Cases Of Anemia Research Articles

Don't neglect the rare adverse event with intravenous immunoglobulin: Hemolytic anemia.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) associated hemolytic anemia is an under-recognized complication of IVIG therapy. The incidence of this adverse event is not clear. Patients at high risk for IVIG-associated hemolytic anemia include non-O blood group recipients and those undergoing high-dose administration for inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. Here, two different cases of IVIG-associated hemolytic anemia are demonstrated. The first patient, a 66year-old male with Guillain-Barré syndrome, had a severe attack for which erythrocyte replacement was required. Mild hemolysis was detected during IVIG administration in the second patient, a 57year-old female with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Following IVIG termination, the hemolysis diminished gradually. Although it is rare and often manageable, clinicians should be aware of and monitor patients for hemolytic anemia following IVIG therapy.

Anemia: Prevalence and Characteristics Among Koranic School Children in Dakar, Senegal

Background and objectives: Anemia are highly prevalent among two billion people in the world. It affects especially low-middle income countries where prevalence of 50% are found in children under 4 years old and 45% in school children. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency among children in Koranic schools. Materials and methods: We led a retrospective, cross-sectional study, from January 2018 to October 2018, conducted in some Koranic schools of Dakar (Capital of Senegal) and at Hematology and Biochemistry departments of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS software (version 20). Results: Our sample contained 833 boarders from Koranic schools in the urban and semi-urban areas of Dakar, aged between 3 and 15 years and predominantly male. Asthenia was the most common sign found in 44.7% followed by perleche and pruritus in respectively 37.8% and 20.8% of cases. Out of 833 Koranic school residents, 98 had a hemoglobin level below the WHO threshold, accounting for a prevalence of anemia at 11.76%. The anemia was mild in the majority of cases (60.2%) and severe in only 2.04% of cases. The risk of anemia did not depend on the age or sex of the child, but its severity was significantly associated with the female sex (p = 0.019). The anemia found in the children was predominantly hypochromic microcytic (67.3%). Serum iron and Ferritinemia performed in 54 of the 66 cases of microcytic anemia showed iron deficiency anemia in 59.26% of cases and inflammatory anemia or hemoglobinopathy in the other cases of microcytic anemia. Conclusion: At the end of this study, we found a prevalence of anemia of about 11.76% among children in Koranic schools in the Dakar region. This shows that anemia is still a public health concern.

Predictors of Incidence and Remission of Anemia among Never-Married Adolescents Aged 10–19 Years: A Population-Based Prospective Longitudinal Study in India

BackgroundDynamics of the anemia burden among Indian adolescents are poorly understood because of a lack of population-based longitudinal data. ObjectivesTo examine the burden of anemia among never-married adolescents aged 10–19 y from the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India, and a wide range of predictors of its incidence and remission. MethodsA sample of 3279 adolescents (male: 1787 and female: 1492) aged 10–19 y were included from baseline (2015–2016) and follow-up (2018–2019) surveys of the UDAYA (Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults) project in India. In 2018–2019, all new cases of anemia were considered as incidence, whereas a return to the nonanemic status from being anemic in 2015–2016 was considered remission. Univariate and multivariable modified Poisson regression models with robust error variance were deployed to attain the study objective. ResultsThe crude prevalence of anemia among males decreased from 33.9% (95% CI: 30.7%–37.3%) in 2015–2016 to 31.6% (95% CI: 28.6%–34.7%) in 2018–2019 but increased among females from 57.7% (95% CI: 53.5%–61.7%) in 2015–2016 to 63.8% (95% CI: 59.9%–67.5%) in 2018–2019. Anemia incidence was estimated to be 33.7% (95% CI: 30.3%–37.2%), whereas nearly 38.5% (95% CI: 35.1%–42.1%) of adolescents experienced remission of anemia. Older adolescents (aged 15–19 y) were less likely to experience anemia incidence. Consumption of eggs daily or weekly was negatively associated with anemia incidence compared with occasional or never consumption. Females had a higher risk of experiencing an incidence of anemia and decreased risk of experiencing anemia remission. The likelihood of adolescents experiencing anemia increased with an increased patient health questionnaire score. Household size was also associated with an increased risk of anemia incidence. ConclusionsInterventions that are sensitive to socio-demographic factors and encouraging access to mental health services and nutritious food consumption could be helpful in further anemia mitigation.

