Doctoral Career Research Articles

Pioneering Doktormutter

The author reconsiders German scholar Ina-Maria Greverus as a committed feminist supporter of female doctoral students and early career academics. Greverus acted as an innovator especially in the realms of anthropology and aesthetics, and initiated a new international dialogue forum with the Anthropological Journal or European Cultures, which she founded in 1990 together with Christian Giordano.

Exemplar Rehabilitation Educators’ Defining Moments and Career Reflections

Objective: To discover senior and retired exemplary rehabilitation educators’ defining career moments and to provide doctoral students and early career rehabilitation educators with insights from widely recognized and successful rehabilitation educators in the field.Method: Twenty-seven xemplary rehabilitation educators answered qualitative questions related to their career choices and accomplishments. Additionally, satisfaction with career and the perception of contributions to the field were quantitatively assessed using Likert-type questions.Findings: Five themes emerged from the qualitative data which described exemplary educators’ defining career moments. Four additional themes emerged which revealed changes educators would make if they could start their careers over. Quantitative results indicated overall moderate to high satisfaction with career and contributions.Conclusions: The experiences, advice,and wisdom of exemplary educators can provideearly guidance and insights about career decisions and life lessons for doctoral students and academics.

Transforming the lives and careers of senior doctors: retaining and harnessing skills and enthusiasm in difficult times.

We are the baby boomer generation, the postwar drugs, sex, and rock ‘n’ roll set who grew up during a time of idealistic visions that served to energise a generation who were simultaneously culturally and socially revolutionised. We are a workaholic generation, passionately concerned about participation in the workplace, motivated by vision, mission, and strategy. So where does that leave the baby boomer doctors? We have worked hard and been committed to our roles, often at great personal sacrifice. As we have got older many are in senior positions with added responsibilities, some have health issues, many of us are sandwiched between caring roles for elderly parents and children: 80% report stress and contemplate leaving early.1 But we have a workforce crisis that needs them to stay. In primary care we know we face a major problem in respect of workforce capacity, with …

Improving MRCP PACES pass rates through the introduction of a regional multifaceted support framework

IntroductionPractical Assessment of Clinical Examination Skills (PACES) constitutes the final part of the mandatory Royal College of Physicians exam series for progression to higher specialty training. Pass rates were lower...

Irish Women in Medicine, c1880s–1920s: Origins, Education and Careers by Laura Kelly

