Exploring the future of psychometrics from a Large Language Model perspective: A case study analysis

Poultry production sciences play a strategic role in enhancing food security and meeting the growing global demand for animal protein, while also contributing to sustainability. Understanding and leveraging consumer behaviors enables the development of flexible and sustainable production systems capable of effectively adapting to social changes and future market needs. This study aims to explore the strategic role of poultry production sciences in shaping the future of global food security and achieving sustainable development. A descriptive methodology was adopted, based on a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature, international reports from relevant organizations, and an analysis of global case studies. Studies were included if they examined the role of poultry production in meeting consumer demands and promoting sustainability. Studies not related to higher education or production contexts, or lacking methodological rigor or empirical evidence, were excluded. The findings indicate that integrating scientific research, applied education, and insights into consumer behavior enables poultry science programs to align graduates' skills with market demands, optimize production strategies, and enhance innovation, resilience, and sustainability across the sector. Additionally, Poultry science programs are a fundamental driver of scientific and technological advancement, linking research outcomes with market trends and consumer behavior, developing specialized human capital, and supporting evidence-based policymaking to enhance the resilience of global food systems. The study also emphasizes the importance of understanding consumer behavior as a strategic tool that enables producers, decision-makers, and agricultural policymakers to translate these insights into innovative and sustainable production practices, thereby boosting competitiveness, meeting future demand, and maintaining a balance between profitability, quality, and social and environmental responsibility. Moreover, the study recommends fostering collaboration among policymakers, producers, and academic institutions through joint initiatives and measurable monitoring systems to develop forward-looking strategies and awareness programs, thereby embedding resilience and sustainability as core pillars for the long-term advancement of the global poultry industry.

Extensive critique of the evidence-based policy paradigm has led to new ways of considering the role of evidence; for example Katherine Smith suggests that "ideas" rather than evidence mediate "the relationship between research and policy". In this paper, we used Smith's typology on "ideas" to explore how this can be applied to a case of Australian policy making: a police diversion scheme for simple possession of drugs. We aimed to analyse the idea's journey into policy in one Australian jurisdiction (New South Wales) and assess its fit with the four different types of ideas outlined by Smith. Qualitative case study analysis using data from New South Wales, Australia, over the period 2018 to 2024. Multiple data sources were used: interviews with stakeholders (n = 26), documents [reports, non-governmental organization (NGO) advocacy documents], media and official reports of a Drug Summit. Each data source was searched for narration/text concerned with police diversion in addition to decriminalisation, extracted and analysed against Smith's typology. Features of 'institutionalised ideas' suggest that police diversion is not an institutionalised idea. It appears in this case to be a 'chameleonic idea' inasmuch as its characteristics change and are malleably deployed by different stakeholders with different interests. 'Flexian policy actors' (including police, government officials, advocates and researchers) are able to interpret, transform and shape the meaning of police diversion to suit their interests and commitments. Despite evidence synthesis and expert review recommending police diversion as a second-best option to decriminalisation, it was taken up into policy. We suggest this is because of its chameleonic nature, serving simultaneously at the hands of different policy actors as a roadblock to decriminalisation and as a Trojan horse for decriminalisation reform whilst also obscuring tensions between police diversion and decriminalisation. Applying Katherine Smith's typology of ideas to an Australian police diversion scheme for simple possession of drugs shows that the scheme is not an institutionalised idea but rather a chameleonic idea. Smith's typology of ideas adds another layer to policy process frameworks, enhancing analysis seeking to understand the uptake of ideas into policy.

The role of government policy in reducing road carnage: evidence from Zimbabwe’s public passenger transport sector

