acute deaths from asphyxiation and in fires in adult subjects. The present study examined the Ub-immunoreactivity in the midbrain as a marker of stress to motor nervous systems in fatal injury cases (over 35 years of age, n=140: blunt injuries, n=82; sharp injuries, n=58), compared with that in control groups ( n=61) including death by strangulation, acute cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases. The intranuclear Ub-immunopositive inclusion of the pigmented dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (inclusion Ub-index) and the granular ‘dot-like’ Ub-immunoreactivity area (‘dot-like’ Ub-area) in the crus cerebri were analyzed. In blunt injuries, those markers were high in abdomen and back injuries and low in head and chest injuries. The inclusion Ub-index was higher in the crush/pressure injury group than in those with injuries due to impact traffic accidents and falls. ‘Dot-like’ Ub-area was also low in falls. In sharp injury cases, cardiac injury with hemopericardium showed a higher inclusion Ub-index. These findings suggested that the stress to the motor nervous system may be very intense in crush/pressure injury and hemopericardium than in impact injury and fatal hemorrhages, respectively, and in abdomen and back injuries than in head and chest injuries.

Fatal laryngeal injury in an achondroplastic dwarf secondary to airbag deployment

We report the case of an unrestrained driver with achondroplastic dwarfism who suffered a fatal anterior neck injury when her airbag deployed as she rear-ended another vehicle at 30-40 mph. Her short stature and short limbs required her to sit within a handbreadth of the steering wheel, which probably allowed the airbag or airbag cover to strike her neck as it opened. This is the first reported case of fatal injury to a driver with achondroplastic dwarfism.

Fatal laryngeal injury in an achondroplastic dwarf secondary to airbag deployment

We report the case of an unrestrained driver with achondroplastic dwarfism who suffered a fatal anterior neck injury when her airbag deployed as she rear-ended another vehicle at 30-40 mph. Her short stature and short limbs required her to sit within a handbreadth of the steering wheel, which probably allowed the airbag or airbag cover to strike her neck as it opened. This is the first reported case of fatal injury to a driver with achondroplastic dwarfism.

A Suicidal Wound Inflicted by a “Power Head”

A case of suicide using a device known as a "power head" is presented. The devices, which are used in underwater fishing and other activities, are common and readily available in many areas where diving is practiced, but we are unaware of previously published cases of fatal injuries resulting from their use. The appearance and functioning of a power head are described, as well as regulations concerning the devices.

The role of alcohol in work-related fatal accidents in Australia 1982-1984.

This paper describes the role of detectable blood alcohol in fatal work injuries. An attempt was made to identify all work-related fatalities that occurred throughout Australia in the period 1982-1984. A research team examined coroners' records and classified 1737 fatal injury cases as being work-related according to study definitions. The following were also extracted from data in coroners' records: (i) whether or not the description of the fatal event indicated that inebriation was likely to have been a factor; (ii) whether or not there was documentation of blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and if so, what it was. The likelihood of inebriation was assessed without knowledge of the victim's BAC. In 1030 (59 per cent) of the 1737 fatal work injury cases, a BAC determination was documented. Zero levels were detected in 867 fatalities (84 per cent), and 163 cases (16 per cent) had non-zero BAC. In the latter group the median BAC was 104 mg%. Sixty-five per cent of measurable BAC cases had BAC greater than 50 mg%. Fatality risk in the non-zero BAC group relative to that of the zero BAC group was elevated for the following factors: marital status--single (risk ratio (RR) = 1.7, 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.8) or separated/divorced (RR = 2.4, CI 1.5-3.8); occupation as manager, executive or administrator (RR = 2.5, CI 1.5-5.8); and commuting (RR = 1.6, CI 1.2-2.0).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Reviews

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The Quantum of Damage in Bodily and Fatal Injury Cases. By M. M. Corbett and J. L. Buchanan [Wynberg: Juta & Co., Ltd. 1960. xix, 229 and (indices) 26 pp. Price in Great Britain £4 8s. 6d.

The Quantum of Damage in Bodily and Fatal Injury Cases. By M. M. Corbett and J. L. Buchanan [Wynberg: Juta & Co., Ltd. 1960. xix, 229 and (indices) 26 pp. Price in Great Britain £4 8s. 6d.