Health & History Ɣ 19/1 Ɣ 2017 129 to Sydney he married and settled at Rose Bay, had two daughters, established a practice in nervous and mental diseases that included teaching hospital work, while continuing to research the ¿ne structure and function of mammalian brains and nervous systems. During the First World War, he provided care to neurological casualties from Gallipoli and was in charge of the neurological wards of the Australian Army Medical Corps hospital in Cairo. In the postwar period he contributed to understandings of psychoses and neuroses, taught medical graduates and postgraduates, and helped found the discipline of neurology. He died in 1937. Macmillan has done a masterful job of assembling the detail of Campbell’s life and achievements and contextualising them. But as he says himself, getting to the heart of the man ‘Snowy’ Campbell is dif¿cult because there is so little to draw on in the way of personal or work-related correspondence that survives. We are left to wonder about aspects of his character, habits, and interpersonal relationships. Even what inÀuenced him to go to Edinburgh, to spend a year on the Continent, and to return to Australia can only be the subject of speculation. These gaps present opportunities for further research, which Campbell himself would surely have appreciated. ANN WESTMORE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE Laura Kelly, Irish Women in Medicine, c1880s–1920s: Origins, Education and Careers (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2015). ISBN 9780719097409 (PB). Illustrations. xvi + 255pp. Laura Kelly’s detailed monograph is based on her doctoral thesis completed at NUI (National University of Ireland) Galway in 2010. Scrupulously researched, this new study unearths the ¿rst comprehensive history of Irish medical women in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Her focus is the 759 female students who took Irish medical degrees or licenses from 1885 to 1922. Author Enid Moberly Bell wrote Storming the Citadel: The Rise of the Woman Doctor (1953) to show the onerous challenges women students faced when attempting to enter medicine in the United Kingdom, as did feminist historian Catriona Blake almost 130 BOOK REVIEWS forty years later in The Charge of the Parasols: Women’s Entry to the Medical Profession (1990). Medical historian Thomas Bonner added his lively voice to the conversation in To the Ends of the Earth: Women’s Search for Education in Medicine (1992), comparatively documenting to 1914 the staggering migration of professional women in pre–Civil War America, Victorian England, and Tsarist Russia to the ¿rst-class medical schools in Parisian or Swiss universities, and the obstructions they needed to overcome to successfully qualify. Kelly develops the themes of these three earlier works, and claims that historians have not adequately engaged with the subject of women medical students, graduates, and doctors in Ireland in this period. She argues that unlike British medical schools, Irish medical schools and hospitals were much less hostile to early women students both at the time of admission, during their studies, and when they were quali¿ed doctors. By employing a new combination of contemporary and statistical sources, Kelly gives a broad insight into aspects that made the educational lives and professional careers of female medical graduates in Ireland different, and this is what makes it an important study. Kelly’s inclusion of tables and ¿gures help the reader digest multiple sets of data, which are valuable to researchers studying the history of women in medicine. Her forty page biographical index also provides golden opportunities for future research studies, comparative or otherwise. What enlivens the narrative and gives a deeper insight into the themes of previous chapters, are her engrossing case studies of ¿ve Irish women medical graduates revealed in Chapter Seven: Drs Emily Winifred Dickson, Emma Crooks, Lily Baker, Mary McGivern (later Connolly), and Jane D. Fulton (later O’Connor). As Kelly rightly points out, the latter two give the reader a window into the personal lives and careers of women doctors who might be described as ‘ordinary’. She sees this as a welcome change to the traditional case studies of ‘great men’ and ‘great women’, which usually dominate the history of medicine in Ireland. Kelly includes well-chosen and sometimes humorous reminiscences, particularly from Dr Fulton who in...

Learning to be researchers in physical education and sport pedagogy: the perspectives of doctoral students and early career researchers

Numerous academics have argued that if a field is to progress, attention needs to be paid to how future generations of researchers are being prepared. To date, data generated on research training in physical education and sport pedagogy (PESP) have primarily focused on students undertaking doctoral programmes with a formal coursework component, which is the model predominantly used in the USA. The traditional master-apprentice model is still, however, the dominant model in many countries, including Australia, and there is a dearth of research on this model of research preparation. Hence, this study was an effort to capture the perspectives and experiences of doctoral students (DSs) and early career researchers (ECRs) who are/were engaged in programmes employing the apprentice model of training. The question we sought to examine was ‘what do PESP doctoral students and early career researchers perceive as the facilitators and challenges associated with learning to be researchers?’. The participants in this study included eight DSs and seven ECRs who were based in Australian and New Zealand institutions. Data were generated through a questionnaire that sought to identify participants’ various research training experiences, a workshop that brought participants together to discuss their research training, and follow-up individual semi-structured interviews. While much of the data generated through this study related to the importance of developing such generic research skills as writing, grant writing and presenting at conferences, participants also discussed PESP-specific skills and dispositions, including particular orientations towards research impact, and the development of research culture. Findings are discussed in reference to the neoliberalisation of education and questions are raised about the forms of research training developing researchers in PESP might need if they are to thrive as researchers within and beyond the field.

Grit and burnout in UK doctors: a cross-sectional study across specialties and stages of training

Purpose of the studyGrit is characterised by the ability to persevere during difficulties and maintain a sustained effort over an extended period of time. Throughout their careers, doctors will experience...