The digital transformation of Human Resource Management has fundamentally restructured how modern organizations attract, evaluate, and onboard talent. Technology-driven recruitment and selection—encompassing Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS), Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered screening, video-based interviews, gamified assessments, and data analytics—has emerged as a strategic imperative for organizations seeking competitive advantage in talent acquisition. This research paper examines the effectiveness of these technology-driven practices, with particular reference to organizations operating in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India, while situating findings within the broader national and global context of HR technology adoption. Employing a mixed-methods research design, this study combines a quantitative survey of 150 HR professionals and recruiters across manufacturing, IT, banking, and education sectors with qualitative case study analysis of four organizations in ChhatrapatiSambhajinagar that have implemented structured HR technology solutions. Key findings indicate that organizations adopting integrated technology-driven recruitment platforms experienced an average reduction in time-to-hire of 38%, a 45% improvement in candidate quality as measured by first-year performance ratings, and a 52% reduction in cost-per-hire relative to traditional methods. AI-powered resume screening reduced initial shortlisting time by 64%, while video interview platforms improved recruiter productivity by 41%. However, the study also identifies significant implementation challenges, including algorithmic bias, digital divide concerns, data privacy risks, and low technology readiness among HR teams in Tier 2 cities. This research synthesizes findings into the Technology-Enabled Recruitment Optimization Framework (TEROF), a structured implementation model designed to guide organizations through the phased adoption of recruitment technology. Recommendations are provided for HR practitioners, technology vendors, organizational leaders, and policymakers invested in advancing equitable, efficient, and evidence-based recruitment practices in India's evolving employment landscape

The exponential growth of organizational data across industries has created an urgent need for effective tools that convert raw data into actionable intelligence. Decision Support Systems (DSS), traditionally reliant on static reporting and spreadsheet-based analysis, have undergone a fundamental transformation with the integration of interactive visualization platforms. This research paper investigates the deployment of Microsoft Power BI as a visualization-based Decision Support System (V-DSS) across organizations in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India, with a focus on how real-time dashboards, interactive data models, and AI-enhanced visual analytics enhance managerial decision-making quality, speed, and confidence. Employing a mixed-methods research design combining a structured survey of 135 managers, analysts, and business intelligence professionals with qualitative case study analysis of four organizations in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, the study documents significant improvements in decision-making cycle time (average 39% reduction), report generation time (average 67% reduction), and managerial confidence in data-driven decisions (from 51% to 84% among high Power BI adopters). Key Power BI capabilities driving these outcomes include the DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) formula engine, Power Query data transformation, natural language Q&A queries, and custom visual integration. The study introduces the Visualization-Decision Effectiveness Framework (VDEF) as a structured implementation model, while identifying critical barriers including data governance gaps, Power BI licensing costs, and organizational resistance to self-service analytics cultural change

The rapid expansion of global tourism has positioned emerging tourist destinations as significant contributors to regional and national economic growth. However, the pace and sustainability of such development are deeply influenced by a variety of geographical factors. This study explores how key geographical elements—including natural landscapes, climate, accessibility, and resource distribution—shape the economic trajectories of emerging tourist areas. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative analysis of case studies from different continents with quantitative assessments of tourism-related economic indicators. The findings reveal that destinations endowed with unique or attractive natural features, such as mountains, coastlines, forests, and biodiversity hotspots, tend to attract greater tourist flows, which in turn fosters job creation, infrastructure development, and increased investment. Climate and seasonality play a crucial role, as favorable weather conditions can extend the tourist season and stabilize local economies. Accessibility, determined by the quality of transport infrastructure and proximity to major markets, emerges as another critical factor, often distinguishing thriving destinations from those struggling to reach their potential. The study also highlights the interplay between geography and cultural assets, noting that regions with rich historical and cultural heritage can leverage these resources for economic gain, provided they are supported by sustainable management practices.

This article analyzes the learning outcomes developed through reflective practice in the Design Studio course in university architectural education, conceived as a reflective practicum. Based on a qualitative case study and inductive data analysis, it explores students’ perceptions of changes in their ways of thinking, acting, and learning during their professional preparation. Such findings reveal interrelated learning across the cognitive, affective-motivational, self-regulatory, and social spheres. At the cognitive level, improvements are observed in higher-order thinking processes and in more analytical and holistic problem-solving strategies. In the affective-motivational domain, students develop greater self-regulation, learning habits, and attitudes, as well as a positive and persistent disposition toward the task. Likewise, at the social level, openness to dialogue, cooperation, and the co-construction of knowledge are strengthened. The multidimensionality of these results allows for an understanding of reflective practice as an integral formative process in higher education contexts, articulating personal, intersubjective, and professional dimensions.

