Scientific literacy is an essential competency for students; however, science learning in primary schools is often dominated by teacher-centered methods that limit student engagement and conceptual understanding. This study aims to describe the implementation of an inquiry-based approach in strengthening Disciplinary Core Ideas, mapping Science and Engineering Practices skills, and analyzing the relationship between scientific concepts and Crosscutting Concepts at School of Life Lebah Putih. This research employed a qualitative case study design involving semi-structured interviews with the principal, teachers, and students. The findings indicate that the inquiry-based approach enhances students’ active participation, conceptual understanding, and the relevance of science learning to everyday life, although its implementation is constrained by teachers’ reliance on lecture-based instruction. It can be concluded that inquiry-based learning has strong potential to improve scientific literacy in primary education; therefore, the development of locally contextualized learning modules is recommended to support more effective and sustainable implementation aligned with NGSS standards.Keywords: Science Literacy; Inquiry Approach; Basic Education

Village community empowerment based on local potential is an important strategy for enhancing self-reliance and economic resilience, including in Sobo Village, Pacitan Regency, which has fertile land but whose residents remain dependent on rainfed agriculture and seasonal livestock farming. This study aims to describe the implementation of community empowerment policies through coffee cultivation as an alternative livelihood diversification option. It employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design, using data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving village officials, students of the Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) program from ISIMU, and beneficiary community members. The findings show that the distribution of coffee seedlings and the provision of technical assistance fostered active community participation, encouraged the productive use of home yards, and opened opportunities for long-term income improvement. Although doubts remain regarding short-term economic benefits, coffee cultivation has potential as an empowerment policy instrument that supports the strengthening of village economic resilience. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing local potential and reinforcing empowerment policies as the basis for sustainable village economic development.

This study aims to describe the implementation of a technology-based storytelling method in Islamic Religious Education (IRE) learning and its impact on fostering noble character among grade VII students at SMP Negeri 10 Banda Aceh. The research subjects consisted of the IRE teacher, grade VII homeroom teachers, and the school principal, selected through purposive sampling due to their direct involvement in the learning process and character development. This study employed a qualitative case study design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analysed using the interactive analysis model comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the storytelling method was implemented systematically through the utilisation of visual media, such as projectors, to present exemplary stories of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and other relevant Islamic figures. The integration of technology was proven to enhance students’ attention, motivation, and emotional engagement in understanding moral values. Interviews revealed that students were guided and continuously monitored to practice noble character, while those who had not shown expected behavioural changes received persuasive guidance through additional reinforcement materials. Documentation of attitude assessments showed significant improvement in aspects of politeness, responsibility, discipline, and social awareness. This study concludes that the technology-based storytelling method is effective in supporting the internalisation of noble character values, with teacher creativity and exemplary conduct serving as key factors driving its success.

Infrastructure development is one of the Indonesian government’s top priorities to support economic growth and promote equitable development across regions. However, project delays remain a significant challenge that hinders the effectiveness of national strategic programs. This study aims to analyze the strategic role of the Head of the National Road Implementation Agency (BPJN) Palangkaraya in managing the risk of delays in infrastructure projects, particularly national road projects in Central Kalimantan. The research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving in-depth interviews with the Head of BPJN and several project implementation officials as key informants. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns of strategic decision-making in responding to project uncertainties. The results reveal that decision-making processes are carried out through a combination of rational and intuitive approaches, taking into account technical aspects, fiscal policies, and external factors such as weather conditions and material distribution. The Head of BPJN acts as an adaptive decision-maker who balances national interests with field realities. This study underscores the importance of risk-based strategic leadership in improving the performance of public infrastructure projects.

