Carrier Agent Research Articles

Hybrid SIRS model of infection spread

Purpose of this work is to build a model of the infection spread in the form of a system of differential equations that takes into account the inertial nature of the transfer of infection between individuals. Methods. The paper presents a theoretical and numerical study of the structure of the phase space of the system of ordinary differential equations of the mean field model. Results. A modified SIRS model of epidemic spread is constructed in the form of a system of ordinary differential equations of the third order. It differs from standard models by considering the inertial nature of the infection transmission process between individuals of the population, which is realized by introducing a «carrier agent» into the model. The model does not take into account the influence of the disease on the population size, while population density is regarded as a parameter influencing the course of the epidemic. The dynamics of the model shows a good qualitative correspondence with a variety of phenomena observed in the evolution of diseases. Discussion. The suggested complication of the standard SIRS model by adding to it an equation for the dynamics of the pathogen of infection presents prospects for its specification via more precise adjustment to specific diseases, as well as taking into account the heterogeneity in the distribution of individuals and the pathogen in space. Further modification of the model can go through complicating the function which defines the probability of infection, generation and inactivation of the pathogen, the influence of climatic factors, as well as by means of transition to spatially distributed systems, for example, networks of probabilistic cellular automata.

Nanobubbles: A Novel Targeted Drug Delivery System

Nanobubbles are nanometer size bubbles having different constituents of varying physicochemical characteristic for the inner core and outer shell. Nanobubbles are mainly fabricated to improve the stability, bioavailability and improve the biodistribution of the delivered drug to the specific targeted site. Their small sizes bubbles allow the possibility of extravasation from blood vessels into the surrounding tissues and ultrasound-targeted site-specific release with minimal invasiveness. Nanobubbles are developing as important contrast agents for imaging and carriers for drug delivery at targeted region. Sonication is the primary method for preparation of nanobubbles followed by thin-layer evaporation, high shear emulsification, mechanical agitation and coacervation or coalescence. With exposure to ultrasound/extracorporeal shock waves, the drug is liberated from the nanobubbles into the target cells. This review paper is an effort to reveal the different formulation development techniques briefly and varying shell and core content for developing nanobubbles.

Cast‐tape drying and freeze drying of tucumã pulp into powder

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the drying of tucumã pulp into powder by cast‐tape drying (CTD) and freeze drying (FD). Bioactive compounds and the physicochemical properties of the pulp and powder were investigated. Tucumã pulp (2 mm thick pulp) was dehydrated by cast‐tape drying in a short time (8 min) due to the high drying rate, and by freeze drying for 21 h at 0.02 kPa. The powders presented moisture content of 0.04 g/g (d.b.) and water activity lower than 0.40. The degradation of bioactive compounds was of 55.8 and 37.5% of antioxidant activity index, as well as 50.1 and 26.9% of total phenolic compounds in the pulp dried by CTD and by FD, respectively. The greater degradation of bioactive compounds in the powder obtained by CTD is due to the higher pulp temperature and oxidation reactions. Both drying processes reduced β‐carotene, accounting for 45.8% for powders obtained by CTD and 31.2% by FD. However, the degradation of carotenoids did not influence the color of the pulp reconstituted when compared to the raw pulp. Despite possible biocomposite losses due to drying, the results showed that tucumã powders present relatively good values of bioactive compounds in relation to the data reported in the literature. Therefore, FD and CTD processes are appropriate to dehydrate tucumã pulp without adding carrier agents and that can be marketed without refrigeration, which is essential in regions with transport logistics issues. The advantage of CTD over FD is the higher drying rates.Practical ApplicationsTucumã is a typical exotic fruit from the Amazon region, which is rich in phenolics and antioxidants. This fruit is of great importance in the Amazon and deserves studies that make its conservation viable. Freeze drying and cast‐tape drying processes are considered appropriate conservation methods for the tucumã pulp, as they enable to retain a part of the bioactive compounds of the raw material. Moreover, tucumã powder has potential applications in food, chemical, and pharmaceutical areas.