The Emergence of Tropical Medicine in France by Michael Osbourne

The Emergence of Tropical Medicine in France, by Michael Osbourne. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 2014. 328 pp. $50.00 US (cloth). In this volume, Michael Osbourne traces the entangled histories of naval and colonial in France from the Napoleonic era through to World War I. Weaving together the biographies of key doctor-reformers with major shifts in naval regulatory regimes, Osbourne examines how the life worlds of port cities and their inhabitants shaped the production of knowledge about health and hygiene in ways that were highly localized. This book therefore serves as a useful contribution to the historiography of nineteenth century French medicine, least because it privileges the periphery of maritime France over Paris as the primary site of inquiry. It also turns the history of tropical on its head, focusing on the field's development in France rather than in the colonies. In doing so, however, it develops an uneasy relationship with the recent historiography, which has largely moved beyond hagiographies of white men to consider the local developments of knowledge across cultures and within burgeoning international scientific networks as a way of resisting the metropole and nation as the dominant frame of analysis. This book is really about one specific variant of tropical in France as understood and practiced by medical naval officers, and therefore provides a valuable but only partial view of the field's development. The book begins with the birth of the French navy via the 1689 ordinance that formalized its separation from the civil sphere and led to the creation of dedicated naval hospitals, medical schools, prisons, and arsenals. These new institutions clustered in the port cities of Brest, Rochefort sur Mer, and Toulon, which were marked by rich and variant regional medical traditions. While the navy was in charge of colonial for much of the nineteenth century, reforms inaugurated under the Third Republic eventually yielded precedence to civilian and army medicine. Naval medical activities accordingly shifted to the cities of Bordeaux, Marseille, and Paris, marking a new moment in the history of French imperialism as well as the emergence of a new universal tropical medicine (10). Many of these transformations are tracked through the naval careers of doctors like Raphael Blanchard and Felix-Alexandre Le Dantec, whose experiences point to the tensions that existed both within and across the various branches of the French bureaucratic state. Perhaps the most novel contribution of the book concerns the importance of place, defined here as not only a point on a map ... also a site of meaning and attachment, one to which value is assigned, often through the textured facts of experience and memory (4). For Osbourne place as a mode of analysis operates on two registers. The first is the distinctive social and disease ecologies of port cities and the ships that moved in and out of them. The second refers to the experience of living in these places, including the interactions of naval doctors with bureaucratic regulations that drove disparities in salary and opportunities for advancement. …

Note From the Editors

In 2015, the University of Southern California School of Social Work convened the Social Work Innovation Roundtable with the goal of rigorously discussing the role of innovation in social work science and research. We convened a group of senior scholars in the field of social work along with emerging scholars (doctoral students and early career professors or researchers) to debate the practice of innovation, the nature of innovation, and how innovation may move social work forward. We posed the following questions to presenters and discussants: (1) Is innovation the enemy of science? (2) Does innovation have a role in science? and (3) Are innovation and scientific ideas simply different? During the course of 2 days, we argued over different perspectives on science and innovation with our colleagues. Out of those debates, this special issue of Research on Social Work Practice emerged.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE DOCTOR CAREER IN MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS

Objective: to substantiate the directions for optimization of the management of the doctor career in medical organizations. Material and methods. We have conducted an anonymous survey of 407 doctors, processed the data on documentation in career management in 65 medical organizations and have surveyed 32 experts in healthcare management. Results . We have studied the particular aspects of the doctor career in medical organizations and the state of managing this process. We have developed the profiles of formation of competences and professionally important qualities for different positions of healthcare managers in medical organizations and have provided rationales for reorganization of the professional development training program. We have formed the ways to assess the success of a certain doctor`s career and methods to manage this process, on the grounds of which the corresponding optimization technique has been designed. Conclusion . The obtained materials can be used in practice in everyday activities of medical organizations.

MANAGING DOCTORS CAREER IN A MEDICAL ORGANIZATION: INSTRUMENTARIUM OF CRITERIA AND DIAGNOSES

The research objective is to state the instrumentarium of criteria and diagnoses in managing doctors career in a medical organization. Materials and methods. We conducted theoretical and methodological analysis of literature, anonymous survey of 285 healthcare managers, data selection on development of career management documents in 51 medical organizations and survey of 32 experts. Results. We found out that managing doctors career in medical organizations is in need of improvement. We defined the informative criteria of successful career management, their gradation, significance and model variations. The developed instrumentarium of criteria and diagnoses allows to conduct the analysis of reasons why certain career management evaluation was obtained in a medical organization, as it reveals the criteria of the evaluation and, consequently, give targeted recommendations on the optimization of the process. Conclusion. We stated the mechanism of monitoring and doctors’ career management optimization in a medical organization.