Studies of Muslim religious practice have largely relied on theological and normative perspectives, while analyses based on sociological approaches that treat religious practice as a social phenomenon remain relatively limited. This study aims to analyze the forms of religious practice among Muslims, identify the social factors that influence these practices, and explain the relevance of a sociological approach for understanding the dynamics of religiosity in society. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed, involving 15 participants selected through purposive sampling, consisting of religious leaders and members of the Muslim community. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, and were analyzed using thematic analysis through the stages of data reduction, coding, categorization, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that Muslim religious practice manifests in two main dimensions: ritual practice (congregational prayer, recitation of the Qur’an, and study circles) and social practice (charitable giving, gotong royong, and community-based religious activities). Family, social environment, religious education, and the role of religious leaders were found to be key determinants shaping patterns of religious practice, while variations in the intensity of practice were influenced by personal conditions such as level of busyness and access to religious activities. These results affirm that religious practice is the outcome of dynamic interaction between individuals and surrounding social structures, and thus a sociological approach is relevant and necessary for understanding the forms of Muslim religiosity more comprehensively. Theoretically, this study enriches the body of knowledge in the sociology of religion, while practically it provides a basis for religious institutions to design more contextual guidance programs and opens avenues for further research on the impact of modernization and digital media on the transformation of religious practice.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between primary school teachers' attitudes towards the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education and their concerns about technology-induced unemployment. A convergent parallel design from mixed research methods was used in the study. A correlational survey design was used in the quantitative part, while a case study design was preferred in the qualitative part. Quantitative data were collected using scales developed by Aksekili and Kan (2024) and Civelek and Pehlivanoğlu (2020). Qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured interview form. Quantitative data were obtained from 149 classroom teachers selected by random sampling in the 2024-2025 academic year, while qualitative data were obtained from 24 classroom teachers selected by convenience sampling. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and parametric tests. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The findings reveal that class teachers have a high level of attitude towards the use of AI in education. It was found that class teachers have a low level of concern about technology-induced unemployment. The relationship between these two variables is understood to be moderately negative. It was determined that most teachers have a positive view of the use of AI in primary school lessons. It is thought that AI cannot replace the profession of classroom teaching. It has been established that AI cannot perform many human skills. Among the views of classroom teachers, the fact that AI is emotionally inadequate stands out.

Transition services are of critical importance in equipping students with special needs for the future. Students with learning disabilities may experience greater challenges unless they receive specialized assistance. The aim of this study is to understand the challenges faced by a student with learning disabilities and her parent during the transition from primary to secondary education and to provide a framework for developing effective transition strategies. A case study design, one of the qualitative research methods, was adopted for the current study. In the study, which employed a purposive sampling method, the participants were a middle school student with learning disabilities, her parent, and the researcher. The data were gathered through a semi-structured interview form, the researcher’s field notes, and document analysis. Descriptive analysis was performed to analyze the research data. The findings illustrated that both the parent and the student with learning disabilities experienced ambiguities during the transition process, felt a lack of guidance in their career choices, and were psychologically exhausted. Furthermore, teachers and families should be encouraged to be more actively involved in the process, and psychological support should be provided. In the context of Türkiye, reviewing legal regulations and shaping educational policies according to the needs of students with learning disabilities is of primary significance.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to first display Islamic origins of the Common law, and thereafter analyze whether the English legal system applies Shariah law when dealing with debt-based (obligation) Islamic financial contracts. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a qualitative methodology and a single/embedded case study design. The single component refers to English law, while the embedded component refers to Beximco Pharmaceuticals LTD. and Ors. v Shamil Bank of Bahrain Ec (2004) and Dana Gas PJSC v Dana Gas Sukuk Ltd. and Ors (2017) as units of analysis. Findings Contrary to the paradigmatic notion that the English court excluded Sharīʿah law in the Beximco Pharmaceuticals LTD. and Ors. v Shamil Bank of Bahrain Ec (2004) and Dana Gas PJSC v Dana Gas Sukuk Ltd. and Ors (2017) cases, and exclusively applied English law, the findings in this research suggest that Sharīʿah law was indirectly applied. The findings suggest that Islamic origins in the Common law, in addition to the obligation of debt-repayment in the English legal system, results in legal parallelism due to debt-repayment simply being a key phenomenon existent within Sharīʿah law. Research limitations/implications The research is limited to analyzing two Islamic financial disputes in the English court and does not delve into theoretical arenas analyzing how English law may be amended to accommodate a growing Islamic financial industry. Separate research may be conducted to analyze how English law may practically accommodate Islamic financial disputes more efficiently. Originality/value While the cases under discussion have been discussed about in various literature, this research provides a non-paradigmatic finding that may contribute to literature and act as a cause for deliberation. Additionally, it links the analysis with the discussion pertaining to Islamic origins of the Common law, by shedding light on the dramatic changes brought forth by Henry II during the 12th century.