Encapsulation of mangosteen pericarp anthocyanin‐rich extract by spray drying

SummaryMangosteen pericarp anthocyanin‐rich extract (MPA) was encapsulated by maltodextrin dextrose equivalent 20 (MD20) combined with gum arabic (GA), inulin (IN) or pectin (PEC) using spray drying. The highest encapsulation efficiency and anthocyanin content exhibited MD20:PEC and MD20:IN combinations. The MPA‐encapsulated powders had a crystalline‐mixed amorphous structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed smooth, round, fine particles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed entrapment of anthocyanins by carrier agents. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed a high thermal stability of encapsulated powders at temperatures <200°C and found that encapsulation reduced thermal degradation of anthocyanins. Incorporation of MPA‐encapsulated powders into natural yoghurt produced shelf‐stable naturally coloured product but slightly suppressed the multiplication ofLactobacillus bulgaricus. Encapsulation of anthocyanin‐rich mangosteen pericarp extract using spray drying presents a viable opportunity for food technologists to utilise this source in the development of functional food products.

Impact of Sodium Alginate and Dried Apple Pomace Powder as a Carrier Agent on the Properties of Freeze-Dried Vegetable Snacks

Impact of Sodium Alginate and Dried Apple Pomace Powder as a Carrier Agent on the Properties of Freeze-Dried Vegetable Snacks

M2-type exosomes nanoparticles for rheumatoid arthritis therapy via macrophage re-polarization

Imbalance between the activities of pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induces synovial inflammation and autoimmunity, leading to joint damage. Here we encapsulated a plasmid DNA encoding the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10 pDNA) and the chemotherapeutic drug betamethasone sodium phosphate (BSP) into biomimetic vector M2 exosomes (M2 Exo) derived from M2-type macrophages. We demonstrate that the loaded exosomes target and reduce inflammation for combined therapy against RA. The in vitro efficiency of the M2 Exo/pDNA/BSP co-delivery system was attributed to the synergistic effect of IL-10 pDNA and BSP, which also promoted M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization by reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and increasing the expression of IL-10 cytokine. In a mouse model of RA, M2 Exo/pDNA/BSP showed good accumulation at inflamed joint sites, high anti-inflammatory activity, and potent therapeutic effect. The delivery system was non-toxic both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, this system may serve as a promising biocompatible drug carrier and anti-inflammatory agent for RA treatment based on M1-to-M2 macrophage re-polarization.

Cyclic Analogs of Desferrioxamine E Siderophore for 68Ga Nuclear Imaging: Coordination Chemistry and Biological Activity in Staphylococcus aureus.

As multidrug-resistant bacteria are an emerging problem and threat to humanity, novel strategies for treatment and diagnostics are actively sought. We aim to utilize siderophores, iron-specific strong chelating agents produced by microbes, as gallium ion carriers for diagnosis, applying that Fe(III) can be successfully replaced by Ga(III) without losing biological properties of the investigated complex, which allows molecular imaging by positron emission tomography (PET). Here, we report synthesis, full solution chemistry, thermodynamic characterization, and the preliminary biological evaluation of biomimetic derivatives (FOX) of desferrioxamine E (FOXE) siderophore, radiolabeled with 68Ga for possible applications in PET imaging of S. aureus. From a series of six biomimetic analogs, which differ from FOXE with cycle length and position of hydroxamic and amide groups, the highest Fe(III) and Ga(III) stability was determined for the most FOXE alike compounds–FOX 2-4 and FOX 2-5; we have also established the stability constant of the Ga-FOXE complex. For this purpose, spectroscopic and potentiometric titrations, together with the Fe(III)–Ga(III) competition method, were used. [68Ga]Ga-FOXE derivatives uptake and microbial growth promotion studies conducted on S. aureus were efficient for compounds with a larger cavity, i.e., FOX 2-5, 2-6, and 3-5. Even though showing low uptake values, Fe-FOX 2-4 seems to be also a good Fe-source to support the growth of S. aureus. Overall, proposed derivatives may hold potential as inert and stable carrier agents for radioactive Ga(III) ions for diagnostic medical applications or interesting starting compounds for further modifications.