1LocusSim a mobile-friendly simulator for teaching population genetics.

Biology students often struggle with the fundamental concepts of evolutionary genetics, including genetic drift, mutation and selection. To address this problem, 1LocusSim was developed to simulate the interaction of different factors, such as population size, mutation, selection and dominance, to study their effect on allelic frequency during evolution. With 1LocusSim, students can compare theoretical results with simulation outputs and solve and analyze different problems of population genetics. The 1LocusSim web has a responsive design which means that it has been specifically designed to be used on smartphones. To demonstrate its use, I review the classical overdominance model of population genetics and highlight a characteristic that is often not explicitly stated. Specifically, it is emphasized that the equilibrium of the model does not depend on the homozygous selection coefficients but rather on the ratio of the selection coefficients. This is already clear from the classical formula but maybe not so much for students. Also it implies that the equilibrium can be expressed solely in terms of the dominance coefficient h. To verify this theoretical prediction, I utilize the simulator and calculate the equilibrium for the well-known case of sickle cell anemia. By utilizing this tool, students can learn at their own pace and convenience, anywhere and anytime. 1LocusSim if freely available at https://1LocusSim-biosdev.pythonanywhere.com/. Website implemented under the Bottle micro web-framework for Python, with all major browsers supported. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.

Thrombotic Microangiopathy in the Setting of Colorectal Cancer: A Therapeutic Challenge with a Bad Prognosis

While most cases of thrombotic microangiopathic hemolytic anemias are idiopathic, some can occur in the setting of a malignancy. Differentiating both conditions is crucial to initiate the appropriate treatment. In this case report and literature review, we discuss the occurrence of a thrombotic microangiopathy in a 61-year-old male patient with a treatment-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer invading his bone marrow. Plasmapheresis does not constitute the mainstay of treatment in this setting, as targeting the primary disease is the ultimate management. Treating the condition of our patient has been challenging as multiple lines of treatments of his primary disease had been exhausted. The discrepancy in KRAs status obtained between PCR and later NGS offered a new treatment line with Cetuximab. In this article, we will discuss the different factors that differentiate between idiopathic and cancer-induced microangiopathy. We will emphasize on the fact that the treatment of the primary disease constitutes the most important step in the treatment of cancer-induced thrombotic microangiopathy. We will also raise several explanations to target the disagreement in KRAS status obtained by the different technical modalities.

Hematologic Abnormalities After COVID-19 Infection: A Case of Coombs-Negative Hemolytic Anemia and Thrombocytopenia.

The occurrence of hemolytic anemia in patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection has been documented in medical literature. While relatively uncommon, there have been instances where this condition presents as a Coombs-negative hemolytic anemia. In this research study, we report a distinctive case of Coombs-negative hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia in a patient with a known history of COVID-19 infection. The patient demonstrated a favorable response to treatment involving the administration of steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. This case adds to the existing body of evidence regarding the hematological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting the importance of considering and managing hematological complications in patients with COVID-19.