Stroke is classified into two main types based on its pathophysiology, namely ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke, also known as non-hemorrhagic stroke, occurs due to reduced blood and oxygen to the brain and often results in motor impairments such as hemiparesis, postural control deficits, abnormal gait patterns, and decreased selective movement ability. Damage to the basal ganglia plays a signicant role in movement coordination disorders following stroke. This study aimed to determina the effectiveness of physiotherapy management using the New Bobath Concept in improving postural control, gait patterns, and selective movement ability in a patient with left hemiparesis caused by ischemic stroke unvolving the right posterior basal ganglia. This study employed a case study design. Physiotherapy intervention was conducted using New Bobath Concept over six therapy session within a four-week period. Postural control was assessed using a postural grid, gait pattern changes were analyzed through gait pattern analysis, and selective movement ability was evaluated using the Modofied Motor Assessment Scale (MMAS). The results demostrated improvements in postural control and gait patterns, indicated by a reduction in circumduction during walking. Associative reaction movement began to decrease, although they were still briefly observed during the stance and swing phase. Selective upper extremity movement abiluty also improved, with MMAS scores increasing from 28 at the initial assessment (T1) to 42 at the final assessment (T6). These findings suggest that physiotherapy intervention using New Bobath Concept is effective in improving postural control, enhancing gait patterns, and increasing selective movement ability in patients with hemiparesis following ischemic stroke. The New Bobath Concept can be considered a relevant therapeutic approach in post-stroke rehabilitation to optimize functional recovery.

The role of sports in higher education extends beyond physical development, fostering essential life skills such as teamwork, resilience, and leadership. This research explores how athletic participation at the City College of Calamba (CCC) contributes to the holistic formation of future-ready graduates. Despite anecdotal evidence supporting the transformative impact of sports, there is limited empirical research on how these experiences shape long-term professional and personal development, particularly in the local context. This research aims to examine the influence of athletic involvement on the personal and professional growth of graduates, focusing on the development of teamwork, resilience, and leadership. It seeks to address gaps in understanding how sports participation equips students with skills that transcend the playing field, aligning with CCC’s mission to produce globally competitive and socially responsible professionals. A qualitative case study design was employed, analyzing responses from 20 alumni (2020–2024) who were student-athletes. Data were collected via Google Forms using open-ended questions, and thematic analysis was conducted following Braun and Clarke’s framework. The study explored themes related to discipline, leadership, resilience, and career readiness, grounded in the participants’ lived experiences. The findings reveal that athletic participation significantly enhances character formation, time management, and emotional resilience. Key themes include the transfer of teamwork skills to professional settings, the development of leadership through shared responsibilities, and the ability to overcome adversity. Graduates reported applying these competencies in education, public service, business management, and technical fields. The study also highlights the need for structured support systems to balance academic and athletic demands. This research contributes to institutional knowledge by demonstrating the long-term benefits of sports participation in higher education. It offers actionable insights for enhancing CCC’s athletic programs, emphasizing leadership development, mental health support, and alumni engagement. The study underscores the value of sports as a co-curricular platform for holistic student formation, aligning with global educational goals. The research limitations include a small, purposive sample and reliance on self-reported data, which may introduce bias. The absence of non-athlete comparisons and the retrospective nature of responses also constrain generalizability. Future study could employ mixed methods and longitudinal designs to validate findings.