Variation of gas composition and energy utilization in biomass CLG process with Fe and Ca oxides through thermodynamic simulation

Chemical looping gasification (CLG) proves to be effective route for biomass thermal conversion for quality gas production. Fe2O3 and CaO were applied in sawdust thermal decomposition as oxygen carrier and CO2 absorption agent to improve syngas composition and yield. The CLG process was investigated based on experiment and process model simulation. Process model was developed based on thermodynamic equilibrium and kinetics of 22 representative reforming reactions in CLG, with the model applicability validated with experimental results. The effect of Fe2O3 and CaO addition on CLG process, including product distribution, gas composition, energy balance and exergy efficiency, was analyzed through extensive simulation under varied combination of reaction temperature(773 ∼ 1273 K), blending ratio of Fe2O3 (0 ∼ 2) and CaO (0 ∼ 2) conditions in order to clarify the effect of variables. Especially the interaction between Fe2O3 and CaO addition on process performance was discussed to discover the potential synergetic effect on mechanism. The blending of Fe2O3 or CaO changed the gas composition with improved oxidation and reforming reactions. Optimum syngas production with maximum H2 and CO yield 682 mL/g was achieved at 1073 K CLG process. And the blending ratio of oxidant was an important factor influencing the energy balance and exergy efficiency, with the equivalent point between CLG reaction heat and char combustion heat appeared at 0.4–0.45 Fe2O3 addition. The results achieved from process simulation would be informative for CLG process mechanism understanding and efficient syngas conversion.

Microencapsulation of steroidal saponins from agave sap concentrate using different carriers in spray drying.

Concentrated agave sap is a product with in vivo proven hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic activities, as well as in vitro anticancer potential. In the present work, a factorial design was used to determine the suitable drying conditions of concentrated agave by studying the effect of inlet temperature (150 °C, 180 °C and 210 °C) and the type of carrier agent (maltodextrin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, guar gum and xanthan gum). The response variables for each treatment were the product recovery and microencapsulated saponins. Further characterization of concentrated agave powders was performed: solubility in water, hygroscopicity, moisture content, tap density, bulk density, Carr's index followability and morphology by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The hydroxypropyl methylcellulose proved to improve physicochemical properties and enhance product yield, using 210 °C inlet temperature and a mix of carrier agents of maltodextrin/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/xanthan gum at 50/48.5/1.5 (w/w/w) proportion exhibited the highest saponin recovery of 53.81%. Moreover, different carrier agents in powders revealed two shapes, regular spherical shape with smooth surface and collapsed shapes. The use of polymers excipients helped to decrease the stickiness of the desired product and enhanced the powder stability and microencapsulation of the steroidal saponins.

Effect of maltodextrin with different dextrose equivalents on the physicochemical properties of spray-dried barberry juice (Berberis vulgaris L.).

Spray-drying technique is widely used in the production of powder from fruit juices. Carrier type and inlet temperature are two major factors that influence drying efficacy and powder quality. In this study, barberry juice (Berberis vulgaris L.) was powdered using 12% (w/v) maltodextrin with 4-7 and 16.5-19.5 dextrose equivalents (DEs) at two different inlet temperatures at 130 and 150°C. Moisture content, bulk density, hygroscopicity, color, total anthocyanin content(TAC), microstructure, glass transition temperature and the X-ray diffraction of the prepared powders were investigated. The inlet temperatures and the utilization of maltodextrin with different DEs as the carrier agent, had different effects on the physicochemical properties of the prepared powders. By increasing the inlet temperature, the moisture content decreased while hygroscopicity increased. At inlet temperature of 130°C, powders prepared with lower maltodextrin DEs had higher moisture content and bulk density, but lower hygroscopicity (p < 0.05). The SEM result demonstrated that, a decrease in color of the powder by increasing the inlet temperature. Darker particles with higher a* values and total anthocyanin contents (4.68mg/g) were obtained when a larger amount of maltodextrin with lower DEs was utilized. At the lower inlet temperature, the powder particles had smoother surfaces. The glass transition temperature of the powders ranged from 47.1 to 54°C based on different inlet temperature and DEs as well as moisture content. The amorphous surfaces of the dried particles were verified via X-ray diffraction profiling. Overall, applying different DEs in combination and lower inlet temperature led to the more appropriate physical and functional properties to the barberry powder. The TAC significantly depended upon the carrier agent, the inlet air temperature, and the interaction between the two variables.