Differences in Ferritin and Hemoglobin Levels Before and After Administration of Iron Sucrose Injection to Second or Third Trimester Pregnant Women at Araskabu Public Health Center, Deli Serdang

BACKGROUND: Anemia cases in pregnant women in Indonesia are still high because pregnant women do not routinely take iron supplements or often referred as Tablet Tambah Darah because of the side effects it causes. An alternative to this problem is the intravenous administration of iron sucrose. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine differences in ferritin and hemoglobin (Hb) levels before and after administration of iron sucrose injection to pregnant women in the second or third trimester at Araskabu Public Health Center, Deli Serdang. METHODS: This is an analytical study with a Quasi-Experimental Pre-Post Design for Second or Third Trimester Pregnant Women at Araskabu Public Health Center, Deli Serdang which was carried out in April 2022 by blood sampling and administration of iron sucrose injection intravenously, and then blood sampling was repeated 14 days after the injection in May 2022. The subjects in this study were 25 pregnant women aged 20–40 years who had antenatal care selected using the Consecutive Sampling technique. The difference in the mean of ferritin and Hb was analyzed using the paired t-test if the data are normally distributed and the Wilcoxon test if the data are not normally distributed. The results were significant if p < 0.001. The Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to examine the difference between two or more sample groups. The results of the analysis were significant if p < 0.050. RESULTS: The mean ferritin level before administration of iron sucrose injection to pregnant women in this study was 18.97 ± 8.284 g/L and the mean ferritin level after iron sucrose injection was 98.95 ± 18.878 g/L. The mean increase in ferritin levels after injection of iron sucrose was 79.97 ± 19.77 g/L. The mean Hb level before administration of iron sucrose injection to pregnant women in this study was 10.13 ± 0.386 g/dL and the mean Hb level after administration was 12.01 ± 0.723 g/dL. The mean increase in Hb levels after injection of iron sucrose was 1.88 ± 0.68 g/dL. CONCLUSIONS: Iron sucrose injection can significantly increase ferritin and Hb levels.

В12-дефицитная анемия в сочетании с активной цитомегаловирусной инфекцией у ребенка одного года

The article presents a clinical case of B12-deficiency anemia in combination with active cytomegalovirus infection in a one-year-old child. This type of anemia is extremely rare in childhood, under certain circumstances, including the enthusiasm for restrictive diets among young patients’ mothers. In the described case, severe megaloblastic macrocytic anemia was combined with generalized cytomegalovirus infection, which aggravated the course and prognosis of the disease. These pathologies led to damage of the central nervous system with a tempo neurological deficit, as well as the development of protein-energy insufficiency. Complex therapy included hemotransfusion of erythrocyte mass, injections of anticytomegalovirus immunoglobulin and cyanocobalamin. The general condition of the child improved, recovery of previously lost skills and significant positive laboratory dynamics were noted after the therapy.

Severe anemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis resembling Sweet’s syndrome in a dog

Sweet’s syndrome is a rare inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of neutrophilic infiltrate of the skin. We describe a case of severe anemia and neutrophilia with post-mortem findings resembling Sweet's syndrome in a five-years-old female Labrador Retriever with bilateral epistaxis, hematemesis, hyporexia, pale oral mucosa, and fever. Laboratory analysis evidenced severe unresponsive anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytosis. Biochemistry showed hypoalbuminemia and increased ALT and SAP activities. The patient was transfused and received doxycycline and prednisone for one week without improvement. Two further blood transfusions were administered. Bone marrow analysis showed a mild erythroid hypoplasia, granulocytic hyperplasia, myeloid to erythroid ratio of 6.01:1 (reference: 0.9:1 – 1.76:1) without dysplasia, mild megakaryocytic hyperplasia, and increased iron stores. Macrophages were slightly increased in number with erythrophagocytosis, and immune-mediated anemia was considered. Immunosuppressive treatment was prescribed to reduce red blood cell destruction, but no improvement after one week was observed, and euthanasia was performed. Necroscopic findings resembled those described for the systemic form of Sweet's Syndrome. Bone marrow histopathology showed remarkably increased granulopoiesis and destruction of platelets and erythrocytes. Sweet's syndrome is frequently associated with hematologic malignancy or drug exposure. Leukemia was excluded after bone marrow analysis because no increase in blast population was seen as well as no signs of dysplasia. Previous treatment could be related to the development of Sweet's syndrome, which might be the primary event. Although rare, this syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dermatosis and leukocytosis when infectious agents are not identified.