Algebra is one of the fundamental subjects in secondary school mathematics education, but various studies show that students still often experience misconceptions, particularly in root form operations, which tend to persist even after formal instruction. One ability that is considered to have the potential to help students respond to these misconceptions is cognitive flexibility, which is the ability to use, compare, and switch between strategies adaptively. This case study aims to identify the characteristics of students' misconceptions in algebraic root operations and describe the role of cognitive flexibility in terms of variety, shifting, and justification/reflection. The study uses a qualitative approach with a contrastive case study design. Data were collected through a written test containing 12 root questions and semi-structured interviews based on stimulated recall. The analysis was conducted by combining mathematical correctness and cognitive flexibility scores with within-case and cross-case qualitative analysis. The results show that cognitive flexibility plays a role in responding to misconceptions, but its role is conditional. The novelty of this study lies in the finding that cognitive flexibility only contributes to the revision of misconceptions when supported by a strong conceptual understanding. Without this foundation, flexibility tends to produce procedural variations without meaningful conceptual change. The implication is that mathematics teachers need to design root form learning that not only encourages the use of various strategies but also emphasizes strategy comparison and conceptual reflection to help students reconstruct their understanding.

This study explores gendered communication patterns through the analysis of language features used by male and female characters in The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes movie. Employing Jennifer Coates’s (2015) framework, seven language features—minimal responses, hedges, tag questions, questions, commands and directives, swearing and taboo language, and compliments—were examined to identify distinctions in male and female speech. The study adopted a qualitative method with a case study design. A total of 143 male and 85 female utterances were analyzed. Findings indicate that male characters predominantly used questions (52.54%) and commands/directives (17.48%), reflecting a more assertive and directive communication style. In contrast, female characters employed more hedges (25.88%) and compliments (5.88%), suggesting a more cooperative and supportive style of interaction. These findings support Coates’s claim that male speech often emphasizes control and competitiveness, while female language tends to prioritize relational maintenance. This analysis not only illustrates how gendered language reinforces traditional gender ideologies but also demonstrates how dystopian media narratives can mirror broader societal power structures. By adopting a consistent theoretical lens, this research provides analytical rigor and enhances comparability between male and female speech. The study contributes to sociolinguistic scholarship by offering insights into the representation of gender in cinematic discourse and may inform future investigations into language, media, and identity construction.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that can be triggered by hereditary and environmental factors, such as exposure to cigarette smoke at home. Effective asthma management requires active family involvement in the care process. This study aims to identify nursing problems and provide interventions for families with a history of asthma using the Calgary Family Assessment Model (CFAM) approach, which consists of the dimensions of Structural Assessment, Developmental Assessment, and Functional Assessment. Meanwhile, the Calgary Family Intervention Model (CFIM) focuses on three main domains of Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral change as a conceptual framework. The research method used is descriptive with a case study design and the subjects in this study were one family with hereditary asthma selected using purposive sampling. This study was conducted from December 31, 2024, to January 22, 2025. The assessment was conducted for 15-30 minutes using the CFAM approach, which includes structural, developmental, and functional components of the family. The intervention was conducted using the CFAM approach across three domains: cognitive (education), affective (emotional counseling), and behavioral (lifestyle modification). The intervention involved education using easy-to-understand language and illustrated leaflets. Evaluation results showed increased family knowledge about asthma and the dangers of smoking, improved communication among family members, and a decrease in smoking frequency from six to three cigarettes per day. These findings suggest that implementing the CFAM and CFIM concepts can improve family health knowledge and support healthier behavior changes. This study recommends broader use of the CFAM and CFIM concepts in community-based family nursing practice.

The rapid growth of the digital economy has transformed Indonesia’s modest fashion retail landscape. While e-commerce provides convenience and market access, it creates a sensory gap—consumers’ inability to touch, feel, or try products before purchase. For SMEs like Aldiva, this heightens perceived risk, causing purchase hesitation and cart abandonment. Despite dual physical and digital channels, Aldiva’s operations remain siloed, failing to support customer webrooming (online search, offline purchase) due to inventory disconnections and misalignment. This study identifies internal/external drivers of Aldiva’s performance, assesses readiness, and formulates an integrated O2O strategy to bridge the sensory gap: a case study of Aldiva. Using a qualitative explanatory sequential single case study design grounded in the stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) framework, data came from semi-structured interviews with management and digitally active consumers, revealing operational silos and manual inventory as key hindrances amid rising webrooming opportunities. Aldiva holds high asset value via physical stores but low operational readiness. The proposed integrated online-to-offline (O2O) commerce strategy features real-time inventory integration, incentive alignment, and a secure click-and-collect (pick-up and fit) model. This positions stores as experience hubs, reduces risk, and builds sustainable competitive advantage.