Foundation doctors career choice and factors influencing career choice

This study is seeking to establish the factors influencing foundation doctors’ decision-making when applying for speciality training. A questionnaire was sent to all foundation doctors in Scotland (n = 1602, response rate 34%) asking them about their career intention in relation to General Practice, whether they received career advice and the extent to which certain factors influenced their career choice. For the majority of trainees, General Practice was not their first choice but just under half were considering it as a career. There were significant differences in career choices between the four Scottish regions and between the medical schools, with a greater proportion of those who studied in Aberdeen and Dundee Medical Schools opting for a career in General Practice. Undergraduate GP placement was reported as the strongest influence in favour of a career in General Practice followed by discussion with family and friends and discussion with speciality trainees. There were differences between medical schools in the way hospital placements, General Practice placements and role models influenced career choices. Career advice on General Practice was reported to be less available and more difficult to find.

Discussion on the strategy of standardized resident training model of vascular ultrasonography

Resident doctor is the beginning period of a doctor career. Resident standardization training is the basement period for the clinical ability training and is the important part for medical students after graduation education. Vascular ultrasonography belongs to ultrasound medicine and has its own discipline characteristics. The diagnosis accuracy of vascular ultrasonography largely depends on the accumulation of basic knowledge of multiple clinical sciences, standardization of operation techniques and especially the accurate application of hemodynamic theory. According to the discipline characteristics of vascular ultrasonography, we train the residents from the following five aspects: basic theory knowledge, operation techniques, clinic thinking ability, sciences research ability, communica-tion and team work ability. On the basis of practice, we explore the establishment of standardized training mode for medical professionals of vascular ultrasnography in China, training practical, innova-tive and independent talents, to provide reference for improving the professional level of vascular ultra-sound in our country. Key words: Resident doctor; Standardization training; Vascular ultrasonography; Spe-cialist ability

Informal peer mentoring in early career researchers

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore an informal interdisciplinary peer-mentoring relationship between two early career researchers.Design/methodology/approach– A case study approach, using autoethnography, was employed to explore the relationship from a complex adaptive systems (CAS) perspective.Findings– Informal peer-mentoring relationships may improve the work effectiveness and quality of the doctoral student and early career researcher experience. CAS can be an effective overarching theory for expanding understandings about mentoring.Research limitations/implications– This case study is limited to two early career researchers.Practical implications– Informal peer mentoring may help to overcome challenges encountered by doctoral students, early career researchers and university staff members. CAS accounts of mentoring have the potential to open new possibilities for future mentoring research.Originality/value– This paper provides unique insights into the experiences of doctoral students postgraduation and a long-term informal peer-mentoring relationship. Explorations of mentoring relationships from a CAS perspective are innovative.

The bruised child; making your evidence stand up in court

Abstract At some point in any doctor's career, he or she may be required to give evidence in court and if a paediatrician, it may well be regarding a case of possible child abuse. The doctor may be acting as a witness of fact or as an expert witness. In either case, the doctor's prime responsibility is to the court and not to the instructing team or to the clinical care of the child. This is an important distinction as in legal cases it is for the court to decide on the conclusion and outcome of the case and not for the doctor. The doctor is there to put forward their observations on matters of fact or to give an expert opinion, not to judge causation or which sequence of events proposed is correct. It is the doctor's duty always to be objective, impartial and detached and to only give evidence within their area of expertise when appearing as an expert witness. This review outlines the requirements of the court and explains the duties of a doctor when acting as an expert witness with some comment on the duties of a doctor as a professional witness.

So you want to get published? It's all about theory, context and data

This paper offers guidance on writing for publication in peer-reviewed business and management journals. The approach outlined and illustrated within is the amalgamated result of many years of experience in academic writing, editing, and getting published. The paper is primarily aimed at doctoral students, tutors, and early career researchers, who will have plenty to gain from publication, but may be lacking in the relevant experience of submission and resubmission. The authors assert the importance of creating dedicated planning documents, subject to continual revision, with particular emphasis placed on articulating and addressing gaps in theory, method, context, and management practice.