Retrospective cross-sectional study of 34 cases of pernicious anemia at Mohammed V Military Training Hospital, Morocco.

pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disease characterized by atrophic gastritis due to malabsorption of vitamin B12. Certain oral manifestations, such as Hunter´s glossitis and burning mouth syndrome, may precede the onset of this anemia. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical presentation, para-clinical aspects, the treatment, and the evolution of the pernicious anemia (PA) after treatment. retrospective study conducted at the Department of Haematology and Internal Medicine B of the Mohammed V Military Training Hospital in Rabat between January 2009 and December 2018. Thirty-four patients were enrolled with vitamin B12 deficiency, non-regenerative macrocytic anemia, a positive anti-intrinsic factor antibody and anti-parietal cell antibody and a histological diagnosis of atrophic gastritis in the presence or not of Helicobacter pylori. The qualitative variables were expressed in numbers and percentages, and the quantitative variables in mean and standard deviation. Multivariate analysis used the Fischer test; it was considered significant for a p < 0.05 value. thirty-four cases were studied; the population study consists of 56% (n=19) of men and 44% (n=15) of women. The average age was 54.88± 9.14. The clinical manifestations of pernicious anemia are dominated by megaloblastic anemia 85.3% (n=29), followed by digestive 58.8%(n=20) and oral 55.9% (n=19) signs. Neurological manifestations were rarely found in 41% (n=14). Hunter´s glossitis 37% (n=7), stomatodynia 11% (n=2) were the most common oral manifestations accompanying pernicious anemia. The evolution was favorable in 79.4% (n=27) patients under substitution therapy with vitamin B12. dentists´ involvement in the diagnosis of pernicious anemia is based on changes in oral mucous membranes, which have been reported in 55.9% of all patients. These oral changes may occur in the absence of symptomatic anemia.

An extremely rare case of Rogers syndrome or thiamine responsive megaloblastic anemia.

Rogers syndrome is an extremely rare autosomal recessive syndrome of which only 100 cases are known worldwide. It is characterized by thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anaemia, diabetes mellitus and sensorineural deafness. It results from the deficiency of a thiamine transporter protein. We herein report a 16-year-old Indian male referred to our centre with complaints of refractory anaemia, deafness, diabetes pulmonary arterial hypertension and tricuspid regurgitation. Based on the clinical features and haematologic picture and dramatic response of anaemia to thiamine therapy the possibility of a TRMA was considered. Sequencing analysis for TRMA revealed a homozygous c.242dup (p.Tyr81Ter) mutation of the SLC19A2 gene.

Effect of megaloblastic anemia on hemoglobin A2 and diagnosis of β-thalassemia trait

β-thalassemia trait is usually diagnosed by raised hemoglobin A2 (HbA2). The presence of megaloblastic anemia can cause an increase in HbA2 and create a diagnostic dilemma. Here, we have analyzed the effect of vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation on HbA2 and diagnosis of β-thalassemia trait in cases of megaloblastic anemia with raised HbA2. Cases of megaloblastic anemia with raised HbA2 on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were supplemented with vitamin B12 and folic acid. Post-treatment evaluation was done after 2 months. Cases showing adequate hematological response were subjected to statistical analysis. Based on post-treatment HbA2 value, the cases were diagnosed as normal, borderline raised HbA2, or β-thalassemia trait. Pre- and post-treatment values of red cell parameters and HbA2 were analyzed. There was a significant decrease in HbA2 value after vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation. The diagnosis was changed in 70.97% of the cases after treatment. The chance of inconclusive diagnosis was decreased from more than 50% to less than 10%. Pre-treatment mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and HbA2% showed a significant difference between the thalassemic and normal groups. Megaloblastic anemia can lead to false-positive diagnosis of β-thalassemia trait on HPLC. Repeat HPLC should be done after adequate supplementation of vitamin B12 and folic acid in cases of megaloblastic anemia with raised HbA2. Red cell parameters are not helpful to suspect β-thalassemia trait in presence of megaloblastic anemia. However, HbA2% on HPLC can be a useful parameter to suspect or exclude β-thalassemia trait in cases of megaloblastic anemia.