Speaking ability in English is an essential communicative skill in responding to the demands of globalization; however, it remains a challenge for students in Indonesia, particularly at the Madrasah Aliyah level in rural areas. Low student participation in speaking English and the dominance of conventional teaching methods indicate the need for a more communicative and contextual learning approach. Therefore, this study aims to explore and describe the implementation of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in improving students’ speaking ability at Madrasah Aliyah Ittihadul Bayan Telaga Lebur Sekotong. This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. The data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with teachers and students, and documentation, and were analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that the implementation of CLT through communicative activities such as pair work, group discussions, and role play was able to enhance students’ courage, activeness, and self-confidence in speaking English. In addition, CLT created a more collaborative classroom atmosphere and encouraged students to perceive speaking as a process of communication rather than mere memorization. This study concludes that CLT is effectively implemented in the Madrasah Aliyah context and provides important implications for the development of more communicative English language teaching. Future research is recommended to examine the implementation of CLT in a broader madrasah context and to combine qualitative and quantitative approaches in order to obtain a more comprehensive understanding.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem among children under five, caused by prolonged malnutrition and recurrent infections, particularly during the first 1,000 days of life. Despite government programs such as supplementary feeding, stunting prevalence remains high. This study aims to understand the attitudes of high-risk pregnant women and mothers with stunted children. The data collection procedures and research approach have been clarified by specifying the qualitative case study design and the use of semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis. The participants included high-risk pregnant women in their first to third trimesters and mothers with children aged 0–5 years diagnosed with stunting. Participants were recruited after obtaining research approval from the faculty and relevant institutions. Eligible participants were identified and contacted through community health centers (Puskesmas) in accordance with the predefined inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that the success of stunting prevention in pregnant women and stunting management in mothers with young children is influenced by nutritional knowledge, positive maternal attitudes, and support from family, community health workers, and the government. Pregnant women emphasized prevention, while mothers with stunted children focused on improving their children’s condition. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, positive attitudes and behavioral control among mothers are key to forming healthy behaviors. Multi-stakeholder collaboration through nutrition education and support starting from pregnancy is crucial to reducing stunting.

The rapid transformation of the education sector, driven by advances in AI and evolving student needs, makes continuous professional development (PD) essential for teachers; yet, sustaining motivation for ongoing learning remains a significant challenge in resource-constrained contexts like Nigeria. This qualitative study explores how teachers in the ECHO Education Nigeria PD program perceive the value of their learning experiences and identifies the factors that motivate or discourage their participation and continued growth. Using a phenomenological case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with eight of the ten highest-scoring participants from a Value Creation Survey completed by more than sixty teachers. Findings reveal three main categories of motivational influences: factors that propel engagement, such as teachers’ desire to make a meaningful impact on their students and society and their commitment to staying current in their profession; factors that sustain engagement, including the mutual respect and sense of belonging fostered within the EEN PD social learning community and the resulting shifts in perception and teaching practice; and factors that hinder engagement, such as limited access to teaching resources, preference for in-person interaction, lack of administrative support, and broader systemic challenges within the education system. The study underscores the importance of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivators and emphasizes the need for professional development models that are collaborative, accessible, and responsive to local realities. Implications for educational leadership and policy include fostering supportive school cultures, improving technological access, and addressing systemic barriers to teachers’ ongoing development.

Introduction: Considerable attention has been directed towards implementing and strengthening community health management information systems (c-HMIS) in low-and middle-income countries. In 2012, the Zambian Ministry of Health with the support from the Clinton Health Access Initiative developed a c-HMIS. Guided by the by Atun’s framework for integrating interventions in health systems, we explored the acceptability and adoption of the c-HMIS in the community and district health system in Mpongwe District, Zambia. Methods: A qualitative case-study design was used to examine the integration process of the c-HMIS. Data were collected through phone-based in-depth interviews with 66 purposively selected participants from the community, facility, district, provincial, and national levels (including Neighborhood Health Committees leaders, community-based volunteers, community health assistants (CHAs), CHA supervisors, and Ministry of Health officials). Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The nature of the problem, which included the persistent issue of data quality deficiency motivated the Ministry of Health and stakeholders to adopt the c-HMIS. The attributes of the c-HMIS intervention such as the provision of data collection tools, training stakeholders in using these tools and the perceived simplicity of the c-HMIS facilitated the adoption process. Further, health system characteristics such as timely availability of data and improved health information feedback processes; as well as the broader adopting context such as community participation promoted community ownership of the c-HMIS. The c-HMIS implementation barriers included challenges with data collection tools and digital platforms. Conclusion: Overall, our findings indicate that while the c-HMIS has substantial potential to strengthen health information management systems, its sustained integration within the community and district health systems depends on leveraging some of the identified enablers and carefully addressing systemic, health system, and contextual barriers.