This study examines the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into liberal drug policy frameworks, focusing on its emerging applications, normative implications, and governance challenges. Drawing on an intersection-focused qualitative evidence synthesis combined with comparative case study analysis, the study synthesizes emerging applications in drug-use monitoring, regulated supply-chain oversight, and harm reduction. While AI offers significant potential to enhance policy responsiveness and regulatory efficiency, its deployment also raises critical concerns related to algorithmic bias, data protection, and institutional accountability. To address these tensions, the study proposes a multidimensional evaluative framework based on five criteria: effectiveness, fairness, transparency, privacy protection, and ethical alignment. The findings underscore the need for context-sensitive regulatory mechanisms that safeguard human rights, enable participatory oversight, and mitigate algorithmic harms. By integrating normative theory with structured evidence screening and comparative analysis, the study contributes a conceptually grounded framework for evaluating AI-driven governance in high-stakes public health and regulatory contexts.

Purpose This study aims to deepen the taxonomy of Ecojurisprudence cases by providing the first global analysis of “legally living rivers.” By legally living rivers, the study refers to any river recognized as “living” in law. The study argues that these rivers constitute an under-examined subsection of River Ecojurisprudence, composing 16 of the total 69 enacted River Ecojurisprudence cases globally (Eco Jurisprudence Monitor). To deepen the concept of a legally living river in governance, the authors’ global analysis is followed by a case study of the environmental governance of a legally living river in Australia, whose living status is enacted in the Yarra River Protection (Wilip-gin Birrarung murron) Act 2017. Design/methodology/approach The research has two parts. First, in an inductive and comparative legal analysis of 16 legally living river cases, the authors assess their text, context and structure, thereby building on the taxonomy and data sets developed by Putzer et al. (2022 & 2025) and Kauffman and Martin (2021). Second, under the framework of the evolved taxonomy, the authors developed an in-depth case study of the legally recognized “living and integrated” Birrarung (Yarra River) in the Australian State of Victoria. The Birrarung is chosen as a case study due to its notable position within the set of legally living rivers: the law creates a living status, but does not acknowledge rights or personhood for the river, characteristics generally associated with Ecojurisprudence. The case study analysis combines a doctrinal analysis of the Act and its associated deliverables with a synthesis of the academic literature, demonstrating what a taxonomy-based case study reveals about legally living river governance. Findings Legally living rivers occur globally and are established by diverse actors, including national, local and Indigenous legislators, or courts. Within the 16 cases the taxonomy identifies important nuances in the usage of the constructs of legal personhood, legal subjectivity, rights and representation. Noticeably, legally living status neither guarantees status as a legal person or subject nor representation or rights. In the Yarra River Protection (Wilip-gin Birrarung murron) Act 2017 case study, the authors evaluate the design and implementation of the living river status in governance, using the expanded taxonomy, discussing key elements and identifying takeaways. They discuss how studying the implementation of an Ecojurisprudence case provides deeper insights and identifies the need for implementation evaluation frameworks. Originality/value As planetary crises mount and human well-being suffers, Ecojurisprudence has been growing in practice as a response to calls for the law to adapt. This paper (1) contributes to the ability to better analyze Ecojurisprudence through the expanded taxonomy, (2) highlights, through the emerging category of legally living rivers, how a relational theory of change can use different legal pathways, and (3) draws attention to the need for robust implementation evaluation frameworks for governance to understand whether Ecojurisprudence and its relational theory of change result in the desired outcomes.

In recent years, the global economy has entered a period of slower growth, weaker consumption, and heightened financial volatility. During the economic downturn after 2020, the real estate finance was significantly affected by the macro environment and has been under increasing pressure. This paper examines the transmission channels of financing shocks caused by the downturn, through which macroeconomic stress is passed on to real estate-related financial markets. The study mainly adopts qualitative research, literature review, case study and descriptive data analysis. Market indicators and real case evidence are chosen to support the theoretical reasoning, including information about investment overview, house pricing index, delinquency rates, CMBS issuance and examples of responding policies. The paper finds that the difficulties in real estate finance are mainly from cash-flow shocks, tighter financing and credit conditions, and increasing risk premia. These factors weaken market funding conditions and undermine market expectations, pushing the sector into distress. Specifically, depending more heavily on operational income and refinancing conditions. Commercial real estate is more vulnerable to the downturn. Although financial policies can ease short-term liquidity and credit stress, they cannot solve the structural changes and produce a full recovery.