幽门螺旋杆菌感染引起缺铁性贫血1例

幽门螺旋杆菌感染引起缺铁性贫血1例

Factors Affecting Anemia in Pregnancy Women in Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos State, Nigeria.

Anemia progresses due to low red blood cells counts or hemoglobin. The World Health Organization (WHO) has suggested the condition to be a serious global public health problem that affects pregnant women worldwide. Anemic pregnant women may suffer post-partum hemorrhage, pre-term delivery, seizures, and severe cases of anemia that potentially lead to cardiac failure or death. However, it is pertinent for pregnant women and health service providers to have the adequate knowledge about the factors associated with anemia in pregnancy. Thus, this study assessed the factors associated with anemia in pregnancy women attending primary healthcare (PHC) centers in Ibeju-Lekki Local government area, Lagos state. This study employed descriptive cross-sectional design using multi-stage sampling method to recruit 295 pregnant women into the study. Data were collected using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. The recruited participants (56.6%) were majorly in their third trimester, of which their mean age was 28.7 ± 5.9 years. About 80.7% of the participants were married, having a mean knowledge score of 6.6 ± 3.2. More than half of respondents (56.3%) were anemic and had a poor knowledge (50.5%) of anemia in pregnancy. The mean hemoglobin concentration within the population was 11.06 ± 0.73 g/dl with a range of 8.3 to 12.0. There was no significant association between the respondents' knowledge of anemia in pregnancy and anemic status (X2 = 0.549; P = .45). However, this study observed a significant association between dietary diversity score and anemic status (X2 = 8.66; P = .01) and the trimester status of respondents' first antenatal visit (X2 = 9.603; P = .008). The study concluded that anemia in pregnancy was associated with maternal factors such as their first antenatal visit and the dietary diversity score. Due to this, proper education of pregnant women on anemia by health workers during antenatal clinics or visits should be prioritize to improve their anemia status.

Etiological and Evolutionary Profile of Anemia in Patients Hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Unit of the Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes

Introduction: Anemia is one of the most common public health problems in the world and affects all ages. Objective: To describe the etiological and evolutionary profile of anemia in patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Unit of the Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes. Methodology: It was a descriptive and cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection which took place from January 1 to December 31, 2020 at the Internal Medicine Unit of the Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes. It covered all anemic patients hospitalized during the study period. Results: We identified 91 cases of anemia out of 200 patients admitted to the Unit that is a hospital prevalence of 45.5%. The age group of 26 to 35 years was the most represented, that is to say 29 cases (31.87%) with an average age of 43.55 years ± 17.48 years, the female sex predominated, 51 cases (56.04%) with a sex ratio of 0.78. Housewives represented 41 cases (45.05%). The majority of patients resided in rural areas 48 cases (52.75%). The main manifestations were: asthenia 75 cases (78.02%), vertigo 68 cases (74.72%), dyspnea 62 cases (68.13%), headaches 59 cases (64.83%), palpitations 55 cases (60.44%), conjunctival pallor 53 cases (58.24%), tachycardia 43 cases (47.25%), systolic murmur 18 cases (19.78%) and IMO 11 cases (12.09%). The associated pathologies were: infected diabetic wounds 25.27%, followed by bacterial pleuro-pneumopathy 18.68%. Biologically, microcytic anemia was the most frequent 49 cases (53.84%), followed by normocytic anemia 35 cases (38.46%) and macrocytic anemia 7 cases (7.7%). Anemia was hypochromic, 53 cases (58.24%) were more encountered compared to normochromic anemia 38 cases (41.76%). The anemia was: severe in 43 cases (47.25%), moderate 29 cases (31.87%) and mild 19 cases (20.88%). Inflammatory anemia is the most common etiological diagnosis in 60% of cases, followed by vitamin B12 deficiency anemia observed in 21% of patients and then blood diseases in 7.33% of cases. The main causes of death were HIV (50%) and kidney failure (33.33%). Conclusion: Anemia is a frequent symptom in internal medicine. It constitutes a real diagnostic challenge for the internist and this sometimes in an emergency context. The use of specialized examinations and labile blood products is essential in our hospital.