Computational studies of the encapsulation of ibuprofen and paracetamol into cucurbit[7]uril

Herein, theoretical methods were used to study the cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) as a possible carrier agent for the poor water soluble drugs ibuprofen (IBF) and paracetamol (PCT). These drugs form a stable inclusion complex with the CB[7] during 50 ns of molecular dynamics simulation preserving its solvation shell. Likewise CB[7], both complexes are soluble in water with calculated solvation enthalpy of –131 and –133 kcal/mol for isolated CB[7]. The binding free energy, obtained from the potential of mean force calculations, reveals that the IBF@CB[7] complex is more stable (–16.7 kcal/mol) than the PCT@CB[7] complex (–11.7 kcal/mol). Correspondingly, the binding energies obtained in DFT-D3/B3LY/6-31G(d,p) calculation are –30.07 and –24.51 kcal/mol for IBF@CB[7] and PCT@CB[7], respectively. The high energy gap of complexes implies their chemical stability. Our results indicate that the CB[7] can be a new carrier agent for IBF and PCT, improving their solubility and chemoprotection in aqueous media.

Application of Fuzzy Logic for Controlling Spray Drying Parameters in Production of Bignay (Antidesma Bunius) Juice Powder

Spray drying is a rapid, continuous, cost-effective, reproducible, and scalable process for reducing the moisture content of a fluid material into a solid powder. To improve this process in juice powder production, automation can be applied to increase efficiency and productivity. Hence, fuzzy logic is used in this study as a control system in the spray-drying process of concentrated liquid bignay juice into juice powder, where the inlet temperature and carrier agent concentrations affecting the properties of the juice powder, such as moisture content and product yield, are considered. The proposed fuzzy system can provide feedback to the control variables, inlet temperature, and carrier agent concentration based on the moisture content and product yield of the juice powder.

Solution NMR of Nanoparticles in Serum: Protein Competition Influences Binding Thermodynamics and Kinetics.

The spontaneous formation of a protein corona on a nanoparticle surface influences the physiological success or failure of the synthetic nanoparticle as a drug carrier or imaging agent used in vivo. A quantitative understanding of protein-nanoparticle interactions is therefore critical for the development of nanoparticle-based therapeutics. In this perspective, we briefly discuss the challenges and limitations of current approaches used for studying protein-nanoparticle binding in a realistic biological medium. Subsequently, we demonstrate that solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool to monitor protein competitive binding in a complex serum medium in situ. Importantly, when many serum proteins are competing for a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) surface, solution NMR is able to detect differences in binding thermodynamics, and kinetics of a tagged protein. Combined with other experimental approaches, solution NMR is an invaluable tool to understand protein behavior in the nanoparticle corona.

An integrated value chain to iron-containing mine tailings capitalization by a combined process of magnetic separation, microwave digestion and microemulsion – assisted extraction

The recovery of metals from tailing ponds or dumps is a priority as they remained stored on large areas around the mining operations and represent an aggressive pollution source of natural water bodies. The paper objective is to develop a combined process for iron-containing mine tailings capitalization associates the benefits of magnetic separation to reduce the iron content, microwave digestion for metals forms solubilization from solid matrix and microemulsion for their extraction, concentration, and recycling from the digested sample. The magnetic separation of ferromagnetic fraction, with over 50 % iron, leads to an improved extraction efficiency. The optimum digestion procedure uses aqua regia, hydrogen peroxide (30 % H2O2) and microwaves. The microemulsion extraction using Brij 30 (polyoxyethylene (4) lauryl ether) as surfactant, ethyl acetate:butyl acetate (1:1, v/v) as oil phase and acidic metal solutions as aqueous phase, and also NaSCN (0.1 M) as carrier agent, performed at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, reveals that excellent recovery performance for iron (98.3 %), lead (98.5 %), zinc (93.0 %) can be obtained. In addition, copper (63.0 %) is recovered quite efficiently. The maximum microemulsion loading capacity in terms of mass of total metal ions/L was 351 mg/L and was achieved by two successive extractions. It has been demonstrated that by two successive extractions, the loading capacity is mainly represented by iron content. The results obtained demonstrate that the three combined procedures involving magnetic separation, microwave digestion and microemulsion assisted extraction ccontributes to the reduction of mine waste deposits and, consequently, the environmental pollution with heavy metals.