Social entrepreneurship in Africa is increasingly shaped by policy environments that influence the capacity of social ventures to emerge, scale, and generate sustainable social impact within complex socio-economic and institutional contexts. This study examines how social entrepreneurship policies influence venture creation and growth across African countries by identifying enabling and constraining policy variables within the social entrepreneurial ecosystem. To provide ecosystem stakeholders with valuable insights to support sustainable development and address critical social challenges in Africa. The study employed a qualitative research design, employing a literature review and comparative case study analysis to evaluate policy instruments, including tax incentives, grants, regulatory frameworks, and institutional support mechanisms. It focuses on government measures that effectively encourage venture creation and social impact. The findings reveal that coherent regulatory structures, targeted financial incentives, and supportive governance frameworks significantly enhance social venture creation, while policy fragmentation, bureaucratic barriers, and weak institutional coordination impede ecosystem development. The study provides policymakers, practitioners, and investors with evidence-based insights to strengthen social entrepreneurship ecosystems through inclusive policy design, enabling sustainable development outcomes and scalable community-level social impact across Africa.

High-altitude border infrastructure warrants consideration as an instrument of critical force multiplier that increases the ability of the military to be mobile, sustaining and ready to act. This paper discusses the strategic value of a road network, the Border Roads Organisation (BRO), road network within Himachal Pradesh, an important industry of the Indian northern frontier. It adopts a qualitative mixed-methods approach, drawing on secondary literature, policy reports, and case study analysis. The paper assesses the role of the road and tunnel infrastructure in the military logistics under the extreme terrain condition. The problem of the research is the conflict between the deepening of the strategic continuity and the limitations of weak Himalayan geography, such as landslides, avalanches, and seasonal destabilization. Results show that the BRO infrastructure has a great impact on cutting response time by a huge margin, improvement of accessing it all year long and increasing logistical efficiency thus intensifying force projection. But long-standing resilience weak spots, including vulnerability of infrastructure, maintenance issues and incompetence in governance, constrain its performance as a continuously enhancing force multiplier. The paper goes on to point out socio-environmental trade-offs that are coupled with infrastructure development at a high-speed. The policy implications have included the idea that the engineering solutions should be resilient; the civil-military planning undertakings should be combined with the infrastructure governance based on the life-cycle to guarantee the existence of the high-altitude environments in operational terms.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the most challenging global events for architecture. It has had profound impacts on architectural processes, priorities, and clients' demands. In response, this study explores the changes in the field of architecture caused by the ongoing pandemic. The research utilizes a mixed-method strategy, encompassing literature analysis, a primary survey (n=109), a case study analysis, and an interview. The results show a substantial tendency towards designing health-focused buildings, where ventilation, sanitation, and flexibility are prioritized. Moreover, the usage of digital technologies and interdisciplinary cooperation is becoming more prevalent. It should be noted that the design techniques developed amid the pandemic will remain relevant in the future, setting new standards in the field.

This qualitative study examines the under‑researched intersection between workplace policies and the sandwich generation’s work‑life collision and associated mental health/productivity challenges among those simultaneously caring for children and aging parents. Using in‑depth interviews and organizational case study analysis, the study explores how current corporate well‑being initiatives often fail to address structural caregiving burdens. The study conceptualizes these experiences as a form of work‑life collision, highlighting how caregiver strain is shaped by organizational accountability systems (e.g., flexibility, leave, and disclosure practices). Thematic analysis reveals three critical gaps: (i) the mismatch between performative wellness programs and structural caregiving needs, (ii) corporate blind spots in recognizing non‑visible caregiver stressors, and (iii) uneven corporate accountability mechanisms that leave sandwich‑generation workers at heightened risk. Findings demonstrate that organizations that prioritize genuine flexibility (e.g., caregiver ERGs, subsidized eldercare) experience significantly lower turnover among mid‑career professionals. The study contributes to the HR policy and corporate accountability literatures by proposing a framework for caregiver‑inclusive workplace design and challenging the “ideal worker” paradigm that dominates corporate culture.

ABSTRACT This article explores the gendered dynamics of skilled Italian women’s migration through a multi-sited complementary case study analysis of two distinct contexts, intra-European mobility to Ireland and extra-European mobility to Canada. Drawing on feminist theoretical frameworks and life-history interviews, the study investigates how socio-cultural norms and structural inequalities shape the experiences of highly educated migrant women. Despite their qualifications and professional aspirations, participants recounted persistent gendered constraints, including deskilling, limited career progression, and enduring caregiving responsibilities. Transnational family dynamics emerged as a double-edged reality, providing emotional and practical support while also reinforcing gendered expectations and obligations across borders. In both Ireland and Canada, aspirations for autonomy are not abandoned but become fragile reference points negotiated against enduring relational obligations, producing cumulative disadvantage and institutionalised misrecognition. The article contributes to debates on skilled migration by foregrounding care as a structuring force in North–North mobility, challenging assumptions that formal mobility regimes translate into gender-neutral outcomes.