Overview Of Anemia In Young Women Low Body Mass Index (Thin Category)

In the period of growth and development, adolescents need more nutrients. Adolescents face many health problems due to biological and psychological changes as well as malnutrition. Anemia is a common health problem. Riskesdas data in 2018, in Indonesia there is a prevalence of anemia of 48.9%. Cases of anemia often occur in the age group of 15-24 years and 25-34 years. This study aims to determine the state of anemia with a lean body mass index in adolescent girls at SMK Madani Turen, Malang Regency. The research design used is descriptive quantitative with a cross sectional approach and a total of 101 respondents. The samples obtained had a lean body mass index of 24 people (23.76%) and the majority were known not to be anemic, namely 17 people (70.83%) and those who had anemia were 7 people (29.16%). The p value of the Fisher's exact test is 0.000 if the p value is &lt;0.05, which means Ho is rejected, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between body mass index and Hb levels in female students at SMK Madani Turen.

Aplastic anemia severity and IL-6 and IL-8 blood levels.

Aplastic anemia is a rare, fatal bone marrow disorder that is presumed to be an autoimmune-mediated illness that actively destroys haematopoietic cells through a T helper type-1 cell response. Different cell types in the bone marrow and peripheral circulation produce chemokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). The myelopoiesis that is profoundly impaired in aplastic anemia may be inhibited by these two, as critical and powerful inhibitors. Therefore, it is conceivable that their ongoing overproduction may contribute to aplastic anemia. We performed a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on the peripheral blood plasma to reveal the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 and their correlation to aplastic anaemia. A total of 80 cases of aplastic anemia were included in this study, diagnosed according to the criteria laid down by the International Agranulocytosis and Aplastic Anemia study group. A total of 10 healthy individuals served as controls in this study. With the help of a commercial ELISA kit and the instructions from the kit's maker, the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in a quantitative way. Mean serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels in cases were 283.28±220.27 and 122.56±97.79 pg/ml, respectively, as compared to 7.52±1.43 and 3.42±1.73 pg/ml levels in controls. Statistically, mean IL-6, as well as IL-8 levels, were significantly higher in aplastic anemia patients than in controls (p< 0.001). Levels of interleukins were also assessed in relation to the severity of the disease. Patients with very severe aplastic anaemia had significantly higher mean IL-6 and IL-8 levels (516.71±36.73 and 220.50±23.45 pg/ml, respectively), followed by severe aplastic anaemia (198.84±150.39 and 89.82±77.18 pg/ml, respectively) and non-severe aplastic anaemia (26.71±33.40 and 10.29±2.63 pg/ml, respectively) (p<0.001). Blood serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were increased in aplastic anemia and showed a correlation with the severity of the disease. Hence, IL-6 and IL-8 may play an important role in the immune-mediated pathophysiology of aplastic anemia and their increasing levels are giving alarming signals for timely implementation of the appropriate treatment regimen to stop further progression of the disease. Additional studies are required in order to further investigate the exact involvement and role of IL-6 and IL-8 in aplastic anemia.