Making social scientists, or not? Glimpses of the unmentionable in doctoral education

Recent research on doctoral education in the U.K. has revealed the increasing number and diversity of academic relationships that shape the lives of research students, and students' own role in activating, mobilising and maintaining these relationships. Higher education policy reforms promoting doctoral 'skills training', interdisciplinary communities, thematic centres and supervisory teams, all create new networks for students to negotiate. Often beneficial and supportive, this article explores the 'unmentionable' consequences of relationships that gradually go awry.This study began as a project exploring the everyday experiences of doctoral students and early career researchers in the Social Sciences within the U.K. As the research unfolded, we began to encounter accounts of neglect, exploitation and denigration. While such stories have long been part of postgraduate life, their seeming persistence in the face of robust quality assurance and supervisory codes needs further exploration. We offer three portraits of difficult doctoral journeys to explore these 'unmentionable' experiences and explore whether they are linked to growing institutional and career pressures on academics to prioritise research 'productivity'.

Undergraduates' Knowledge and Interest in the Doctorate of Philosophy Degree for Communication Sciences and Disorders

ASHA has projected a shortage of professionals in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) who hold a doctorate of philosophy degree. These professionals have expertise in the field and contribute to its development through research and the education of future clinicians. Efforts have been made to remediate this problem through increasing awareness of the shortage and promoting the doctorate degree to students. However, the knowledge and interests that students have about the doctoral degree are not known. To evaluate this, 985 undergraduate CSD students from across the nation participated in a survey inquiring about their perceptions, knowledge, and interests in the doctorate degree in CSD. Results of the survey indicated that students have limited knowledge and interest in the doctorate degree. Their educational backgrounds and experiences relate to their level of knowledge of the doctorate degree. Undergraduate students’ level of interest in achieving a doctorate related to their perceived knowledge of the degree, but not their demonstrated knowledge. Overall, opportunities that relate to doctoral careers should be promoted to undergraduate students in order to increase knowledge and interest in the degree.

Factors Associated with Female Chemist Doctoral Career Choice within the Physical Sciences

Research shows that women are entering the field of physics at a faster rate than the field of chemistry through bachelor’s and doctoral degrees. However, STEM studies primarily compare women to men or examine them as a single entity. Therefore, a paucity of research exists that examines what may differentiate women in certain critical and underrepresented fields of STEM education, such as the physical sciences. The focus of this study is to examine differences among women in chemistry in the physical sciences based on background demographics and motivational factors such as academic achievement and experiences ranging from secondary through postsecondary education. This study examines the following research question: On average, do females who select chemistry as compared to physics doctoral programs differ in their reported personal motivations and background factors prior to entering the field? This question is analyzed using variables in a logistic regression from the Project Crossover Survey data set through a subset of female physical science doctoral students and scientists (n = 1137). Results show that females who have higher secondary and postsecondary grades and positive experiences in postsecondary chemistry as well as negative postsecondary physics experiences are more likely to enter the field of chemistry as opposed to physics. Therefore, success and experiences in entry-level chemistry courses are critical for female entry into the field and should be further examined. Overall, analyses show that women should not be studied in comparison only to men or as a single entity; they should also be compared to one another to uncover what motivation and background variables influence them to enter a particular field.

Hospital doctors behave differently, and only by respecting the fundamentals of professional organizations will managers be able to create common goals with professionals

Hospital doctors behave differently from other hospital workers. The general and specific characteristics of the doctors' behavior are described. As professionals, doctors want to make autonomous decisions and more specifically, they negotiate differently. The best description of their negotiation style is one that features multi-actor, multi-issue characteristics. They behave as actors in a network in never-ending rounds of negotiations with variable issues up for discussion: one time you lose, the next you win. A doctor's career starts with a long residency period in which he or she absorbs professional habits. His or her knowledge and way of organizing are implicit. It is hard for him or her to explicitly describe what he or she is doing. This makes it difficult for managers to discuss quality issues with doctors. Dealing with disruptive behavior is not easy either. The difficult tasks of the chief medical officer, who acts as a go-between, are highlighted. Only when managers respect the fundamentals of the professional organization will they be able to create common goals with the professionals. Common goals bring about better care in hospitals.