Development of flavored yoghurt fortified with microcapsules of triple omega 3‐ 6‐ 9 for preventing neurotoxicity induced by aluminum chloride in rats

Microcapsules of omega-3, -6, and -9 (fish, wheat germ, and olive oils at ratio 2:1:1) were microencapsulated using maltodextrin (MD), whey protein concentrate, gum Arabic (GA), and lactoferrin (LF) as carrier agents. The microcapsules were added to yoghurt that previously flavored by addition of orange essential oil. The characteristics of either the microcapsules or the flavored yoghurt were studied. The protective effect of the microcapsules and the flavored yoghurt in which these microcapsules were added against neurotoxicity mediated by aluminum chloride was assessed. The microcapsules prepared from MD: GA: LF and omega-3, -6, and -9 at ratio 4:1 showed the highest encapsulation efficiency with less separation%, and zeta potential. The flavored yoghurt containing microcapsules recorded high scores in the sensorial evaluation, showed protective effect against aluminum chloride-mediated neurotoxicity, enhanced brain dopamine, and 5-hydroxytriptamine, suppressed the elevation of brain acetylcholinesterase activity and attenuated the oxidative stress markers. Novelty impact statement The flavored yoghurt containing triple omega-3, -6, and -9 microcapsules recorded high sensory attributes, showed neuroprotective effect against the aluminum chloride, attenuated the oxidative stress markers, and enhanced brain dopamine and serotonin.

Glucose-Targeted Hydroxyapatite/Indocyanine Green Hybrid Nanoparticles for Collaborative Tumor Therapy.

Nanoscale hydroxyapatite (nHA) is considered as a promising drug carrier or therapeutic agent against malignant tumors. But the strong agglomeration tendency and lack of active groups seriously hamper their usage in vivo. To address these issues, we fabricated an organic-inorganic hybrid nanosystem composed of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), nHA, and indocyanine green (ICG), and further modified with glucose to give a targeting nanosystem (GA@HAP/ICG-NPs). These hybrid nanoparticles (∼90 nm) showed excellent storage and physiological stability assisted by PAA and had a sustained drug release in an acidic tumor environment. In vitro cell experiments confirmed that glucose-attached particles significantly promoted cellular uptake and increased intracellular ICG and Ca2+ concentrations by glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1)-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, the excessive Ca2+ induced cell or organelle damage and ICG triggered photothermal and photodynamic effects (PTT/PDT) under laser irradiation, resulting in enhanced cell toxicity and apoptosis. In vivo tests revealed that the hybrid nanosystem possessed good hemocompatibility and biosafety, facilitating in vivo circulation and usage. NIR imaging further showed that tumor tissues had more drug accumulation, resulting in the highest tumor growth inhibition (87.89%). Overall, the glucose-targeted hybrid nanosystem was an effective platform for collaborative therapy and expected to be further used in clinical trials.

Current knowledge about physical properties of innovative probiotic spray-dried powders produced with lactose-free milk and prebiotics

Lactose-free probiotic powders were obtained by mixing Bifidobacterium BB-12 suspensions with lactose-free milk powder or lactose-free milk powder and prebiotics (inulin or oligofructose). A thorough investigation was performed to know their water sorption properties and physical and thermal characteristics. By evaluating the water sorption properties, the Peleg model fitted well to the experimental sorption data, showing that the equilibrium moisture content of powders increased as the relative humidity increased. The isotherm found for all samples was a Type III Isotherm, commonly observed in most foods. For both morphology and particle size, the use of different carrier agents affected these properties; however, all the spray-dried powders presented good size to be added in food products. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed us amorphous structure for all powders, and typical bands of the milk constituents and sugars, respectively. Regarding the spray-dried powders thermal properties, it was possible to confirm that the addition of prebiotics gave higher thermal stability, highlighting the sample produced with inulin. We concluded that a good quality of lactose-free milk based probiotic powder could be obtained using spray drying technique, with great potential to be applied in lactose-free dairy products.