Effect of Iron and Folic Acid supplementation among nutritionally anemic women of reproductive age in rural Maharashtra: Acommunity-based intervention study

Background: In the context of the limited effectiveness of daily iron supplementation in national programs, intermittent iron supplementation is currently under debate as a possible alternative. Objective: To study the outcome of twice weekly iron supplementation compared to daily supplementation. Methods: A community-based interventional study was carried out in 283 women of the 15-49 years age group who were not pregnant and not lactating at the initiation of the study. For intervention purpose, women with mild and moderate anemia were taken. In two schedules, an interventional drug (100 mg elemental iron with 0.5 mg folic acid) was given for three months. In the daily schedule, one tablet every day; and in the weekly schedule, two tablets once a week on a fixed day were given. Result: Out of 283 anemic participants, 141 received daily while 142 received weekly iron and folic acid supplementation. Post intervention, the weekly iron supplementation group revealed that, proportion of anemia cases reduced to the tune of 32.4% and the mean increase in hemoglobin level was 1.42 gm/dl (SD ± 0.77). In contrast, in patients who had a daily supplementation regimen, the mean increase in hemoglobin level was 1.78 gm/dl (SD ± 0.83). Conclusion: Result of present study shows that, effect of daily Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation to raise hemoglobin level was higher as compared to weekly IFA supplementation. But weekly supplementation when considered separately also had significant effect to raise the hemoglobin level. It is observed that, there is no statistically significant difference in the rise of hemoglobin in both the groups, signifying weekly iron therapy as effective role as daily iron therapy in reducing anemia

Macrocytic anemia: Myelogram results in military hospital Avicenna in Marrakech

Anemia is one of the most common health problems in the primary care setting. Macrocytosis in adults is defined as a red blood cell mean corpuscular volum &gt;95 fL. Macrocytic anemias are generally classified into megaloblastic or non-megaloblastic anemia. Retrospective descriptive study included 340 samples of myelogram received in the Hematology Labortory belonging to patients admitted to the Military hospital of Avicenna in Marrakech, over a period of 48 months (from January 2016 to January 2020), aimed to assess the etiological profile of macrocytic anemia in patients whose bone marrow smears were received in our laboratory. Out of 340 myelogram samples, 120 cases of macrocytic anemia were received. The male gender was predominant with a sex-ratio (M/F) at 3. The average age was 55 years old with extremes ranging from 29 to 91 years? The discovery of macrocytic anemia was fortuitous in 30% of cases. 47% of our population presented anemic syndrom, 14% hemorrhagic syndrome, 9% infectious syndrome. The hemoglobin varyied between 4,7 g/dL and 11,9 g/dL with an average of 7.2 g/dL. The mean corpuscular volume was 107 fL. The bone marrow smear confirmed megaloblastic anemia in 54,3% of cases of macrocytic anemia. The diversity and complexity of factors leading to macrocytic anemia preclude a single or uniform method of investigation. The investigative pattern must be tailored to the individual patient, giving importance to the clinical presentation.

The Prevalence of Asymptomatic Malaria Amongst Nursery and Primary School Pupils in Bui, Northwest Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

Malaria is a public health concern worldwide, accounting for 31% of hospital consultations, 44% of hospitalisations, and 18% of deaths, and a cause of school absenteeism amongst pupils in Cameroon. The negative cognitive impact of malaria on pupils is a call for concern. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among pupils. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2015 to April 2016 in eight Nursery and Primary Schools in Bui. A total of 1,152 pupils were systematically screened for malaria using light microscopy. All anaemic and malaria positive cases were administered ferum folate/ferrous sulphate and artemether-lumefantrine for treatment. The prevalence of malaria and anaemia were 12% and 18.4%, respectively; anaemia accounted for 26.1% of all positive diagnostic tests. Malaria infection was significantly higher in adolescents aged 5–12 years (73.9%), as well as amongst males (51.4%). The proportion of pupils with asymptomatic malaria and anaemia was high. Age, sex, school, and community were associated with asymptomatic malaria as well as anaemia. Malaria intervention programmes should target asymptomatic malaria carriers for treatment to minimise transmission. Keywords: Asymptomatic malaria, Bui, Cameroon, Prevalence, School Children.