Rapid urbanisation necessitates reconsidering conventional urban management strategies and embracing creative alternatives for sustainable development due to rapid urbanisation and growing environmental challenges, including climate change, air pollution, and resource scarcity, which are mounting environmental concerns. In this regard, the idea of "smart cities" has surfaced as a strategic framework for enhancing urban efficiency via data-driven governance, digital technology, and intelligent infrastructure systems. This study looks at how digital infrastructure, artificial intelligence, and governance frameworks can be integrated into existing cities to create smart and sustainable urban systems. A comparative case study analysis of Barcelona, Singapore, Dubai, and Baghdad is used in conjunction with a conceptual integration technique. Infrastructure, data systems, artificial intelligence, and governance are the four interconnected layers that make up the study's Smart City Transformation Framework. The results emphasise how crucial data-driven decision-making, adaptive governance, and legacy infrastructure integration are to attaining sustainable urban change. The report also highlights important issues, such as data ethics, energy demands, and sociopolitical limitations. By presenting a multi-layered, context-sensitive model for changing existing cities, the suggested framework advances urban theory.

The global retail industry is being reshaped by margin pressure, omnichannel competition, and changing customer expectations. Within this environment, Costco is an important case because it combines a low-price warehouse model with strong customer retention and relatively stable profitability. This paper examines Costco's financial performance and strategic outlook through a case study and comparative analysis. The analysis draws on recent retail literature and on the 2022-2024 annual reports of Costco, Walmart, and Target. Three analytical dimensions are emphasized: the economics of the membership model, operational efficiency, and the strategic implications of digital transformation and international localization. The findings indicate that Costco's strength does not come from high merchandise margins. Instead, it is created by the interaction of low-margin pricing, rapid inventory turnover, high member renewal, and disciplined human-capital investment. Membership fees remain a major earnings stabilizer, while operational efficiency allows the company to compete aggressively on price. At the same time, important risks remain, especially market saturation in mature regions, slower digital development relative to major rivals, and the need for deeper localization in overseas markets. The essay concludes that Costco's long-term resilience will depend on preserving its membership value proposition while accelerating technology adoption and locally responsive expansion.

Background: Arsenic exposure is a recognized cause of peripheral neuropathy; however, data regarding arsenic toxicity in geriatric populations-particularly among residents of personal care and long-term care facilities-remain sparse. Case Presentation: We describe a 96-year-old female residing in a personal care facility who presented with progressive lower-extremity neuropathy and was found to have markedly elevated inorganic arsenic levels in blood and urine despite no identifiable shared environmental source. Discussion: A comprehensive investigation revealed no facility-wide exposure. Dietary modification and nutritional supplementation resulted in normalization of arsenic levels, suggesting impaired arsenic metabolism potentially related to AS3MT genetic polymorphism. This case raised critical operational and ethical questions regarding institutional response to isolated toxicologic findings. Conclusion: This case highlights the complexity of arsenic toxicity in advanced age and underscores the need for structured guidance for long-term care facilities when elevated arsenic levels are identified in individual residents.

ABSTRACT This research investigates the integration of Service-Learning (SL) as an educational approach to promote sustainability and environmental protection within the Avanguardie Educative (AE) Movement, an Italian initiative for educational innovation. Recognising the limitations of traditional schooling models, AE emphasises innovative pedagogical and organisational practices, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study focuses on school experiences within the ‘Inside/Outside School – Service Learning’ framework, exploring how these initiatives connect local and global issues. Employing qualitative methods, including document analysis of school plans and case studies of 248 schools, the research examines how SL pathways are developed in diverse contexts. Findings reveal that SL projects are not merely didactic strategies but offer opportunities for schools to position themselves within a broader global educational framework, addressing some SDG goals. The research highlights the importance of curricular integration, community partnerships, and SDGs alignment in fostering student engagement and social responsibility. While acknowledging limitations related to generalisability and direct impact measurement, this study underscores the potential of SL to transform educational practices and contribute to a more sustainable and equitable future. Future research should explore diverse contexts and investigate the impact of contextual factors on SL implementation.