Strawberry-hydrocolloids dried by continuous cast-tape drying to produce leather and powder

Cast-Tape Drying (CTD) is an innovative and competitive technique to dehydrate fruit and vegetable pulps on a continuous scale, to produce leathers, flakes, and powders. The hydrocolloids maltodextrin, starch, and pectin were added to a strawberry pulp as carrier agents (CA). Ostwald and Herschel-Bulkley's models fitted well to rheological data of strawberry pulp and strawberry-CA suspensions. A pseudoplastic behavior was observed for all samples, which is ideal for spreading on the CTD support. All drying curves showed a constant and a falling rate period, and the time to reach a constant moisture content was dependent on the sample (between 20 and 40 min). After drying, products were removed as leathers, and the CA addition contributed to the easier detachment of the materials from support. All leathers were homogeneous, with thicknesses in the range of 0.2–0.4 mm, and the strawberry-CA leathers exhibited a slight color difference compared to the pure strawberry. Sorption isotherms of the strawberry leathers adjusted well to the GAB model. The volatile compounds in the strawberry pulp were strongly modified by drying, with the addition of maltodextrin and pectin promoting the preservation of some of the strawberry original volatiles; however, pectin has shown a few new compounds. The presence of hydrocolloids in strawberry powders increased the Tg and the dispersion (except when maltodextrin was added) in water, compared to pure strawberry powders.

Improving acid resistance and characteristics of microencapsulated Lactobacillus brevis RK03 using top fluid bed drying technology

Thermoprotective carrier agents increase bacterial viability during the drying process. We investigated the ability of various carriers, including skim milk powder, casein, and whey protein, to improve the survival rate of Lactobacillus brevis RK03 under gastrointestinal tract conditions. Employing optimized top fluid bed drying (TFBD) conditions (40 min at 50 °C), the highest bacterial survival rate (95 %) was achieved using casein and whey protein as carriers for RK03. Additionally, whey protein-microencapsulated RK03 displayed the highest survival rates in gastric juice at pH 3.0 (96 %) and 2.0 (75 %). Further, whey protein-microencapsulated RK03 exhibited better dispersibility and solubility than RK03 microencapsulated with other carriers, displayed a slower degradation rate at 50 °C and 60 °C, and had the lowest activation energy (30.27 J/mol). These results indicate that the use of whey protein as a carrier during TFBD is suitable for the production of RK03 probiotic powder.

High efficiency microencapsulation of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) with novel carrier agents: Fruit proteins

Coating materials are incorporated into microencapsulation systems for improving stability against environmental stress and functionality (such as hydrophilic features) of sensitive food products (core materials) having desirable nutrition profiles. Assuming that the final powder products containing these materials in a high proportion (at least 50%) will be offered for consumption, it is essential to include coating materials with health beneficial effects in these systems to reach exactly the desired objectives. Therefore, many studies are interested in reducing the applications of carbohydrates used commonly in microencapsulation techniques. In this context, proteins, especially plant-based alternatives obtained from food processing by-products draw attention. Similarly, the current study focused on the utilization of sour cherry protein isolate (SCPI) and pomegranate protein isolate (POPI) as novel (innovative) coating materials in the microencapsulation of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). The EVOO was also loaded into commercial proteins including pea protein isolate (PPI) and gelatin protein isolate (GPI). The spray dryer air inlet temperature for microencapsulation step of prepared emulsions (the ratio of EVOO to protein, 1:1) was 160 °C. Microencapsulation efficiency (MEE) was 97.71%, 90.27%, 89.55%, and 88.15% for sour cherry protein microcapsules (SCPM), pomegranate protein microcapsules (POPM), pea protein microcapsules (PPM), and gelatin protein microcapsules (GPM), respectively. On the other hand, POPI loaded with EVOO showed superior microencapsulation yield (MY) (60.50%) compared to PPIM (48.50), SCPIM (42.35%), and GPIM (33.30%). The impact of proteins on the morphology and particle size of microcapsules was also established. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were conducted to confirm the presence of EVOO in the protein matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that the maximum decomposition temperature of all samples was between 200 and 500 °C but mass loses rates differed in these temperatures. SCPI and POPI were required for providing higher thermal stability to EVOO rather than commercial proteins. Novel plant-based proteins and commercial proteins loaded with EVOO showed similar limitations against the oil oxidation and no significant increase in the peroxide value of encapsulated EVOO at 60 °C during 7 days of storage were noted. The results support such fruit proteins for commercial production to use in microencapsulation applications as coating materials.