This research examines the instructional strategies employed by English instructors to enhance students’ speaking skills in a blended learning environment. Despite the fact that blended learning has been widely adopted in formal higher education settings, few studies have investigated how blended learning operates in small private English courses with diverse young adult learners. The purpose of this study is to identify the strategies used in designing blended speaking lessons and to examine its perceived impacts on student performance. A qualitative case study design was carried out which involved two experienced instructors teaching five speaking classes. The researchers collected the data through classroom observations and semi structured interviews. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of this study reveal three dominant strategies: task-based speaking cycles across online and offline modes, structured asynchronous practice using digital platforms, and personalized feedback loops. These strategies were perceived to improve students’ fluency, confidence, and autonomy by providing low pressure rehearsal spaces and targeted support. These demonstrate that effective blended speaking instruction depends more on intentional pedagogical design than on technological sophistication, particularly in contexts where the resources are limited. This research expands the current understanding of blended learning practices beyond higher education environments. Keywords: Blended Learning, Speaking Skills, English Language Teaching, Instructor Strategies, Students Performance

Digital transformation in the health sector places Electronic Medical Records (EMR) as an important component in strengthening integrated primary health care services. This study aims to analyze the conditions of EMR implementation, its effectiveness in supporting the integration of primary health care services, and to formulate follow-up strategies in Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) in the Sukabumi Regency. The study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review and case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with key stakeholders at Puskesmas and documentation studies of policies and official reports related to EMR. Data analysis was conducted descriptively and analytically using the Input–Process–Output–Outcome (IPOO) framework. The results showed that the implementation of EMR at Puskesmas in the Sukabumi Regency has been running and supports the integration of primary health services, but it is not yet optimal. The use of EMR is still partial and not yet fully integrated between service units. Limitations in digital infrastructure, human resource competencies, and system instability are the main obstacles at the input and process stages. In terms of output, EMR has increased the speed and accuracy of medical records, with an average data delivery rate to the SATUSEHAT platform of 74.13%, indicating sufficient integration effectiveness. However, the use of EMR data for health analysis and evidence-based decision-making is still limited. This study recommends strengthening human resource capacity, digital infrastructure, standardizing SOPs, integrating with SATUSEHAT, and promoting cross-sectoral synergy among local governments.Digital transformation in the health sector places Electronic Medical Records (EMR) as an important component in strengthening integrated primary health care services. This study aims to analyze the conditions of EMR implementation, its effectiveness in supporting the integration of primary health care services, and to formulate follow-up strategies in Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) in the Sukabumi Regency. The study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review and case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with key stakeholders at Puskesmas and documentation studies of policies and official reports related to EMR. Data analysis was conducted descriptively and analytically using the Input–Process–Output–Outcome (IPOO) framework. The results showed that the implementation of EMR at Puskesmas in the Sukabumi Regency has been running and supports the integration of primary health services, but it is not yet optimal. The use of EMR is still partial and not yet fully integrated between service units. Limitations in digital infrastructure, human resource competencies, and system instability are the main obstacles at the input and process stages. In terms of output, EMR has increased the speed and accuracy of medical records, with an average data delivery rate to the SATUSEHAT platform of 74.13%, indicating sufficient integration effectiveness. However, the use of EMR data for health analysis and evidence-based decision-making is still limited. This study recommends strengthening human resource capacity, digital infrastructure, standardizing SOPs, integrating with SATUSEHAT, and promoting cross-sectoral synergy among local governments.